Precautions
Yes! You are taking a beta blocker (metoprolol) to lower your blood pressure along with other anti-hypertensive medications. The timolol in your glaucoma eye drops is also a beta blocker. That could lead to low blood pressure, dizziness and falls ( BMJ, April 22, 2006 ).
Can timolol lower blood pressure?
- Bronchial asthma, a history of bronchial asthma, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
- Sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular block, overt cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock.
- Neonates and infants (under the age of 2 years).
- Hypersensitivity to any component of this product.
What conditions does timolol maleate treat?
Timolol is a medication used to treat and manage open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. It is in the beta-blocker class of drugs. Timolol can also be used in some instances to treat infantile hemangiomas, hypertension, myocardial infarction, migraine prophylaxis, and atrial fibrillation.
Is timolol a beta blocker?
This medicine is not addictive. This medicine is available only with a doctor's prescription. Latanoprost/Timolol Sandoz Eye drops is not recommended for use in children. Safety and effectiveness in children has not been established. Before you use Latanoprost/Timolol Sandoz Eye drops When you must not use it
Is timolol addictive?
What is the action of timolol maleate?
This medication is used to treat high pressure inside the eye due to glaucoma (open angle-type) or other eye diseases (such as ocular hypertension). Lowering high pressure inside the eye helps to prevent blindness. This medication works by decreasing the amount of fluid within the eye.
How does timolol work in the body?
It works by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in your body such as epinephrine on the heart and blood vessels. This effect lowers the heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on the heart. This medication is also used to prevent migraine headaches.
Where does timolol act in the eye?
Timolol This beta adrenoceptor antagonist is applied topically as eye drops. It lowers IOP by blocking beta adrenoceptors in the ciliary body of the eye, which reduces the production rate of aqueous humor.
How does timolol reduce intraocular pressure?
The results indicate that timolol reduces the rate of aqueous humor formation through reduction of blood flow to the ciliary process rather than via the inhibition of the active transport system or that of prostaglandin biosynthesis.
Can timolol cause low blood pressure?
By now, numerous adverse events of timolol eye drops have been reported. The cardiovascular adverse events that have been reported are arrhythmia (bradycardia and tachycardia), hypo-tension, orthostatic hypotension, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and syncope.
What is Timoptol used for?
TIMOPTOL-XE is used to lower raised pressure in the eye and to treat glaucoma. Glaucoma is a condition in which the pressure of fluid in the eye may be high. However, some people with glaucoma may have normal eye pressure. Also, some people with raised eye pressure may not have glaucoma.
How does timolol work in glaucoma?
Timolol eye drops work by lowering the pressure in your eye. It is thought they do this by reducing the amount of fluid that you make that fills the front part of your eye (called aqueous humour). By reducing the amount of fluid produced, it reduces the pressure within your eye.
What does timolol do for glaucoma?
Timolol eye drops is used alone or together with other medicines to treat increased pressure in the eye that is caused by open-angle glaucoma or a condition called ocular (eye) hypertension. This medicine is a beta-blocker.
What is the side effect of timolol?
Temporary blurred vision, temporary burning/stinging/itching/redness of the eye, watery eyes, dry eyes, feeling as if something is in the eye, or headache may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, notify your doctor or pharmacist promptly.
How much does timolol reduce pressure?
Average Percentage Reduction in Intraocular Pressure Timolol exerts most of its IOP-lowering effects within 2 weeks of initiation of therapy. The average percentage reduction in IOP induced by timolol 0.5% twice daily varies between clinical trials and is between 19%10 and 29%.
When should you not use timolol?
Who should not take Timolol Ophthalmic (eye)?overactive thyroid gland.diabetes.low blood sugar.myasthenia gravis, a skeletal muscle disorder.complete heart block.partial heart block.sinus bradycardia.sudden and serious symptoms of heart failure called acute decompensated heart failure.More items...
