Full Answer
What is the meaning of steering geometry?
The geometric alignment of linkages in a vehicle's steering such that the wheels on the inside of a turn are able to move in a smaller circle radius than the wheels on the outside. Nice work! You just studied 26 terms!
What is the thrust angle?
The thrust angle is the angle between the thrust line and centerline. If the thrust line is to the right of the centerline, the angle is said to be positive; if the thrust line is to the left of center, the angle is negative. It is caused by rear wheel or axle misalignment and causes the steering to pull or lead to one side or the other.
What is the included angle in front suspension?
The included angle is the sum of the camber and steering axis inclination ( SAI) angles in a front suspension. This angle is measured indirectly and is used primarily to diagnose bent suspension parts such as spindles and struts. The SAI is the angle formed by a line running through the upper and lower steering pivots with respect to vertical.
What is a diagnostic angle on a steering wheel?
This is the angle of the steering knuckle pivot points in relation to the camber angle of the wheel; also referred to as a diagnostic angle. Tilt of the top of the tire toward the centerline of the vehicle.
Which term describes the angle formed by a imaginary line through the steering pivots as viewed from the front?
steering axis inclination angle (SAI) The angle formed by an imaginary line running through the upper and lower steering pivots relative to vertical as viewed from the front.
What term is used to describe the angle that exists between the steering axis and the perpendicular line?
thrust angle. The angle formed between the perpendicular centerline of the rear axle in comparison to the centerline of the vehicle.
Which of the following is the term for the angle of the steering axis of a wheel from the vertical as viewed from the side of the vehicle?
Camber angle is one of the angles made by the wheels of a vehicle; specifically, it is the angle between the vertical axis of a wheel and the vertical axis of the vehicle when viewed from the front or rear. It is used in the design of steering and suspension.
What is the name for the lines drawn through the center of the vehicle and the left front wheel?
Steering axis inclination (SAI) represents a predetermined and fixed angle between a true vertical drawn through the center of the tire and a line drawn through the upper and lower ball joints when viewed from the front of the vehicle. Where these two lines intersect, the resulting angle is the SAI.
What is camber and castor angle?
Positive camber results in tire wear on the outside tread of the tire. A vehicle will pull to the side with the most positive camber. Caster is viewed from the side of the vehicle. It's the forward or rearward tilt of the steering axis. Positive caster provides steering wheel returnability and greater stability.
What is castor angle and camber angle?
Caster. Camber. 1] While viewing from the side of a vehicle, the caster is the angle between the steering axis and a vertical axis of the wheel. While viewing from the front of a vehicle, the camber is the angle made by an axis of the wheel with an axis perpendicular to the road.
What is steering angle?
The steering angle is defined as the angle between the front of the vehicle and the steered wheel direction as shown in Figure 11.
What is the angle between the steering axis and the vertical in the plane of the wheel *?
CastorExplanation: Castor is the angle between the steering axis and the vertical in the plane of the wheel.
What is thrust angle?
The thrust angle is an imaginary line that is drawn perpendicular from the centerline of the rear axle, down the centerline of the vehicle. The purpose of the thrust angle is to determine if the rear axle is lined up with the center of the vehicle, as well as the front axle.
What is camber angle in automobile?
Camber angle, γ, is defined as the angle measured in the front elevation between the wheel plane and the vertical. Camber angle is measured in degrees and taken as positive if the top of the wheel leans outwards relative to the vehicle body as shown in Figure 4.27.
What is scrub angle?
0:006:13Scrub Radius - Suspension Design - Explained - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipSo what it is is essentially the distance between where the steering axis or kingpin axis intersectsMoreSo what it is is essentially the distance between where the steering axis or kingpin axis intersects the ground versus where the tire center line intersects the ground.
What is kingpin angle?
Kingpin angle is a measure of the angle of the suspension steer axis relative to vertical in front view. The steer axis (or kingpin axis) on a conventional double wishbone suspension passes through the upper control arm and lower control arm ball joints.
What is the practice of aligning the wheels of the vehicle to the centerline of the vehicle and to one another?
It ensures that the vehicle will handle correctly and gives best tire wear.
What is a steering wheel setting?
A setting designed to compensate for slight wear in steering components that may cause the wheels to turn slightly outward or inward while the vehicle is in motion.
What is negative camber?
