Indeed, in one of the most classic studies in social psychology, Stanley Milgram
Stanley Milgram
Stanley Milgram was an American social psychologist, best known for his controversial experiment on obedience conducted in the 1960s during his professorship at Yale. Milgram was influenced by the events of the Holocaust, especially the trial of Adolf Eichmann, in developi…
What is the agentic shift in sociology?
However, when they transition to an agentic state they shift the responsibility to the authority figure because the individual perceives themselves as ‘carrying out another person’s wishes’. This transition from an autonomous state to an agentic state is called the agentic shift. 3.
What is Milgram’s agentic shift?
The agentic state is an explanation of obedience offered by Milgram and is where an individual carries out the orders of an authority figure, acting as their agent. The shift from autonomy to ‘agency’ is referred to as the ‘agentic shift’. Collections. From the Reference Library.
When does antigenic shift occur?
Antigenic shift may also occur when an influenza A virus jumps directly from aquatic birds to humans or when a virus passes from aquatic birds to humans through an intermediate host without undergoing reassortment. This article was most recently revised and updated by Kara Rogers.
What does agentic state mean in psychology?
Agentic State. An agentic state is a state of mind in which a person will allow other people to direct their behaviors and pass responsibility for the consequences of the behaviors to the person telling them what to do. This is a concept in Stanley Milgram's Agency Theory and is one of two states that an individual is in during social situations.
What is the Agentic shift according to Milgram?
Milgram explained that people make the agentic shift when confronted with a person they perceive as having legitimate authority and begin to act as an 'agent', on behalf of the authority figure.
What is the Agentic state theory?
Milgrams' Agency Theory The agentic state – people allow others to direct their actions and then pass off the responsibility for the consequences to the person giving the orders. In other words, they act as agents for another person's will.
Why does the Agentic shift occur?
An order from an authority figure triggers the agentic shift into the Agentic State. When an authority figure issues an order that goes against our conscience, we experience moral strain.
What is the definition of Agentic state?
The Agentic State Agency theory says that people will obey an authority when they believe that the authority will take responsibility for the consequences of their actions.
What is Agentic example?
Examples of agentic behavior in the workplace She's pushy; he's persuasive. She's bossy; he's a leader. She's a self-promoter; he knows his own self-worth. She's abrasive; he's incisive. She's a harpy; he's tenacious.
What's the opposite of Agentic state?
the autonomous stateThe opposite to the agentic state is the autonomous state, where people do feel responsible for their actions.
What is the Agentic state a level psychology?
An agentic state is a state of mind in which a person will allow other people to direct their behaviors and pass responsibility for the consequences of the behaviors to the person telling them what to do.
Why is the Milgram experiment unethical?
The experiment is considered unethical because the people who were the participants were led to believe that they were administering a shock to real people. The individuals were unaware the learners were individuals associated with Milligram.
What was the purpose of the Milgram experiment?
The goal of the Milgram experiment was to test the extent of humans' willingness to obey orders from an authority figure. Participants were told by an experimenter to administer increasingly powerful electric shocks to another individual.
What is another word for Agentic?
What is another word for agentic?autonomousfreeindependentself-determiningself-directedself-governingself-rulingselfstandingsovereignuncontrolled
Is Agentic state an explanation for obedience?
The agentic state is an explanation of obedience offered by Milgram and is where an individual carries out the orders of an authority figure, acting as their agent. The shift from autonomy to 'agency' is referred to as the 'agentic shift'.
What is Agentic engagement?
Agentic engagement is defined as the action of taking initiatives that contribute to learning and teaching (Reeve, 2012). Bandura (2006) argues that human agency implies intentionality with plans and strategies that might require accommodation of self-interests with other agents, for example, with teachers.
What is agency theory in sociology?
Agency refers to the idea that people make their own decisions and are responsible for their own actions. Some sociological theories are accused of being deterministic, that they suggest that human behaviour is inevitable and predictable. Interpretivists stress that people have agency and can choose.
What is agency theory in business finance?
Agency theory is the principle used to explain and solve problems in the relationship between business people and their agents. Most commonly, that relationship is the relationship between shareholders, as principals, and company executives, as agents.
What is agency in Marxism?