Can timolol raise eye pressure?
Timolol did not affect blood pressure or pulse rate. Tear production was not reduced after topical application of timolol. Pupillary diameter and facility of outflow were not changed significantly under therapy. It is concluded, that timolol acts primarily by reduction of aqueous inflow.
Does timolol have systemic effects?
Systemically, timolol can produce beta blocking effects such as bradycardia, conduction block, syncope, and hypotension [8]. Typically, these systemic effects are inconsequential and unheeded in individuals with normal cardiovascular health.
What does timolol do to the heart?
It works on the heart and blood vessels. Timolol slows down the activity of your heart by stopping messages sent by some nerves to your heart. It does this by blocking tiny areas (called beta-adrenergic receptors) where the messages are received by your heart.
How long does timolol stay in your system?
Recovery of aqueous flow is slow after stopping timolol. This finding suggests that lower or less frequent doses than are customarily used might be equally efficacious. If timolol is discontinued before filtration surgery, its effects will remain for 2 to 4 weeks.
How long does it take timolol to work?
The onset of reduction in intra-ocular pressure can be detected within one-half hour after a single dose. The maximum effect occurs in one or two hours; significant lowering of IOP can be maintained for as long as 24 hours with a single dose.
What is timolol used for?
Timolol is a non-selective beta adrenergic blocker used in the treatment of elevated intraocular pressure in ocular hypertension or open angle glaucoma.
What tissues does timolol affect?
Timolol is distributed to the following tissues: the conjunctiva, cornea, iris, sclera, aqueous humor, kidney, liver, and lung. 22. Protein binding. The plasma protein binding of timolol is not extensive and is estimated to be about 10%. 17, 22. Metabolism.
How long does timolol maleate work?
Timolol maleate can exert pharmacological actions for as long as 24 hours if given in the 0.5% or 0.25% doses. 23. Mechanism of action. Timolol competes with adrenergic neurotransmitters for binding to beta (1)-adrenergic receptors in the heart and the beta (2)-receptors in the vascular and bronchial smooth muscle.
What percentage of timolol is plasma binding?
The plasma protein binding of timolol is not extensive and is estimated to be about 10%. 17, 22
Where is timolol excreted?
Timolol and its metabolites are mainly found excreted in the urine. 14
What is the function of steroid hydroxylase?
Steroid hydroxylase activity. Specific Function. Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and im... Gene Name.
Does timolol increase the excretion rate of plerixafor?
Timolol may decrease the excretion rate of Plerixafor which could result in a higher serum level. The risk of a hypersensitivity reaction to Poa annua pollen is increased when it is combined with Timolol. The risk of a hypersensitivity reaction to Poa compressa pollen is increased when it is combined with Timolol.
Why is timolol used in close observation?
Close observation should be carried out when timolol is administered to patients receiving catecholamine-depleting drugs such as reserpine (Harmonyl) because of possible additive effects and the production of hypotension and/or a markedly slow heartbeat, which may produce dizziness, syncope, or postural hypotension ( dizziness upon standing).
What is timolol GFS?
What is timolol and how does it work (mechanism of action)? Timolol GFS 0.2 5% and 0.5% are indicated for the treatment of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma. Timolol maleate is a beta1 and beta2 (nonselective) adrenergic receptor inhibitor that does not have significant intrinsic ...
What is the drug used for migraine headaches?
Timolol (Betimol) is a first-generation beta-blocker drug. Timolol is prescribed for the treatment of high blood pressure, angina, heart attacks, and migraine headache prevention. Off label uses include treatment for cardiomyopathy and mitral valve prolapse. Side effects include fatigue, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps. Drug interactions, warnings and precautions, and pregnancy and breastfeeding safety information should be reviewed prior to taking this medication.
Can timolol and NSAIDs be used together?
Concurrent use of NSAIDs with timolol may cause the antihypertensive action of beta-blockers to be decreased. This occurs because prostaglandins are important in controlling blood pressure.