Negative camber is when the top of the tire is closer to the center of the vehicle than the bottom of the tire. The angle formed through the wheel pivot points when viewed from the side in comparison to a vertical line through the wheel. The imaginary line drawn down the exact center of the vehicle from front to back.
What is the tilt of the top of a tire?
Tilt of the top of the tire is tilted out from the centerline of the vehicle.
What is the difference between the inside and outside tire?
The difference in turning angle of the inside tire (smaller turning radius) in comparison to the outside tire. This angle difference allows the tires to roll through the corner rather than the inside tire dragging; also referred to as Ackermann angle.
What is the thrust angle on a steering wheel?
The thrust angle is the angle between the thrust line and centerline. If the thrust line is to the right of the centerline, the angle is said to be positive; if the thrust line is to the left of center, the angle is negative. It is caused by rear wheel or axle misalignment and causes the steering to pull or lead to one side or the other. It is the primary cause of an off-center or crooked steering wheel. Correcting rear axle or toe alignment is necessary to eliminate the thrust angle. If that isn't possible, using the thrust angle as a reference line for aligning front toe can restore center steering.
What is wheel alignment?
The term "wheel alignment" refers to all the elements that make your car go straight. It involves three main measurements: caster, camber, and toe. If you hit a massive pothole and bump your suspension out of alignment, the carefully calculated specifications to which the components were set are no longer in effect.
Why is my steering touchy?
Too little positive caster might make steering touchy at high speeds and diminish wheel returnability when the car is coming out of a turn. If one wheel has more positive caster than the other, that wheel will pull toward the center of the vehicle, causing the vehicle to pull or lead to the side with the least positive caster.
What is a caster on a car?
Caster is the tilting of the uppermost point of the steering axis either forward or backward when viewed from the side of the vehicle. A backward tilt is positive; a forward tilt is negative. Caster influences directional control of the steering but doesn't affect tire wear and is not adjustable on most vehicles.
What is the difference between camber and wheel alignment?
Wheel alignment: Camber. Camber is the tilting of the wheels from the vertical when viewed from the front of the vehicle. When wheels tilt outward at the top, the camber is positive; when wheels tilt inward at the top, the camber is negative. The amount of tilt is measured in degrees from the vertical.
Why is my steering wheel off center?
It is caused by rear wheel or axle misalignment and causes the steering to pull or lead to one side or the other. It is the primary cause of an off-center or crooked steering wheel. Correcting rear axle or toe alignment is necessary to eliminate the thrust angle.
How does caster affect a vehicle?
Caster is affected by vehicle height, so it is important to keep the body at its designed height. An overloaded vehicle or one with a weak or sagging rear spring will affect caster. When the rear of the vehicle is lower than its designated trim height, the front suspension moves to a more positive caster.
What is steering return?
Both. Tech A says steering return is the condition when the steering wheel does not return to straight ahead after a turn and is also known as memory steer. Tech B says steering return can be caused by binding at pivot points or can be the result of insufficient positive caster.
What is a tire sidewall?
B. Tire sidewalls are a special type of tire with tread.
What does Tech A say about tire wear patterns?
Tech A says that observing tire wear patterns can assist in identifying problems in steering system. Tech B says that observing tire wear patterns can also assist in identifying problems in the suspension system. Who is correct?
Why are left hand lug nuts not sheared off?
Tech A says this is because some manufacturers believe left-hand lug nuts are less likely to loosen up when used to the right (passenger) side of the vehicle . Tech B says this is important to remember so lug nuts are not sheared off when trying to remove them.
What are the statements about wheel balance?
All of the following statements about wheel balancing are true except: A. Tire/wheel imbalance can cause vehicle vibration and a rough, uncomfortable ride. B. Tire/wheel imbalance can cause excessive and uneven tire wear. C. Tire/wheel imbalance can cause excessive steering and suspension system part wear. D. Tire/wheel imbalance can cause poor ...
What are the features of a passenger car tire?
When a modern passenger car tire's construction is examined, several features are obvious. Tech says these features are the cords, inner liner, and tread. Tech B says these features are the bead, plies, and sidewall. Who is correct?
Why is my wheel stuck on the hub?
Rust can often cause the wheel to become stuck to the axle flange or hub due to the snug fit between the wheel and hub (or axle flange). When this happens, tech A says to first notify your supervisor and seek assistance. Tech B says to first use an oxyacetylene torch to loosen the rusts grip on the parts.
