Proptosis can describe any organ that is displaced forward, while exophthalmos refers to only the eyes. [ 1] Proptosis can include any directional forward displacement. Henderson reserves the use of the word exophthalmos for those cases of proptosis secondary to endocrinological dysfunction. [ 2]
What is proptosis (exophthalmos)?
Proptosis, also known as exophthalmos, is a bulging of one or both of the eyes. While some people naturally have eyes that appear to bulge, due to normal variations in human anatomy, others develop proptosis as a result of various health conditions.
What is exophthalmos only for the eyes?
Proptosis 1 Terminology. Exophthalmos also describes forward protrusion of the globe. Proptosis can also be used for other viscera (although rarely seen in contemporaneous usage), but exophthalmos only for the eyes. 2 Pathology 3 Radiographic features. The thickness of the extraocular muscles can also be used 1. ...
What is the difference between proptosis and normal eyes?
Proptosis can result in the bulging out of one eye (unilateral) or both eyes (bilateral). In normal eyes, the white part of the eye between the top of the iris (the colored part of the eye) and the upper eyelid is not visible.
What is proptosis?
Proptosis is the medical term for bulging eyes. Graves disease is the most common cause of proptosis, but other, more serious causes, exist as well.
What is an exophthalmos?
Bulging eyes (exophthalmos) could be a sign of a problem with your thyroid gland. It can be treated, but get it checked quickly as your vision can be affected.
What is the difference between exophthalmos and Buphthalmos?
Exophthalmos is a normal-sized globe that is being pushed forward by a space occupying lesion in the orbit, most commonly a retrobulbar abscess/cellulitis or neoplasia. Buphthalmos, on the other hand, is a normally-positioned globe that is enlarged due to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), i.e., glaucoma.
What causes exophthalmos eyes?
Exophthalmos is not a condition, but the sign of a disorder. Commonly, it can signal a problem with the thyroid gland. Graves' disease is the most common cause of exophthalmos.
Is thyroid eye disease the same as exophthalmos?
Exophthalmos, also known as proptosis, is a medical term for a bulging or protruding eyeball or eyeballs. It's most often caused by thyroid eye disease. See your GP or an optometrist (optician) if you notice that one or both of your eyes are protruding.
How do you test for exophthalmos?
Exophthalmos may be seen on examination and quantified using an exophthalmometer, whereby the extent is measured by the distance from the corneal apex to the midpoint of the anterior rim of the orbit. [10] It may be accompanied by other extraocular and systemic signs relevant to systemic causes.
How do you know you have proptosis?
The reference line for measurement of proptosis is the interzygomatic line (a line is drawn at the anterior portions of the zygomatic bones): the upper limit of normal distance from this line to the anterior surface of the globe is 23 mm, above which indicates proptosis.
How do you manage exophthalmos?
Treatment for bulging eyeseye drops.antibiotics.corticosteroids to ease inflammation.eye surgery.surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation to treat cancerous tumors.
Why does hyperthyroidism cause proptosis?
Thyroid-associated orbitopathy is the most common cause of unilateral and bilateral proptosis in adults. Proptosis or exophthalmos occurs, because the orbital contents are confined within the bony orbit, and decompression can only occur anteriorly.
Which of the following diseases is characterized by exophthalmos?
exophthalmos, also spelled exophthalmus, also called proptosis, abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs. The most common cause for unilateral or bilateral exophthalmos is thyroid eye disease, or Graves ophthalmopathy.
What is the most common cause of Proptosis?
What are the most common causes of proptosis? The most common cause of bulging eyes is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system attacks cells in the thyroid gland and the tissue behind the eye. Proptosis in people with thyroid issues is also called thyroid eye disease.
What are the first signs of thyroid eye disease?
Early symptoms of thyroid eye disease are itching, watering or dry eyes and a feeling of grittiness of the eyes. Some people may notice a swelling around the eyelids and sometimes the front of the eye becomes swollen.
Is exophthalmos reversible?
Exophthalmos is one of the commonest manifestations of Graves' associated ophthalmopathy. It is reported to regress after thyroidectomy favourably compared to radioiodine or antithyroid drug therapy.
Is buphthalmos and congenital glaucoma same?
Buphthalmos describes congenital glaucoma with globe enlargement associated with a developmental disorder of the iridocorneal drainage angle (goniodysgenesis).
What is buphthalmos of in dog?
Buphthalmos is an exclusive sign of chronic glaucoma in adult dogs, but this is often confused with exophthalmos. The latter is anterior globe displacement due to a space occupying orbital mass. In this situation, the globe is typically normal in most ways apart from being anteriorly displaced.
What is Phthisis Bulbi?
Phthisis bulbi is an clinical condition representing end-stage ocular response to severe eye injury or disease damage, related to a variety of causes leading to scarring, inflammation, scaring, atrophy and eventually disorganization of the globe and intraocular contents.
What is Sclerocornea?
Sclerocornea is a static congenital condition in which the cornea is opaque and vascularized and resembles the sclera. The novel finding of sclerocornea suggests that a genetic locus at 22q11. 2 may be involved in anterior segment embryogenesis.
What does it mean when your eyelids move fast?
If your eyelids move as fast as your eyeballs when you look down, or you appear to be staring, it could indicate Graves disease .
Can proptosis cause permanent vision loss?
Because the eyelids may not be able to close completely during normal blinking or sleeping, the cornea may dry out significantly. This dryness is not only uncomfortable but can also cause scarring which could lead to permanent vision loss.
What is the difference between proptosis and exophthalmos?
proptosis and exophthalmos are often used interchangeably. exophthalmos used to refer to severe (>18 mm) proptosis 5. exophthalmos used to refer to endocrine-related proptosis 6. Proptosis can also be used for other viscera (although rarely seen in contemporaneous usage), but exophthalmos only for the eyes.
Where does proptosis originate?
The causes of proptosis are broad and include a wide range of mass lesions that originate within the cranium, sinuses, paranasal spaces, and orbit 3:
What causes uni/bilateral proptosis?
The causes of proptosis are broad and include a wide range of mass lesions that originate within the cranium, sinuses, paranasal spaces, and orbit 3: thyroid orbitopathy (the most common cause of uni/bilateral proptosis in adults) infection. orbital cellulitis.
What is the term for forward protrusion of the globe with respect to the orbit?
Proptosis (rare plural: proptoses) refers to forward protrusion of the globe with respect to the orbit. There are many causes of proptosis which can be divided according to location and it is worth remembering that it is not just orbital disease processes that cause proptosis.
What is the reference line for measuring proptosis?
The reference line for measurement of proptosis is the interzygomatic line (a line is drawn at the anterior portions of the zygomatic bones ):
Can proptosis be used for other viscera?
Proptosis can also be used for other viscera (although rarely seen in contemporaneous usage), but exophthalmos only for the eyes.
