Which statement is correct about the use of calcium chloride in pediatric patients?
Routine administration of calcium chloride is not indicated during cardiac arrest in pediatric patients. Endotracheal drug administration is the least desirable route of drug administration in pediatric resuscitation. Recommended drug doses given by ET route are higher than the IV/IO route.
Is calcium chloride classified as a processing aid?
Ions like calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, and chloride are essential nutrients for biological processes. Available experimental data suggests there is no hazard concern for these chemicals.
What is the common household name for calcium chloride?
calcium carbonate. CaCO 3. Chalk, limestone and marble chips are good sources of solid calcium carbonate; some antacids are largely calcium carbonate. calcium chloride. CaCl 2. Much of the road salt (de-icer) used to de-ice roads in cold climates is calcium chloride. calcium hydroxide. Ca (OH) 2.
Is salt and calcium chloride the same?
The key difference between rock salt and calcium chloride is that as de-icing agents, calcium chloride is highly effective at lower temperatures than the effectiveness of rock salt at the same low temperature. Both rock salt and calcium chloride are important mainly as de-icing agents.
Is calcium chloride used in pediatric resuscitation?
Cardiac arrest: 60 mg/kg given as 0.6 mL/kg of 10% calcium gluconate solution, maximum 3 g (30 mL, 7 mmol) per dose; dilute in an equal amount of D5W or NS and give slow IV or IO push; repeat in 10 minutes if needed. Calcium chloride preferred if available and patient has central venous access.
Is calcium chloride safe for babies?
In canned vegetables, calcium chloride helps to keep the vegetables firm, preventing a mushy, unappetizing texture. Furthermore, it is used as a medication to treat low calcium in babies, children, and adults.
When are pediatric paddles used?
It is most appropriate to use a smaller “pediatric” sized paddles for shock delivery during manual defibrillation of pediatric patients if the patient weighs less than approximately 10kg or is less than 1 years of age.
Which of the following drugs should be routinely given to every child before endotracheal intubation?
Atropine sulfate, given for the indication of premedication for intubation, is typically given intravenously in a dose of 0.02 mg/kg per dose to a maximum of 0.5 mg/dose (American Heart Association 2011). Atropine may also be administered to reduce airway secretions.
What's calcium chloride used for?
Calcium Chloride is a mineral indicated in the immediate treatment of hypocalcemic tetany (abnormally low levels of calcium in the body that cause muscle spasm). Calcium chloride injection is also used in cardiac resuscitation, arrhythmias, hypermagnesemia, calcium channel blocker overdose, and beta-blocker overdose.
What is calcium chloride used for in medicine?
Calcium Chloride is a prescription medicine used to treat the symptoms of Hypocalcemia, Arrhythmias, Hypermagnesemia, Calcium Channel Blocker Overdose, and Beta-blocker Overdose. Calcium Chloride may be used alone or with other medications.
What should you do when using an AED on an infant or child under 8 years of age?
If neither is available, you may use an AED without a pediatric dose attenuator. If you are using an AED for an infant or for a child less than 8 years of age and the AED does not have child pads, you may use adult pads. Pads may need to be placed anterior and posterior so that they do not touch each other or overlap.
What pads should be used to defibrillate a pediatric patient weighing 7 kg?
Cardiac Science G5 The Cardiac Science Intellisense pediatric defibrillation pads are recommended for patients 8 years of age or younger, as well as adults who weigh less than 55 pounds (25kg).
What is the CPR ratio for a child?
Two-person CPR ratio for the child and infant will be 15 compressions to 2 breaths.
Why is atropine given before intubation?
Atropine is occasionally used as a premedication. Its anticholinergic effects reduce ACH-mediated bradycardia that can accompany endotracheal intubation. Etomidate is given IV over 30 to 60 seconds. Its actions are seen within 1 minute of IV administration.
Why is atropine used in pediatric intubation?
Bradycardia during rapid sequence intubation (RSI) is an uncommon but serious adverse effect encountered in pediatric intubations. Atropine has historically been used in the pediatric population as RSI premedication to prevent bradycardia, especially when using succinylcholine as an induction agent.
What are the 2 main drugs used in resuscitation?
Resuscitation drugs - Adrenaline - to improve coronary and cerebral bloodflow. - Amiodarone - an antiarrhythmic.
How to help a child with drug problems?
General drug facts. If your child’s symptoms or health problems do not get better or if they become worse, call your child’s doctor. Do not share your child’s drug with others and do not give anyone else’s drug to your child. Keep all drugs in a safe place. Keep all drugs out of the reach of children and pets.
What are the symptoms of high calcium levels?
Signs of high calcium levels like weakness, confusion, feeling tired, headache, upset stomach and throwing up, constipation, or bone pain. Dizziness or passing out. A heartbeat that does not feel normal. Back pain, belly pain, or blood in the urine. May be signs of a kidney stone.
Why is a sulfate based diet good for children?