Is timolol maleate a beta1 or beta2?
Timolol maleate is a beta1 and beta2 (nonselective) adrenergic receptor inhibitor that does not have significant intrinsic sympathomimetic, direct myocardial depressant, or local anesthetic (membrane-stabilizing) activity. Timolol GFS, when applied topically to the eye, has the action of reducing elevated, as well as normal, intraocular pressure, ...
Can pregnant women take timolol?
There are no adequate studies in pregnant women. Timolol should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk.
Can you take timolol and fenoldopam together?
Fenoldopam ( Corlopam), which is used for the treatment of severe hypertension should not be taken together with timolol as the combination may increase the risk of hypotension due to additive effects of the two drugs in lowering blood pressure.
What is timolol used for?
Timolol ophthalmic (for the eyes) is used to treat open-angle glaucoma and other causes of high pressure inside the eye. Timolol ophthalmic may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
How to report timolol side effects?
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. Timolol ophthalmic side effects (more detail)
What should I avoid while using timolol ophthalmic?
timolol ophthalmic may cause blurred vision and may impair your reactions. Avoid driving or hazardous activity until you know how this medicine will affect you.
How old do you have to be to take timolol?
Timolol ophthalmic is not approved for use by anyone younger than 2 years old.
Can you take timolol ophthalmic if you have asthma?
You should not use timolol ophthalmic if you have asthma or severe COPD, or a serious heart condition (such as "sick sinus syndrome," 2nd or 3rd degree "AV block," severe heart failure, or very slow heartbeats).
Can timolol cause hives?
Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Although the risk of serious side effects is low when timolol is used in the eyes, side effects can occur if the medicine is absorbed into your bloodstream.
Can you stop timolol before surgery?
If you need surgery, including eye surgery, tell the surgeon ahead of time that you are using timolol ophthalmic. You may need to stop using the medicine for a short time.
What is timolol maleate used for?
Timolol maleate tablets are indicated for the treatment of hypertension. They may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics.
Where is timolol metabolized?
Timolol is partially metabolized by the liver and Timolol and its metabolites are excreted by the kidney. Timolol is not extensively bound to plasma proteins; i.e., < 10% by equilibrium dialysis and approximately 60% by ultrafiltration.
How long does it take for timolol to be absorbed?
Timolol maleate is rapidly and nearly completely absorbed (about 90%) following oral ingestion. Detectable plasma levels of Timolol occur within one-half hour and peak plasma levels occur in about one to two hours. The drug half-life in plasma is approximately 4 hours and this is essentially unchanged in patients with moderate renal insufficiency. Timolol is partially metabolized by the liver and Timolol and its metabolites are excreted by the kidney. Timolol is not extensively bound to plasma proteins; i.e., < 10% by equilibrium dialysis and approximately 60% by ultrafiltration. An in vitro hemodialysis study, using 14C Timolol added to human plasma or whole blood, showed that Timolol was readily dialyzed from these fluids; however, a study of patients with renal failure showed that Timolol did not dialyze readily. Plasma levels following oral administration are about half those following intravenous administration indicating approximately 50% first pass metabolism. The level of beta sympathetic activity varies widely among individuals, and no simple correlation exists between the dose or plasma level of Timolol maleate and its therapeutic activity. Therefore, objective clinical measurements such as reduction of heart rate and/or blood pressure should be used as guides in determining the optimal dosage for each patient.
What is the molecular formula of timolol maleate?
It possesses an asymmetric carbon atom in its structure and is provided as the levo isomer. Its molecular formula is C13H24N4O3S•C4H4O4and its structural formula is: Timolol maleate has a molecular weight of 432.50. It is a white, odorless, crystalline powder which is soluble in water, methanol, and alcohol.
How old are the patients who took timolol?
