Stream capacity is a measure of the total sediment (material other than water) a stream can carry. Stream competence reflects the ability of a stream to transport a particular size of particle (e.g., boulder
Boulder
Boulder is the home rule municipality that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of Boulder County, Colorado, United States. It is the state's 11th-most-populous municipality; Boulder is located at the base of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains at an elevation of 5,430 feet above se…
What is Stream capacity in geography?
Stream capacity. Stream capacity is often mistaken for the stream competency, which is a measure of the maximum size of the particles that the stream can transport, or for the total load, which is the load that a stream carries. The sediment transported by the stream depends upon the intensity of rainfall and land characteristics.
How do you measure stream capacity?
The amount of solid load that a stream can carry, or stream capacity, is measured in metric tons per day, passing a given location. Stream capacity is dependent upon the stream's velocity, the amount of water flow, and the gradation (because streams that occur on steeper slopes tend to have greater flow and velocity) (Strahler and Strahler, 2006).
What affects stream capacity and stream competence?
Channelization of water is another critical component affecting stream capacity and stream competence. If a stream narrows, the velocity increases. An overflow or broadening of a stream channel results in decreased stream velocities, capacity, and competence.
What type of load does a stream carry?
All streams carry some type of dissolved load. This type of load can result from mineral alteration from chemical erosion, or may even be the result of groundwater seepage into the stream. Materials comprising the dissolved load have the smallest particle size of the three load types (Strahler and Strahler, 2006).
What is meant by capacity of a stream?
Stream capacity is the maximum amount of solid load (bed and suspended) a stream can carry. It depends on both the discharge and the velocity (since velocity affects the competence and therefore the range of particle sizes that may be transported).
What is the capacity of a stream quizlet?
Capacity is the amount of sediment that a stream can carry. Competence refers to the largest particle size that a stream can carry. You just studied 9 terms!
What is stream capacity in geography?
Stream capacity, while linked to stream competency through velocity, is the total quantity of sediment a stream can carry. Total quantity includes dissolved, suspended, saltation and bed loads. The movement of sediment is called sediment transport. Initiation of motion involves mass, force, friction and stress.
What is competence of a stream?
Stream competence reflects the ability of a stream to transport a particular size of particle (e.g., boulder, pebble, etc). With regard to calculation of stream capacity and competence, streams broadly include all channelized movement of water, including large movements of water in rivers.
What is the load of a river?
The load is the total amount of sediment being transported. There are 3 types of sediment load in the river: dissolved, suspended, and bed load. The dissolved load is made up of the solutes that are generally derived from chemical weathering of bedrock and soils.
How does a streams capacity compare to its load?
- A stream's load is a geologic term referring to the solid matter carried by a stream erosion. What is the difference between a stream's competence and its capacity? - Stream's competence: largest sized particle being moved by the stream. - Stream capacity: total discharge of sediment the stream is transporting.
What is a stream load quizlet?
Stream load. All the materials that are transported in a stream. Dissolved load. The portion of the stream load that transports material (such as ions from minerals)and is carried in a solution. (
What are the 3 types of streams?
One method of classifying streams is through physical, hydrological, and biological characteristics. Using these features, streams can fall into one of three types: perennial, intermittent, and ephemeral. Definitions and characteristics of each stream type are provided in this Appendix.
What is the maximum load a stream can carry called?
capacityThe maximum load of sediment that a stream can transport is called its capacity. Capacity is directly proportional to the discharge: the greater the amount of water flowing in the stream, the greater the amount of sediment it can carry.
What is stream efficiency?
• The efficiency of a rivers channel is measured by finding its Hydraulic radius. It is the ratio between the length of wetted perimeter and cross section of a river channel. • Wetted perimeter: the entire length of the riverbed bank and sides in contact with water.
What is the difference between capacity and competence?
It is important to differentiate capacity from competency. Competency is a global assessment and a legal determination made by a judge in court. Capacity, on the other hand, is a functional assessment regarding a particular decision.
What is the dissolved load of a stream?
Dissolved load is the portion of a stream's total sediment load that is carried in solution, especially ions from chemical weathering. It is a major contributor to the total amount of material removed from a river's drainage basin, along with suspended load and bed load.
What is stream capacity?
Stream capacity is the total quantity of sediment that a stream can carry, move, transport. Streams of water carry sediment. Each stream has a capacity for what can be carried by the volume and velocity (force) of water being channelized. Stream competence is the size of sedimentary particle that can be carried, moved, ...
What is the major factor affecting stream capacity and stream competence?
Under normal circumstances, since channelized streams are influenced by the force of gravity, the major factor affecting stream capacity ( quantity of sediment) and stream competence (sediment particle size) is channel slope. Channel slope derives the measurement of stream gradient.
What is stream competence?
Stream competence is the size of sedimentary particle that can be carried, moved, transported in a channelized stream of water. Each stream has a competency for what size of sedimentary particle it can move by its force (volume and velocity). This competency may change as stream volume and flow of velocity change due to seasonal flooding ...
Why does a stream gain enough competence to carry particles as large as "pebbles, cobbles and boulder
Because of increased competence, the stream may gain enough competence to carry particles as large as "pebbles, cobbles and boulders" ( Gale Cengage ). If the stream is not confined, then channelization broadens and volume and velocity do not increase resulting in no increase of capacity or competence. Sources:
What is a stream?
A stream is defined as all channelized movement of water, including large movements of water in rivers, such as the Yangtze River and the Mississippi River. Channel, channelized and channelizing are defined as the eroded pathway that the stream of water follows and the fact of these waters following eroded pathways.