It is used to treat or prevent low calcium levels. It is used to protect the heart from high potassium levels. It is used to protect the heart and lungs from high magnesium levels. It may be given to your child for other reasons. Talk with the doctor.
What to do if your child is pregnant?
If your child is pregnant or breast-feeding a baby: Talk with the doctor if your child is pregnant, becomes pregnant, or is breast-feeding a baby. You will need to talk about the benefits and risks to your child and the baby.
Can you take aluminum with a child?
This drug may contain aluminum. There is a chance of aluminum toxicity if your child is on this drug for a long time. The risk is greater if your child has kidney problems. The risk is also higher in premature infants. Talk with the doctor.
Can you give a child a drug without checking?
You must check to make sure that it is safe to give this drug with all of your child’s other drugs and health problems. Do not start, stop, or change the dose of any drug your child takes without checking with the doctor.
BLS Considerations During PALS
Pediatric advanced life support (PALS) usually takes place in the setting of an organized response in an advanced healthcare environment. In these circumstances, multiple responders are rapidly mobilized and are capable of simultaneous coordinated action.
Monitoring
Monitor cardiac rhythm as soon as possible so both normal and abnormal cardiac rhythms are identified and followed. Continuous monitoring is helpful in tracking responses to treatment and changes in clinical condition.
Emergency Fluids and Medications
In the out-of-hospital setting, a child's weight is often unknown, and even experienced personnel may not be able to estimate it accurately.
Medications (See Table 1)
Adenosine causes a temporary atrioventricular (AV) nodal conduction block and interrupts reentry circuits that involve the AV node. The drug has a wide safety margin because of its short half-life. Adenosine should be given only IV or IO, followed by a rapid saline flush to promote drug delivery to the central circulation.
Pulseless Arrest
In the text below, box numbers identify the corresponding step in the algorithm ( Figure 1 ).
Defibrillators
Defibrillators are either manual or automated (AED), with monophasic or biphasic waveforms. For further information see Part 6, “Electrical Therapies: Automated External Defibrillators, Defibrillation, Cardioversion, and Pacing.”
Special Resuscitation Situations
There appears to be no clinically important difference in survival of children who are treated for septic shock with colloid compared with those who are treated with isotonic crystalloid solutions.
How does a child's heart rate change?
The child begins to move his head and suddenly becomes cyanotic, and his heart rate decreases. His spO2 is 65%. You remove the child from the mechanical ventilator and begin to provide manual ventilation with a bag via the endotracheal tube. During manual ventilation with 100% oxygen, the child's color and heart rate improve slightly ...
What is an 8-month-old in the emergency department?
An 8mo infant is brought to the emergency department for evaluation of severe diarrhea and dehydration. On arrival to the emergency department, the infant becomes unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. You shout for help and start CPR. Another provider arrives, at which point you switch to 2-rescuer CPR. The rhythm shown here is seen on the cardiac monitor. The infant is intubated and ventilated with with 100% oxygen. An IO line is established, and a dose of epinephrine is given. While continuing high-quality CPR, what do you do next?
What is the respiratory rate of an 18-month-old?
The child's respiratory rate has decreased from 65/min to 10/min, severe inspiratory intercostal retractions are present, heart rate is 160/min, spO2 is 65% on room air, and capillary refill is less than 2 seconds. Which are the most immediate interventions for this toddler
What is the heart rate of a bradycardia infant?
Gravity. You are called to help treat an infant with severe symptomatic bradycardia (heart rate 66/min) associated with respiratory distress. The bradycardia persists despite establishment of an effective airway, oxygenation, and ventilation. There is no heart block present.
What is the respiratory rate of a 3 year old with diarrhea?
A pale and very sleepy but arousable 3yo child with a hx of diarrhea is brought to the hospital. Primary assessment reveals a respiratory rate of 45/min with good breath sounds bilaterally
Can fluids be administered without swelling?
Fluids can be administered freely without local soft tissue swelling."
What is an 8-month-old's diagnosis?
An 8-month infant is brought to the emergency department for evaluation of severe diarrhea and dehydration. On arrival to the ER, the infant becomes unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. You shout for help and start CPR. Another provider arrives at which point you switch to 2-rescuer CPR. The rhythm shown here is seen on the cardiac monitor. The infant is intubated and ventilated with 100% oxygen. An IO line is established, and a dose of epinephrine is given. While continuing high-quality CPR, what do you do next?
What is the respiratory rate of a 3-year-old?
A pale and very sleepy but arousable 3-year-old with a history of diarrhea is brought to the hospital. Primary assessment reveals a respiratory rate of 45/min with good breath sounds bilaterally. Heart rate is 150/min, blood pressure is 90/64 mmHg and SpO2 is 92% on room air. Capillary refill is 5 seconds, and peripheral pulses are weak. After placing the child on a nonrebreathing face mask (10-L/min flow) with 100% oxygen and obtaining vascular access, which is the most appropriate immediate treatment for this child?