What is a chemical formula of detergent?
They are usually made up of surfactants and are effective because they have an amphipathic structure which means that one side of the compound is hydrophobic which will avoid water whereas the other side is hydrophilic which will easily attach to water. The chemical formula for detergent is: C 18 H 29 NaO 3 S .
What is the chemical name of Tide?
After a great deal of trial and error, Byerly determined that the correct formula was one part active detergent, alkyl sulfate, to three parts builder, sodium tripolyphosphate.
What is the chemical composition of detergent powder?
The washing powder composition is prepared from 0.1-20.0% of mixed fatty acid, 0.1-15.0% of alkali neutralizer, 1.0-25.0% of non-ionic surface active agent, 1.0-25.0% of anionic surfactant, and 0.5-70% of other auxiliary agents and anhydrous sodium sulphate.
Who invented detergent?
The earliest recorded evidence of the production of soap-like materials dates back to around 2800 BC in ancient Babylon. German chemical companies developed an alkyl sulfate surfactant in 1917, in response to shortages of soap ingredients during the Allied Blockade of Germany during World War I.
What chemicals are in Tide Pods?
Formula Contains: Water, MEA-LAS (Cleaning Agent), MEA-Laureth Sulfate (Cleaning Agent), Propylene Glycol (Solvent), MEA Salts Of C12 18 Fatty Acids (Suds Reducer), Glycerine (Solvent), PEI Ethoxylate (Cleaning Agent), C12-16 Pareth (Cleaning Agent), PEG-136 Polyvinyl Alcohol (Soil Release Polymer), Dipropylene Glycol ...
Does Tide have chlorine?
The answer is "No, Tide detergent doesn't have bleach?" They can remove stains without damaging the color or fabric. Tide laundry detergent contains an ingredient that neutralizes the chlorine in your water so it won't fade your clothes, so you can use it for all your activities.
What is the product description of Tide?
Our Products Tide's latest innovation features a multi-chamber liquid detergent. This design helps to clean, fight stains, and brighten your laundry in one, easy-to-use pac to... Learn More. High-Efficiency Detergent. When it comes to saving water, as well as using less detergent, Tide goes hand-in-hand with HE washers ...
Does Tide have Borax?
(Tide detergent does, in fact, contain the same chemical in Borax, so it's not really Borax-free.)
Q.1. What are examples of Detergents?
Ans: Laundry and fabric softeners, all-purpose cleaners, and combinations for soaking(pre-washing), rinsing, or bleaching are examples of common de...
Q.2. What are high-efficiency detergents?
Ans: High-efficiency (HE) laundry detergent is designed especially for high-efficiency washing machines, which use less water. (HE) Detergent provi...
Q.3. What is meant by detergents in chemistry?
Ans: A detergent is a sodium salt of long-chain benzene sulphonic acid or sodium salt of long-chain alkyl hydrogen sulfate, which has cleansing pro...
Q.4. How are detergents made up of?
Ans: Synthetic detergents are made by reacting petroleum hydrocarbons with concentrated sulphuric acid and converting them to their sodium salt.
Q.5. How are detergents works?
Ans: When an oily piece of cloth is dipped into a detergent solution, the Detergent’s hydrocarbon end bonds to the oily drop, and the polar end ori...
What is the classification of a detergent?
Detergents are classified according to the electrical charge they carry as anionic, cationic, or non-ionic.
What is the difference between cationic and non-ionic detergents?
Cationic detergents: Cationic detergents have a net positive electrical charge. The chemical structures of cationic detergents are similar to those of anionic detergents, but the sulfonate group is replaced by quaternary ammonium. Non-ionic detergents: Non-ionic detergents contain an uncharged hydrophilic group.
Why are detergents important in laundry?
The additives are necessary because detergents have a difficult time removing dyes, pigments, resins, and denatured proteins.
What are the different types of detergents?
Detergents are classified according to their electrical charge: 1 Anionic detergents: Anionic detergents have a net negative electrical charge. The liver produces bile acids, which are anionic detergents the body uses to digest and absorb fats. Commercial anionic detergents are usually alkylbenezesulfonates. The alkylbenzene is lipophilic and hydrophobic, so it can interact with fats and oils. The sulfonate is hydrophilic, so it can wash away soiling in water. Both linear and branched alkyl groups may be used, but detergents made with linear alkyl groups are more likely to be biodegradable. 2 Cationic detergents: Cationic detergents have a net positive electrical charge. The chemical structures of cationic detergents are similar to those of anionic detergents, but the sulfonate group is replaced by quaternary ammonium. 3 Non-ionic detergents: Non-ionic detergents contain an uncharged hydrophilic group. Usually, these compounds are based on a glycoside (sugar alcohol) or polyoxyethylene. Examples of non-ionic detergents include Triton, Tween, Brij, octyl thioglucoside, and maltoside. 4 Zwitterionic detergents: Zwitterionic detergents have equal numbers of +1 and -1 charges, so their net charge is 0. An example is CHAPS, which is 3- [ (3- ch olamidopropyl)dimethyl a mmonio]-1- p ropane s ulfonate.
Why was detergent invented?
An alkyl sulfate surfactant was formulated because the Allied Blockade of Germany in 1917 caused a shortage of soap-making ingredients. The word "detergent" comes from the Latin word "detergere," which means "to wipe away." Prior to the invention of detergent, washing soda or sodium carbonate was most often used for dishwashing and laundering clothing. In the United States, the first liquid dishwashing detergent was produced in the 1930s, while in Europe, the first detergent for this purpose (Teepol) was made in 1942. Laundry detergents came into use around the same time, although they were available in both solid and liquid forms. Both dishwashing and laundry detergent contain numerous other compounds, typically including enzymes, bleach, fragrances, dyes, fillers, and (for laundry detergent) optical brighteners. The additives are necessary because detergents have a difficult time removing dyes, pigments, resins, and denatured proteins. Reagent detergents for biology tend to be pure forms of the surfactants.
