what is the anatomy of the stomach

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The stomach’s main roles:

• Food storage
• Acidic breakdown of swallowed food
• Sends mixture on to the next phase in the small intestine

What are the seven functions of the stomach?

The stomach is made of these 5 layers:

• Mucosa. This is the first and innermost layer or lining. It contains the glands that release digestive juices. ...
• Submucosa. This second layer supports the mucosa. ...
• Muscularis. The third layer is made of thick muscles. ...
• Subserosa. This layer contains supporting tissues for the serosa.
• Serosa. This is the last and outermost layer. ...

What is the gross anatomy of the stomach?

The stomach has four parts :

• Cardia This is the area where the esophagus meets with the stomach – esophagogastric junction (Z-line). ...
• Fundus This is the uppermost area of the stomach that lies just under the diaphragm. ...
• Body This is the largest part of the stomach between the fundus and pylorus.

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What are the four parts of the stomach?

The stomach is an organ of the digestive system, specialized in the accumulation and digestion of food. Its anatomy is quite complex; it consists of four parts, two curvatures and receives its blood supply mainly from the celiac trunk. Innervation is provided via the vagus nerves and the celiac plexus.

What is the anatomical structure of the stomach?

What are the 4 parts of the stomach?

What are the parts of the stomach's anatomy?The cardia is the top part of your stomach. ... The fundus is a rounded section next to the cardia. ... The body (corpus) is the largest section of your stomach. ... The antrum lies below the body. ... The pylorus is the bottom part of your stomach.

What are the 3 anatomical regions of the stomach?

Areas of the stomachThe cardia is the first part of the stomach, which is connected to the esophagus. ... The fundus is the top, rounded area that lies to the left of the cardia.The body is the largest and main part of the stomach. ... The antrum is the lower part of the stomach.More items...

What is the gross anatomy of the stomach?

The stomach is divided into four sections: the cardiac region, the fundus, the body, and the pylorus or atrium. The stomach is lined by a mucous membrane that contains glands (with chief cells) that secrete gastric juices.

What is the main function of the stomach?

The stomach is a hollow organ, or "container," that holds food while it is being mixed with stomach enzymes. These enzymes continue the process of breaking down food into a usable form. Cells in the lining of your stomach secrete a strong acid and powerful enzymes that are responsible for the breakdown process.

What is anatomy of the body?

Anatomy is the study of the body's structure. It is a branch of science that investigates organs, bones, structures, and cells that exist in animals and people.

What organ is behind the stomach?

The pancreas is a leaf shaped organ tucked under the liver, close to the gallbladder, stomach and bowel. It is part of both the digestive and endocrine systems. The pancreas lies across your body just behind your stomach.

What are the anatomical features of the stomach that support digestion?

There are four main regions in the stomach: the cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus. The cardia (or cardiac region) is the point where the esophagus connects to the stomach and through which food passes into the stomach. Located inferior to the diaphragm, above and to the left of the cardia, is the dome-shaped fundus.

What tissues make up the stomach?

Microscopic analysis of the stomach's structure reveals that it is made of several distinct layers of tissue: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa layers.

How many regions does the stomach have?

The stomach is a 'j'-shaped organ, with two openings- the oesophageal and the duodenal- and four regions- the cardia, fundus, body and pylorus.

What are the 3 divisions of the small intestine?

The small intestine has three parts: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. It helps to further digest food coming from the stomach. It absorbs nutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and water from food so they can be used by the body. The small intestine is part of the digestive system.

Where is the pyloric region of the stomach?

The pylorus is the furthest part of the stomach that connects to the duodenum. It is divided into two parts, the antrum, which connects to the body of the stomach, and the pyloric canal, which connects to the duodenum.

Overview

The digestive system is made up of the gastrointestinal tract-mouth, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestine, and rectum.

Function

Your stomach’s purpose is to digest food and send it to your small intestine. It has three functions:

Anatomy

Your stomach sits in your upper abdomen on the left side of your body. The top of your stomach connects to a valve called the esophageal sphincter (a muscle at the end of your esophagus). The bottom of your stomach connects to your small intestine.

Conditions and Disorders

Gastrointestinal diseases may affect your stomach. You may have gastrointestinal symptoms only under specific circumstances, such as getting heartburn during pregnancy. Or you may have a chronic (long-lasting) condition.

Care

You can make lifestyle changes to keep your stomach and digestive system healthy. You may:

Frequently Asked Questions

If you have chronic stomach symptoms, you may speak with a gastroenterologist. Gastroenterologists are doctors who specialize in treating the digestive system. You may ask:

What is the name of the muscle that lines the stomach?