What happens to the stream when channelization increases?
As channelization increases, the others decrease: a broad channel has low velocity, lower capacity and lessened competence. Conversely, a narrow channel has high velocity, higher capacity and greater competence. Channelization also affects the stream load, which is related to stream discharge.
What is the relationship between stream load and velocity?
Since stream load is directly related to velocity/capacity/competence, the higher the velocity, the greater the sum of the mass of sedimentary material that can be transported by the stream load.
What are the three types of stream load?
Stream load is broken into three types: dissolved load, suspended load, and bed load (Ritter, 2006).
What are the two main sources of stream erosion?
Types of stream erosion. There are two main sources of stream erosion: hydraulic action and abrasion. All of the materials added to normal stream flow through these processes increase the overall stream load (Strahler and Strahler, 2006).
What is multi stream?
Multi-streaming is an increasingly popular live streaming strategy that involves publishing your broadcast to more than one content distribution network ( CDN) platform simultaneously. Multi-encoding, on the other hand, is a similar technique that involves streaming the same program to the same CDN at different bitrates. Multi-streaming allows live streams to reach a greater audience while multi-encoding helps to ensure accessibility of your live to viewers of all levels of download bandwidth.
How to ensure a live stream is successful?
1. Always have some extra upload bandwidth available. Ensure you always have enough bandwidth for streaming your broadcast— plus more. This extra “headroom” acts as a buffer to account for any changes to your network.
What is upload bandwidth?
What is bandwidth? Streaming upload bandwidth in a nutshell. When streaming out to the Internet, you are consuming upload band width. Examples of uploading include attaching a file to an e-mail, saving a file to Cloud storage, or publishing a live stream.
What is stream encoded?
Streamed content needs to be encoded. Video (and to a lesser extent, audio) content that is not compressed consumes far too much upload bandwidth to support a reliable broadcast for viewers. Encoding your content is done with a small program, called a codec, using either software (such as free open-source solution, OBS Studio) or hardware (like “all-in-one” live production mixer, Pearl-2 ). The goal of encoding is to digitize and compress your video and audio content to a bandwidth-friendly file size without sacrificing quality.
Why is my stream unreliable?
If your stream’s bit rate is too high relative to your upload bandwidth however, then your live stream will be unreliable for viewers. For example, a stream with a 6 Mb/s bit rate doesn’t work on a network with a 5 Mb/s upload bandwidth limit.
What happens if you don't have enough bandwidth for streaming?
If you don’t have enough bandwidth for streaming out, then viewers will be unable to view your content and your live stream won’t be successful. So how much streaming upload bandwidth do you actually need to ensure a successful live broadcast?
Is 4k streaming better than 1080p?
Naturally, the required network bandwidth for 4K streaming will be higher than that for 1080p streaming. If you have specific resolution in mind for your live stream, you can consult Netflix’s Internet Speed Recommendations page.
How to scale a stream?
Configure Stream Analytics Streaming Units (SUs) 1 Sign in to Azure portal 2 In the list of resources, find the Stream Analytics job that you want to scale and then open it. 3 In the job page, under the Configure heading, select Scale . Default number of SUs is 3 when creating a job. 4 Use the slider to set the SUs for the job. Notice that you are limited to specific SU settings. 5 You can change the number of SUs assigned to your job even when it is running. This is not possible if your job uses a non-partitioned output or has a multi-step query with different PARTITION BY values. You maybe restricted to choosing from a set of SU values when the job is running.
How many partitions does Stream Analytics need?
For a job with 6 streaming units, you may need 4 or 8 partitions from the Event Hub.
What is Azure stream analytics?
One of the unique capability of Azure Stream Analytics job is to perform stateful processing, such as windowed aggregates, temporal joins, and temporal analytic functions. Each of these operators keeps state information. The maximum window size for these query elements is seven days.
What is the memory consumed by a temporal join?
The memory consumed (state size) of a temporal join is proportional to the number of events in the temporal wiggle room of the join, which is event input rate multiplied by the wiggle room size. In other words, the memory consumed by joins is proportional to the DateDiff time range multiplied by average event rate.
Is memory consumed proportional to window size?
The memory consumed (state size) for a windowed aggregate is not always directly proportional to the window size. Instead, the memory consumed is proportional to the cardinality of the data, or the number of groups in each time window.
Definition
The capacity of a stream or river is the total amount of sediment a stream is able to transport. This measurement usually corresponds to the stream power and the width-integrated bed shear stress across section along a stream profile. Note that capacity is greater than the load, which is the amount of sediment carried by the stream. Load is generally limited by the sediment available upstream.
Characteristics
Scope
- Gravity is the influence that drives the water channeled downhill in streams. A stream is defined as all channelized movement of water, including large movements of water in rivers, such as the Yangtze River and the Mississippi River. Channel, channelized and channelizing are defined as the eroded pathway that the stream of water follows and the fact of these waters following eroded …
Formation
- The stream flow velocity (i.e., speed of a quantity of material past a given point during a specific time interval) of a stream of water is directly related to the channel slope of the stream. The greater the slope, the higher the flow velocity; the lesser the slope, the lower the flow velocity. Examples are the greater slope of the Colorado River flowing through the Grand Canyon and the …
Selected publications
- Since water streams flow in channels under the influence of gravity, channelization is also a critical component affecting stream capacity (quantity) and stream competence (size), which are both directly related to stream flow velocity. Conversely, channelization and capacity/competence/velocity are indirectly related. As channelization increases, ...