Enterobacter aerogenes Antibiotic Resistant, Bacteria, Emerging Pathogen, Gram-Negative, Healthcare-Transmitted Structure and Physiology This bacteria is Gram-negative, rod-shaped, and radially surrounded by flagellum. It can be found in dairy products, soil, and the gastrointestinal tract of animals.
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| Klebsiella aerogenes | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Class: | Gammaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Enterobacterales |
| Family: | Enterobacteriaceae |
What carbohydrates can Enterobacter aerogenes ferment?
Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli Which organisms were capable of fermenting sucrose? Enterobacter aerogenes Which organism was not able to ferment any of the carbohydrates? Alcaligenes faecalis Methyl red and Voges-Proskauer tests: Which organism (Escherichia coli or Enterobacter aerogenes) is positive for the methyl red test?
How contagious is Enterobacter aerogenes?
is enterobacter aerogenes contagious? Dr. Shaym Puppala answered 25 years experience Internal Medicine Yes: Enterobacter aerogenes is a bacteria that can cause a variety of infections such as urinary tract infections, sepsis, pneumonia, skin/wound infections...
Does Enterobacter aerogenes have any medical significance?
It is possible that Enterobacter aerogenes and other Enterobacter species may exert a probiotic effect in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. Probiotics are preparations of living organisms that benefit the host by improving intestinal microbial balance.
Does Enterobacter aerogenes have amylase?
Methods and Results: Enterobacter aerogenes was transformed with the gene encoding Vitreoscilla (bacterial) haemoglobin, vgb. The growth kinetics and ability to synthesize a-amylase enzyme were investigated in this transformed Enterobacter strain as well as in two other Enterobacter control strains that do not harbour the vgb gene.
What is the shape of Enterobacter aerogenes?
Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae are gram-negative bacteria that belong to the family Enterobacteriaceae. They can be both aerobic and anaerobic. Under the microscope, Enterobacter is rod-shaped with rounded ends.
What is the colony morphology of Enterobacter aerogenes?
MICROSCOPIC APPEARANCEGram Stains:Negative.Morphology:Straight rods.Size:0.6-1.0 micrometers by 1.2-3.0 micrometers.Motility:Some are motile by four to six peritrichous flagella.Spores:No.
Is Enterobacter aerogenes rod shaped?
Enterobacter is a genus of a common Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Two of its well- known species, Enterobacter aerogenes and E.
What structure do the bacteria Enterobacter aerogenes use for motility?
Enterobacter aerogenes was originally named Aerobacter aerogenes, and was later included in the genus Enterobacter in 1960. In 1971, this species was proposed to be renamed Klebsiella mobilis due to its motility conferred by peritrichous flagella and its genetic relatedness to Klebsiella genus.
What is the arrangement of Enterobacter cloacae?
Enterobacter cloacae SCF1NamesEnterobacter cloacae SCF1Cell arrangementSinglesSporulationNonsporulatingMetabolismLignin degraderEnergy sourceNA32 more rows
What is the morphology of Enterobacter cloacae?
Enterobacter cloacae is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that has peritrichous flagella, measures 0.3-0.6 x 0.8-2.0 µm, is oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, and is facultatively anaerobic.
Is Enterobacter aerogenes indole positive or negative?
E. coli is indole-positive; Enterobacter aerogenes is indole- negative. Glucose is the major substrate oxidized by enteric bacteria for energy production. The end products of the oxidation process vary depending on the specific enzymatic pathways in the bacteria.
Does Enterobacter aerogenes grow on MacConkey Agar?
Most Enterobacter strains will grow on selective media for Enterobacteriaceae, including Violet Red Bile Agar (containing glucose or lactose), Hektoen, or MacConkey agar.
What shape is Proteus mirabilis?
rod-shaped bacteriumProteus mirabilis, a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium most noted for its swarming motility and urease activity, frequently causes catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) that are often polymicrobial.
Which fermentation pathway does Enterobacter aerogenes use to ferment glucose?
butanediol fermentation pathwayIn contrast, Enterobacter aerogenes and other members of the high-ratio organisms (those that produce a high ratio of CO2 to H2 from the fermentation of glucose) ferment sugars via the butanediol fermentation pathway, producing only 1 mol of acid per mol of glucose.
Which enteric bacteria are motile?
Salmonella—Salmonellae are motile rods that characteristically ferment glucose and mannose without producing gas but do not ferment lactose or sucrose. Most salmonellae produce H2S. They are often pathogenic for humans or animals when ingested.
What are the characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae?
Enterobacteriaceae CharacteristicsGram-negative.Rod-shaped (usually short bacilli; about 1 – 5 μm)Facultatively anaerobic.Non-sporing.Mostly motile with peritrichous flagella, ( most species in the genera Klebsiella and Shigella are non-motile)Catalase positive, oxidase negative.More items...•
Which Enterobacter aerogenes cause sepsis?
Enterobacter species. Among the Enterobacter aerogenes (i.e., Aerobacter aerogenes) species, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter sakazakii, and Enterobacter hormaechei have caused sepsis and a severe form of necrotizing meningitis in neonates [ 129–134 ]. In 2008, the taxonomy of E. sakazakii was revised, resulting in identification ...