Ridges of muscle tissue called rugae line the stomach. The stomach muscles contract periodically, churning food to enhance digestion. The pyloric sphincter is a muscular valve that opens to allow food to pass from the stomach to the small intestine.

What is the name of the valve that allows food to enter the stomach?

As food reaches the end of the esophagus, it enters the stomach through a muscular valve called the lower esophageal sphincter. The stomach secretes acid and enzymes that digest food. Ridges of muscle tissue called rugae line the stomach.

What causes gastric ulcers?

Gastric ulcers are most often caused by NSAIDs or H. pylori infection. Peptic ulcer disease: Doctors consider ulcers in either the stomach or the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) peptic ulcer disease. Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach, often causing nausea and/or pain.

What causes stomach pain and nausea?

Gastritis : Inflammation of the stomach, often causing nausea and/or pain. Gastritis can be caused by alcohol, certain medications, H. pylori infection, or other factors. Stomach cancer: Gastric cancer is an uncommon form of cancer in the U.S. Adenocarcinoma and lymphoma make up most of the cases of stomach cancer.

Why does my stomach bleed?

Stomach bleeding: Gastritis, ulcers, or gastric cancers may bleed. Seeing blood or black material in vomit or stool is usually a medical emergency. Gastroparesis (delayed gastric emptying): Nerve damage from diabetes or other conditions may impair the stomach’s muscle contractions.

What is the name of the tube that is inserted through the mouth?

Nausea and vomiting are the usual symptoms. Upper endoscopy (esophagogastroduodenoscopy or EGD): A flexible tube with a camera on its end (endoscope) is inserted through the mouth. The endoscope allows examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (the first part of the small intestine).

What is upper GI series?

Upper GI series: X-rays are taken of the esophagus, stomach, and upper part of the small intestine. Gastric emptying study: A test of how rapidly food passes through the stomach. The food is labeled with a chemical and viewed on a scanner.

Where is the stomach located?

The stomach is located inside the abdominal cavity in a small area called the bed of the stomach, onto which the stomach lies when the body is in a supine position, or lying face up. It spans several regions of the abdomen, including the epigastric, umbilical, left hypochondriac, and left flank regions.

How many parts does the stomach have?

Its anatomy is quite complex; it consists of four parts, two curvatures and receives its blood supply mainly from the celiac trunk. Innervation is provided via the vagus nerves and the celiac plexus . Thanks to the stomach, every human is technically capable of corroding metal and picking up new hobbies, such as competitive eating.

What is the pyloric part of the stomach?

Finally, the pyloric part represents the outflow section of the stomach, passing stomach contents into the duodenum. The pylorus is further divided into two distinct areas – the pyloric antrum connected to the stomach and the pyloric canal connected to the duodenum.

What hormones do the stomach release?

The stomach also plays a role in controlling secretion and motility within the digestive tract by releasing several hormones such as gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, and gastric inhibitory peptide.

What is the fundus of the stomach?

The fundus is the superior dilation of the stomach, which is located superiorly relative to the horizontal plane of the cardiac orifice. Anatomy of the stomach (anterior view) Next, we have the corpus, or gastric body, which is the largest part of the organ.

What is the organ of the digestive system?

Stomach. The stomach is an organ of the digestive system, specialized in the accumulation and digestion of food. Its anatomy is quite complex; it consists of four parts, two curvatures and receives its blood supply mainly from the celiac trunk. Innervation is provided via the vagus nerves and the celiac plexus .

Where does the blood supply to the stomach come from?

The overall blood supply of the stomach originates from the abdominal aorta and is provided from two anastomotic systems along the curvatures and several direct branches. The anastomosis along the lesser curvature is created by the union of the right and left gastric arteries which originate from the common hepatic artery and celiac trunk respectively. The greater curvature anastomosis is formed by the union of the right and left gastroomental arteries (gastroepiploic), which originate from the gastroduodenal and splenic arteries respectively.

What are the layers of the stomach?

The stomach is much like a bag with a lining. The stomach is made of these 5 layers: 1 Mucosa. This is the first and innermost layer or lining. It contains the glands that release digestive juices. These are called hydrochloric acid and pepsin. This is where most stomach cancers start. 2 Submucosa. This second layer supports the mucosa. It is rich in blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves. 3 Muscularis. The third layer is made of thick muscles. They help to mix food with the digestive juices. 4 Subserosa. This layer contains supporting tissues for the serosa. 5 Serosa. This is the last and outermost layer. It’s the lining that wraps around the stomach to confine it.