What is an anionic detergent?
Anionic detergents: Anionic detergents have a net negative electrical charge. The liver produces bile acids, which are anionic detergents the body uses to digest and absorb fats. Commercial anionic detergents are usually alkylbenezesulfonates. The alkylbenzene is lipophilic and hydrophobic, so it can interact with fats and oils. The sulfonate is hydrophilic, so it can wash away soiling in water. Both linear and branched alkyl groups may be used, but detergents made with linear alkyl groups are more likely to be biodegradable.
What is detergent in science?
A detergent is a surfactant or mixture of surfactants that has cleaning properties in dilute solution with water. A detergent is similar to soap, but with a general structure R-SO 4-, Na +, where R is a long-chain alkyl group.
How are synthetic detergents made?
Synthetic detergents are made by reacting petroleum hydrocarbons with concentrated sulphuric acid and converting them to their sodium salt. Long-chain alcohols are treated with strong sulphuric acid and then neutralized sulfate with alkali to make synthetic detergents.
Why are soapless soaps better than other soaps?
These are better cleansing agents because they do not form insoluble calcium and magnesium salt with hard water.
How many types of anionic detergents are there?
There are two types of anionic detergents:
What are the groups in soap called?
These are also called soapless soaps, detergents, Syndets, or non-soapy detergents.
What is detergent used for?
Detergent – Does this word sound familiar to you? Yes, this is the substance used in laundry and dishwashing to remove stains, grease, and oils from clothing, utensils. Read the article to learn more about detergents.
Why are soaps good for you?
Advantage of soaps: Soaps are biodegradable, so they do not produce pollution.
How to get oil out of a garage floor?
The detergents increase the softness of the water. On moss growing in the cracks of your steps, sidewalk, or driveway, sprinkle powdered Detergent. Allow it to be brown for a few days before brushing it out of the gaps with a broom.
What surfactants are used in detergents?
Anionic surfactants are used in composition of detergents. Cationic surfactants are used in compositions of laundry softeners and dishwashing rinse aids which are not good to use them together with detergents because they counter the detergents.
What is the formula for washing soda?
Continue Reading. Chemicals used in Detergent powder- Washing soda is a chemical compound with the formula Na2CO3 , known as sodium carbonate, and it's a salt of carbonic acid.
What is used to alkylate toluene?
In the post phosphate world the acyl chloride of vegetable oil is used to alkylate toluene in place of benzene, and the. Continue Reading.
What is detergent made of?
Besides each manufacturer have it’s own formula, actually the detergent is a mix of many different chemicals. They include surfactants, soaps, enzymes, perfumes, stabilizers, ‘builders’ (to adjust the pH and / or deal with water hardness), optical brighteners and sometimes bleach and activators (not chlorine bleach of course).
What is the most widely used tool for removing stains?
Anionic surfactant. Two of the most widely used tools for removing stains.
What is sodium percabonate used for?
Sodium percabonate is a bleaching agent used in detergents.
What is amphoteric surfactant?
Amphoteric surfactant. Used along with other surfactants to remove stains. Can be anionic, cationic or non-ionic.
Overview
Chemical classifications of detergents
Detergents are classified into four broad groupings, depending on the electrical charge of the surfactants.
Typical anionic detergents are alkylbenzene sulfonates. The alkylbenzene portion of these anions is lipophilic and the sulfonate is hydrophilic. Two varieties have been popularized, those with branched alkyl groups and those with linear alkyl g…
Definitions
The word detergent is derived from the Latin adjective detergens, from the verb detergere, meaning to wipe or polish off. Detergent is a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants with cleansing properties when in dilute solutions. However, conventionally, detergent is used to mean synthetic cleaning compounds as opposed to soap (a salt of the natural fatty acid), even though soap is also a detergent in the true sense. In domestic contexts, the term detergent refers to household …
Structure and properties
Detergents are a group of compounds with an amphiphilic structure, where each molecule has a hydrophilic (polar) head and a long hydrophobic (non-polar) tail. The hydrophobic portion of these molecules may be straight- or branched-chain hydrocarbons, or it may have a steroid structure. The hydrophilic portion is more varied, they may be ionic or non-ionic, and can range from a simple or a relatively elaborate structure. Detergents are surfactants since they can decrease the surface t…
History
Soap is known to be have been used as a surfactant for washing clothes since the Sumerian time in 2,500 B.C. In ancient Egypt, soda was used as a wash additive. In the 19th century, synthetic surfactants began to be created, for example from olive oil. Sodium silicate (water glass) was used in soap-making in the United States in the 1860s, and in 1876, Henkel sold a sodium silicate-based product that can be used with soap and marketed as a "universal detergent" (Universalwaschmit…
Major applications of detergents
One of the largest applications of detergents is for household and shop cleaning including dish washing and washing laundry. These detergents are commonly available as powders or concentrated solutions, and the formulations of these detergents are often complex mixtures of a variety of chemicals aside from surfactants, reflecting the diverse demands of the application and the highly c…
See also
• Cleavable detergent
• Dishwashing liquid
• Dispersant
• Green cleaning
• Hard-surface cleaner
External links
• About.com: How Do Detergents Clean
• Campbell tips for detergents chemistry, surfactants, and history related to laundry washing, destaining methods and soil.
• Formulation of Detergent