Agency. Agency is the subject of social change, who makes history. For Marxists, it is in the first place, human beings who are the agent of history, not “History” or “The Laws of History” or even “the productive forces” or “The Party” or any other such abstraction.
What is the social impact theory psychology?
Social impact theory proposes that the amount of influence a person experiences in group settings depends on (a) strength (power or social status) of the group, (b) immediacy (physical or psychological distance) of the group, and (c) the number of people in the group exerting the social influence (i.e., number of ...
What is an antigenic shift?
Antigenic shift, genetic alteration occurring in an infectious agent that causes a dramatic change in a protein called an antigen, which stimulates the production of antibodies by the immune systems of humans and other animals. Antigenic shift has been studied most extensively in influenza type A viruses, ...
How often does the antigen shift occur?
Antigenic shift has been studied most extensively in influenza type A viruses, which experience this change about once every 10 years. The newly emerged viruses have the potential to cause epidemics or pandemics, since very few, if any, humans possess immunity against the new antigens.
Why do viruses have antigenic shifts?
Antigenic shift occurs because influenza A viruses have a large animal reservoir, consisting primarily of wild aquatic birds (e.g., ducks ). It also occurs because the RNA genome of influenza A viruses is in the form of eight segments, which during viral replication are susceptible to a type of genetic exchange known as genetic reassortment.
What are the two major antigenic glycoproteins in influenza A?
Influenza A subtypes are distinguished by the two major antigenic glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), that exist on their viral coats. (H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1 are examples of influenza A subtypes.)
What happens when antigenic drift occurs?
When antigenic drift occurs, the body’s immune system may not recognize and prevent sickness caused by the newer influenza viruses. As a result, a person becomes susceptible to flu infection again, as antigenic drift has changed the virus enough that a person’s existing antibodies won’t recognize and neutralize the newer influenza viruses.
Why is antigenic drift important?
Antigenic drift is an important reason why people can get flu more than one time. Drift is also a primary reason why the composition of flu vaccines for use in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres is reviewed annually and updated as needed to keep up with evolving flu viruses.
What happens when viruses drift?
The small changes that occur from antigenic drift usually produce viruses that are closely related to one another, which can be illustrated by their location close together on a phylogenetic tree. Influenza viruses that are closely related to each other usually have similar antigenic properties.
What is the other type of change called?
Antigenic Shift. The other type of change is called “antigenic shift.”. Antigenic shift is an abrupt, major change in an influenza A virus, resulting in new HA and/or new HA and NA proteins in influenza viruses that infect humans. Shift can result in a new influenza A subtype in humans. One way shift can happen is when an influenza virus ...
What is the name of the change in the surface proteins of the virus?
One way influenza viruses change is called “antigenic drift.”. These are small changes (or mutations) in the genes of influenza viruses that can lead to changes in the surface proteins of the virus: HA (hemagglutinin) and NA (neuraminidase).
What happens when you are in an agentic state?
If in an agentic state people are 'agents' for another person and do what they are told to do, passing responsibility onto the ones directing their actions. Two conditions must be present in order to be in an agentic state.
What is the state of mind in which a person will allow other people to direct their behaviors?
Agentic State . An agentic state is a state of mind in which a person will allow other people to direct their behaviors and pass responsibility for the consequences of the behaviors to the person telling them what to do.
What is the state of an individual in social situations?
This is a concept in Stanley Milgram's Agency Theory and is one of two states that an individual is in during social situations. The other state is the autonomous state in which individuals direct their own behaviors and actions and take responsibility for consequences themselves. If in an agentic state people are 'agents' for another person ...
Why is going into the agentic state important?
Going into the Agentic State removes moral strain, because we regard the authority figure as now being responsible for our actions. This is the appeal of the Agentic State.
Why was Eichmann executed?
Eichmann was executed for his crimes against humanity, but critics supposed this tendency towards blind obedience was part of the German national character. Others disagreed, arguing that there is blind obedience in everyone. This was Milgram’s view and the inspiration for his observational studies.
Can genocidal orders happen anywhere?
Agency Theory suggests that obedience is a natural human impulse and therefore, yes, obedience to genocidal orders could happen anywhere.