In a clinical study of Timolol in patients who had survived the acute phase of a myocardial infarction, approximately 350 patients (37%) were 65 to 75 years of age . Safety and efficacy were not different between these patients and younger patients (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Pharmacodynamics).
Is 14C timolol dialyzed?
An in vitro hemodialysis study, using 14C Timolol added to human plasma or whole blood, showed that Timolol was readily dialyzed from these fluid s; however, a study of patients with renal failure showed that Timolol did not dialyze readily.
Does timolol reduce reinfarction?
Therapy with Timolol also reduced the incidence of nonfatal reinfarction. The mechanism of the protective effect of Timolol is unknown. Timolol was studied for the prophylactic treatment of migraine headache in placebo-controlled clinical trials involving 400 patients, mostly women between the ages of 18 and 66 years.
What is timolol used for?
This medication is used to treat high pressure inside the eye due to glaucoma (open angle-type) or other eye diseases (e.g., ocular hypertension ). Lowering high pressure inside the eye helps to prevent blindness. This medication works by decreasing the amount of fluid within the eye. Timolol belongs to a class of drugs known as beta-blockers.
How to report timolol side effects in Canada?
In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345. Precautions. Before using timolol, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies.
Can you use timolol if you have an eye infection?
If you develop an eyeinfection or injury, or have eyesurgery, check with your doctor about whether you should continue to use your current bottle of timolol. You may be advised to start using a new bottle.
How long does it take for timolol to stabilize?
Since in some patients the pressure-lowering response to Preservative-free Timolol Maleate Ophthalmic Solution in OCUDOSE may require a few weeks to stabilize, evaluation should include a determination of intraocular pressure after approximately 4 weeks of treatment with Preservative-free Timolol Maleate Ophthalmic Solution in OCUDOSE.
How long does it take for timolol to lower intraocular pressure?
The maximum effect usually occurs in one to two hours, and significant lowering of intraocular pressure can be maintained for periods as long as 24 hours with a single dose. Repeated observations over a period of one year indicate that the intraocular pressure-lowering effect of Timolol Maleate Ophthalmic Solution is well maintained.
How much timolol is in ocdose?
Preservative-free Timolol Maleate Ophthalmic Solution in OCUDOSE is available in concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5%. The usual starting dose is one drop of 0.25% Preservative-free Timolol Maleate Ophthalmic Solution in OCUDOSE in the affected eye (s) administered twice a day. Apply enough gentle pressure on the individual container to obtain a single drop of solution. If the clinical response is not adequate, the dosage may be changed to one drop of 0.5% solution in the affected eye (s) administered twice a day.
What is the formula for timolol maleate?
The optical rotation of timolol maleate is: Its molecular formula is C 13 H 24 N 4 O 3 S•C 4 H 4 O 4, and its structural formula is: Timolol maleate has a molecular weight of 432.50. It is a white, odorless, ...
Is timolol a good ophthalmic solution?
In these studies, Timolol Maleate Ophthalmic Solution was generally well tolerated and produced fewer and less severe side effects than either pilocarpine or epinephrine. A slight reduction of resting heart rate in some patients receiving Timolol Maleate Ophthalmic Solution (mean reduction 2.9 beats/minute standard deviation 10.2) was observed.
Is Timolol Maleate ophthalmic solution hypotensive?
The precise mechanism of the ocular hypotensive action of Timolol Maleate Ophthalmic Solution is not clearly established at this time. Tonography and fluorophotometry studies in man suggest that its predominant action may be related to reduced aqueous formation. However, in some studies a slight increase in outflow facility was also observed.
Does timolol cause glaucoma?
Timolol Maleate Ophthalmic Solution, when applied topically on the eye, has the action of reducing elevated as well as normal intraocular pressure, whether or not accompanied by glaucoma. Elevated intraocular pressure is a major risk factor in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous visual field loss. The higher the level of intraocular pressure, the greater the likelihood of glaucomatous visual field loss and optic nerve damage.