Who proposed the front axle of a car at a positive caster angle?
Arthur Krebs proposed placing the front axle of a car at a positive caster angle in his UK patent of 1896, entitled Improvements in mechanically propelled vehicles.
What is the angle subtended by the mechanical trail at the wheel center called?
Some bicycle constructors refer to the angle subtended by the mechanical trail at the wheel center as caster.
What is the purpose of caster angle?
The purpose of this is to provide a degree of self-centering for the steering —the wheel casters around in order to trail behind the axis of steering. This makes a vehicle easier to control and improves its directional stability (reducing its tendency to wander). Excessive caster angle will make the steering heavier and less responsive, although in racing large caster angles are used for improving camber gain in cornering. Caster angles over 7 degrees with radial tires are common. Power steering is usually necessary to overcome the jacking effect from the high caster angle.
What is caster wheel?
Caster causes a wheel to align with the direction of travel, and can be accomplished either by caster displacement or caster angle. Caster displacement moves the steering axis ahead of the axis of wheel rotation, as with the front wheels of a shopping cart.
Why is caster angle important in racing?
This makes a vehicle easier to control and improves its directional stability (reducing its tendency to wander). Excessive caster angle will make the steering heavier and less responsive, although in racing large caster angles are used for improving camber gain in cornering.
What is the steering axis of a car?
The steering axis in a car with dual ball joint suspens ion is an imaginary line that runs through the center of the upper ball joint to the center of the lower ball joint, or through the center of the kingpin for vehicles having a kingpin. Caster causes a wheel to align with the direction of travel, and can be accomplished ...
Why power steering?
Power steering is usually necessary to overcome the jacking effect from the high caster angle. Some front-end alignment calls for different right-side and left-side caster. This is called cross caster, and the difference is called the spread. Cross camber may also be specified, but not usually both.
What is a mechanic's term for the effort to reduce oscillations, the bouncing action of elastic?
a. Technician A. Technician A says "dampening" is the effort to reduce oscillations, the bouncing action of elastic parts like coil and leaf springs. Technician B says the four wheels of the car are affected by three forces: driving thrust, braking torque, and cornering force.
What is steering return?
Technician A says steering return is the condition when the steering wheel does not return to straight ahead after a turn and is also known as memory steer. Technician B says steering return can be caused by binding at pivot points or can be the result of insufficient positive caster.
What is camber on a car?
Technician A says camber is the side-to-side vertical tilt of the wheel when viewed from the front of the vehicle and is measured in degrees. Technician B says that a wheel that leans away from the center of the vehicle at the top is said to have negative camber.
What does Technician A say when checking suspension parts?
Both Technician A and Technician B. Technician A says when checking some suspension parts, a hydraulic jack needs to be placed under the lower control arm. Technician B says when checking certain suspension parts, a block of wood will need to be placed between the control arm and frame.
What happens if materials go beyond a certain point?
a. Even if materials go beyond a certain point, they will always return to their original condition.
When does adaptive air suspension activate?
Technician A says on some vehicles, adaptive air suspension is activated when the door is opened before the ignition is turned on. Technician B says on some vehicles the driver is seated and turns the key on and then the adaptive air system turns on.
How is the angle of depression formed?
The angle of depression is formed when the observer is standing at a height and looking down at an object. If a person stands and looks down towards an object, the angle of depression is the angle between his horizontal line of sight and the line of sight to the thing.
What is the angle of elevation?
The Angle of Elevation: The angle of elevation is an angle formed between the horizontal line and the line of sight. If the line of sight is skywards from the horizontal line, then the angle formed is an elevation angle.
How to find the distance of an observer from a tower?
An observer looks at the object standing at the top of a tower or tree or something in the above figure, forming a depression angle with the line of sight and horizontal line. Here, if we join an imaginary line between the object and the horizontal line, a right-angled triangle is formed. Thus we can use here trigonometry concept to find the distance of the observer from the tower or building.
Is an angle of elevation of one location relative to the other always congruent?
An angle of elevation of one location relative to the other is always congruent (equal in measure) to the angle of depression of the first location close to the second.
Can you take Angles of Elevation and Depression notes?
Readers can take Angles of elevation and depression notes to revise the concept quickly.