What are the three types of Enterobacter?
Three species of Enterobacter—Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Enterobacter sakazakii— are responsible for the vast majority of Enterobacter infections of humans. Pantoea agglomerans, formerly known as Enterobacter agglomerans, is also a common isolate and is grouped with the Enterobacter spp. here. These bacteria ferment lactose, are motile, and form mucoid colonies. Enterobacter strains commonly arise from the endogenous intestinal flora of hospitalized patients but can occur in common source outbreaks or are spread from patient to patient. Infections are especially common in patients who have received antimicrobial therapy and in those in intensive care units. 322 Enterobacter spp. may cause a wide variety of nosocomial infections, including pneumonia, UTIs, wound and burn infections, infections of intravascular and other prosthetic devices, and meningitis. There do not seem to be distinguishing characteristics among infections caused by E. cloacae and E. aerogenes. E. sakazakii causes bacteremia and meningitis primarily in neonates and is associated with consumption of powdered milk formula. 323 P. agglomerans, a plant pathogen, is often associated with contaminated catheters or penetrating trauma. 324
What is the name of the bacterium that is found in human faeces?
Classification. The name Klebsiella aerogenes was originally used for the non-motile, capsulate, gas-producing strains commonly found in human faeces and in water; certain biochemically atypical Klebsiella strains isolated from the respiratory tract of man and animals were designated K. pneumoniae.
What is the name of the species of K. pneumoniae?
The name K. pneumoniae is now used for the species as a whole, and the former K. aerogenes is referred to as K. pneumoniae subspecies aerogenes. The atypical respiratory strains are included in the subspecies ozaenae, pneumoniae and rhinoscleromatis ( Table 27.1 ).
Which bacteria are found in milk?
Coliforms. These belong to the Enterobacteriaceae family that is widespread in the digestive tract of animals. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella aerogenes are also part of this family that often grow rapidly in milk, particularly above 20 °C.
When was the taxonomy of E. sakazakii revised?
In 2008, the taxonomy of E. sakazakii was revised, resulting in identification of five species belonging to a new genus, Cronobacter [ 135 ]. For purposes of this chapter, the discussion of earlier articles retains the designation of E. sakazakii.
Is Enterobacter aerogenes anaerobic or aerobic?
Enterobacter. Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae are gram-negative bacteria that belong to the family Enterobacteriaceae. They can be both aerobic and anaerobic. Under the microscope, Enterobacter is rod-shaped with rounded ends. Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae cause wound ( Múñez et al 2012 ), ...
Where can E. aerogenes be found?
It can be found in dairy products, soil, and the gastrointestinal tract of animals. E. aerogenes is closely related to a wide range of other common microorganisms including Escherichia, Klebsiella, Shigella, and Serratia .
Is E. aerogenes resistant to antibiotics?
It has been shown that E. aerogenes is multi-drug resistant to antibiotics due to its method of removing the harmful substances via efflux pumps and protein channels, which are not specific to any one compound.
Is ESKAPE a pathogen?
Because of the germ's emerging multi-drug resistance and prevalence in nosocomial infections, it has been grouped as an ESKAPE pathogen ( Enterococcus, Stapylococcus, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Enterobacter species).
What is the principle of Enterobacter aerogenes?
Principle: cultures of Enterobacter aerogenes are made in liquid media; one medium is made with the water to be tested, the other with high-quality reference distilled water (e.g. high-quality water for pharmaceutical/injection use, codex guaranteed).
Which Enterobacter aerogenes cause sepsis?
Enterobacter species. Among the Enterobacter aerogenes (i.e., Aerobacter aerogenes) species, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter sakazakii, and Enterobacter hormaechei have caused sepsis and a severe form of necrotizing meningitis in neonates [ 129–134 ].
Does Aerobacter aerogenes metabolize glucose?
Aerobacter aerogenes is also able to metabolize glucose, for it possesses the glucosephosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.9) ( 267) as well as a stereospecific d -glucokinase (EC 2.7.1.2) ( 197 ). View chapter Purchase book. Read full chapter. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780122193521500098.
Does Aerobacter aerogenes grow well on pentoses?
Aerobacter aerogenes grows very well on a variety of pentoses and pentitols which lead to an extensive elaboration of their metabolism. The overall scheme could be summarized as follows (132, 133 ):
Is Enterobacter aerogenes anaerobic or aerobic?
Enterobacter. Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae are gram-negative bacteria that belong to the family Enterobacteriaceae. They can be both aerobic and anaerobic. Under the microscope, Enterobacter is rod-shaped with rounded ends. Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae cause wound ( Múñez et al 2012 ), ...
What enzymes are involved in the metabolism of pentoses?
If the metabolism of pentoses involve mainly isomerases, the metabolism of pentitols requires NAD-linked dehydrogenases. Ribitol is acted upon by a NAD-specific ribitol dehydrogenase ( 94, 184 ), which converts ribitol to d -ribulose.
Is acetoin a decarboxylase?