What is the stomach made of?

The stomach is much like a bag with a lining. The stomach is made of these 5 layers: Mucosa .

What happens to the stomach after you swallow?

It’s the lining that wraps around the stomach to confine it. After you chew and swallow food, it enters your stomach from the food pipe. At this point, pepsin and hydrochloric acid are released.

Which layer of the stomach contains the glands that release digestive juices?

This is the first and innermost layer or lining. It contains the glands that release digestive juices. These are called hydrochloric acid and pepsin. This is where most stomach cancers start. Submucosa. This second layer supports the mucosa. It is rich in blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves. Muscularis.

How long does it take for food to digest?

Your stomach muscles create a rippling motion, which combines the food with the digestive juices. After about 2 to 3 hours, partly digested food moves into the small intestine. This is where it’s broken down further, and over time, absorbed into your body.

What is the function of the stomach?

Its main function is to store and break down the foods and liquids that we consume before those contents travel to other organs to be further digested. When the stomach is empty, the inside has small folds called rugae. Rugae allow the stomach to expand to accommodate large meals.

Which sphincter separates the esophagus and stomach?

The esophageal sphincter separates the esophagus and the stomach. When that muscle doesn’t relax properly, it feels like it is difficult to swallow. On the opposite end of the stomach, the pyloric sphincter regulates the speed at which food moves down to the small intestine.

What happens to food after the stomach is done?

After the stomach has done its work, the highly acidic mixture of gastric juices and food (known as chyme) leaves the stomach, moves past the pyloric sphincter, and goes into the duodenum before entering the small intestine.

What is the strongest acid in the stomach?

Hydrochloric acid: This extremely strong acid breaks down food and any other foreign materials such as bacterial pathogens. Two muscular rings called sphincters also provide additional defense against the chemicals in the stomach by moving contents along.

What are the ingredients in gastric juice?

Cells lining the stomach create the following active ingredients in gastric juices: 1 Pepsin: This protein-digesting enzyme activates when food enters the stomach. 2 Hydrochloric acid: This extremely strong acid breaks down food and any other foreign materials such as bacterial pathogens. Two muscular rings called sphincters also provide additional defense against the chemicals in the stomach by moving contents along. The esophageal sphincter separates the esophagus and the stomach. When that muscle doesn’t relax properly, it feels like it is difficult to swallow. On the opposite end of the stomach, the pyloric sphincter regulates the speed at which food moves down to the small intestine.

What is the abdomen called?

All rights reserved. The abdomen (commonly called the belly) is the body space between the thorax (chest) and pelvis. The diaphragm forms the upper surface of the abdomen. At the level of the pelvic bones, the abdomen ends and the pelvis begins.

What is the protective layer of the abdomen?

In the front, the abdomen is protected by a thin, tough layer of tissue called fascia. In front of the fascia are the abdominal muscles and skin. In the rear of the abdomen are the back muscles and spine.

What is the name of the procedure that a doctor performs to diagnose abdominal problems?

Physical examination: By listening with a stethoscope, pressing, and tapping on the abdomen, a doctor gathers information that helps diagnose abdominal problems. Upper endoscopy (esophagogastroduodenoscopy or EGD): A flexible tube with a camera on its end (endoscope) is inserted through the mouth.

What causes right side abdominal pain?

Cholecystitis: Inflammation of the gallbladder, causing severe right-sided abdominal pain. A gallstone blocking the duct exiting the gallbladder is usually responsible. Dyspepsia: The feeling of an upset stomach or indigestion. Dyspepsia can result from benign or more serious conditions.

What is the purpose of ultrasound in the abdomen?

Abdominal ultrasound: A probe on the abdomen reflects high-frequency sound waves off the abdominal organs, creating images on a screen. Ultrasound can detect problems in most abdominal organs, such as the gallbladder, liver, and kidneys.

What is the term for a ruptured abdominal wall?

Peritonitis: Inflammation of the covering of the abdominal structures, causing abdominal wall rigidity and severe pain. Usually, this is due to a ruptured or infected abdominal organ. Acute abdomen: A medical phrase doctors use to suggest that peritonitis or some other emergency is present and surgery is likely needed.

What causes stomach pain and nausea?

Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach, often causing nausea and/or pain. Gastritis can be caused by alcohol, NSAIDs, H. pylori infection, or other factors. Peptic ulcer disease: Ulcers are erosions and peptic refers to acid. Peptic ulcers are ulcers in the stomach and duodenum (the first part of the small intestine).