THE FORMATION OF ACETOIN FROM ACETOLACTATE. Aerobacter aerogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium acetobutylicum, and Streptococcus faecalis do not contain a decarboxylase system and are not able to produce appreciable amounts of aldehyde ( 439 ). Therefore, a single enzyme is presumably responsible for the pyruvate decarboxylation ...
How many species of Enterobacter are there?
Currently there are more than 14 species of the genus Enterobacter that can be identified according to their biochemical or genomic characteristics. This group of microbes has representatives that inhabit humans as part of the usual microbial biota.
What are the conditions caused by E. aerogenes?
Soft Tissue and Skin Infections: Conditions caused by E. aerogenes in these tissues include cellulitis, fasciitis, myositis, abscesses, and wound infections. Urinary Tract Infections: Pyelonephritis (infection of the kidney and renal pelvis), prostatitis, and cystitis can be caused by E. aerogenes and other Enterobacter bacteria.
What is the eighth most common pathogen in hospital-acquired infections?
Enterobacter infections are usually caused by bacteria common in the human digestive tract. In the United States, infections caused by this genus rank it as the eighth most common pathogen in hospital-acquired infections.
What are the pathologies of a bacterium?
This bacterium can cause multiple pathologies such as: Infections in the urinary and gastrointestinal tract. Thrombocytopenia ( reduction of platelets in the bloodstream). Respiratory system infections: Infections of this type include asymptomatic colonization, tracheobronchitis, pneumonia, lung abscess, and empyema.
Is E. aerogenes a pathogen?
The species E. aerogenes is considered an opportunistic pathogen and rarely causes disease in healthy individuals. As an opportunist, it has become important due to nosocomial infections. Very little is known about the factors that can affect its pathogenicity or virulence (ability to cause disease).
Is E. aerogenes resistant to antibiotics?
aerogenes are considered to be very complex and limited, as most infections come from an endogenous source and many strains are highly resist ant to antibiotics.
Can nosocomial infections be endogenous?
It should be noted that most nosocomial infections appear to arise endogenously from a previously colonized site in the patient involved. And immunosuppressed people, children and the elderly are usually more susceptible to these infections.
What temperature does Enterobacter aerogenes grow?
It is related to Enterobacter Coli and Salmonella. Its preferred temperature for growth is 37 degrees Celsius. In laboratories, it also grows quite quickly in milk nutrients, salts, and dyes. Surgical procedures, intravenous catheter insertions, and some antibiotic treatments are ways that result in the infection of Enterobacter aerogenes.
What is the name of the rod-shaped bacteria that causes bacterial infections?
Enterobacter aerogenes, part of the Enterobacteriaceae Family, is a rod-shaped bacteria that causes bacterial infections, and is usually acquired in a hospital or hospital-type atmospheres.
What is the gastrointestinal tract?
The gastrointestinal tract is usually where it is found in a human, and it is known to cause respiratory, urinary tract infections, osteomyelitis, and septic arthritis . They also cause burn, wound, and bloodstream infections. It has also been shown to cause meningitis and central nervous system infections.
What is the genus of Enterobacter?
Enterobacter, (genus Enterobacter), any of a group of rod-shaped bacteriaof the family Enterobacteriaceae. Enterobacterare gram-negative bacteria that are classified as facultative anaerobes, which means that they are able to thrive in both aerobic and anaerobic environments.
Where do enterobacteria live?
Enterobacteris named for the organisms’ predominant natural habitat, the intestines of animals (from Greek enteron, meaning “intestine”). Enterobacterare ubiquitousin nature; their presence in the intestinal tracts of animals results in their wide distribution in soil, water, and sewage. They are also found in plants.
What antibiotics are used for enterobacteria?
Newer approaches to Enterobacterinfections have adopted combination-therapy regimens employing multiple antibiotics with different core structures, such as an aminoglycoside or a fluoroquinolone in combination with a beta-lactam agent.
What are the characteristics of a flagella?
Many species possess flagellaand thus are motile. Features such as motility, as well as certain biochemical properties, including the ability to synthesize an enzyme known as ornithine decarboxylase, are used to distinguish Enterobacterfrom the very similar and closely related Klebsiellabacteria.
Which enzymes are responsible for the activity of beta-lactamases?
In some instances, however, subpopulations of Enterobacterare capable of producing enzymes known as beta-lactamases, which cleavethe central ring structure responsible for the activity of beta-lactam antibiotics, a group that includes imipenem (a type of carbapenem) and cephalosporins.
Is Enterobacterto a multidrug resistant organism?
Despite the promise of this more diversestrategy, however, it has been associated with the selection of multidrug-resistant organisms. Resistance of Enterobacterto non-beta-lactam antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin, involves distinct cellular and genetic mechanisms.
Classification
Description and Significance
Genome Structure
Cell Structure and Metabolism
Ecology
Pathology
- Enterobacter aerogenes causes disease in humans through inadvertent bacteria transfer in hospital settings. A selection of enteric bacteria like E. aerogenesare opportunistic and only infect those who already have suppressed host immunity defenses. Infants, the elderly, and those who are in the terminal stages of other disease or are immunosuppress...
Application to Biotechnology
Current Research
Other Members of Same Genus
Energy Source