Sounding is the measured height of the fluid from the surface of the fluid to the bottom of the tank. Ullage is the void space in the tank measured from the top of the tank to the upper surface of the fluid. Ullage is measured when the content of a tank is highly viscous and if the tank is filled to the maximum.
How do you take sounding and ullage?
When measuring level by ullage method, the sounding tape is inserted only till the bob/ tape touches some part of the fluid top surface. Instead of measuring the whole depth of the tank, only the free space (from the top of sounding pipe to liquid surface) is measured (Check Figure).
What is the purpose of a sounding pipe?
Sounding pipes are small-bore mild steel pipes used to measure the quantity of fluid in a tank or a hold bilge. The pipe allows a tape or sounding rod to pass through to the bottom of a tank or hold. Deck sounding pipes pass through the weather deck and are fitted with screw-down caps.
What is sounding in nautical terms?
Depth sounding, often simply called sounding, is measuring the depth of a body of water. Data taken from soundings are used in bathymetry to make maps of the floor of a body of water, such as the seabed topography.
How do you take a sounding?
Manual procedure to take a sounding using sounding tapeOpen the cap of sounding pipe.Lower the sounding tape lower the bob until it touches the bottom (the striker plate)Heave up the sounding tape and note the height of the liquid on the tape.
What is the purpose of taking ullage?
Ullage is the volume which is left empty in a tank so that there is space for the liquid in the tank to expand. The air space between the oil surface and the top of the tank is known as ullage. Keeping the fuel storage tank full at all times keeps the ullage at the top of the tank to a minimum.
What are the two types of sounding?
Sound has two basic forms: acoustic energy and mechanical energy. Each type of sound has to be tackled in their own way. Acoustic energy or sound is what we experience every day. It is in fact vibration of air (sound waves) which is transformed by the tympanic membrane in the ear of human to audible sounds.
Why do ships Honk 3 times?
Two short blasts tell other boaters, “I intend to pass you on my right (starboard) side.” Three short blasts tell other boaters, “I am operating astern propulsion.” For some vessels, this tells other boaters, “I am backing up.”
What does 4 honks on a boat mean?
prepares to depart the dock the skipper gives four blasts on the horn to alert local boaters they are getting underway.
Why is it called sounding a tank?
In nautical terms, the word sound is used to describe the process of determining the depth of water in a tank or under a ship. Tanks are sounded to determine if they are full (for cargo tanks) or empty (to determine if a ship has been holed) and for other reasons.
What is the relation between ullage and sounding of tank?
Sounding is the measured height of the fluid from the surface of the fluid to the bottom of the tank. Ullage is the void space in the tank measured from the top of the tank to the upper surface of the fluid. Ullage is measured when the content of a tank is highly viscous and if the tank is filled to the maximum.
How many methods of sounding are there?
four methodsThere are four methods are there to locate the soundings by: Conning the survey vessel. Observations with theodolite or sextant. Theodolite angles and EDM distances from the shore.
How did old sailing ships measure depth?
One of the oldest navigation tools, leadlines were used to determine the depth of the water under the ship. A leadline is a long rope with a lead weight attached at the end. Sailors dropped the line and recorded how much line it took to reach the bottom of the ocean.
What is a sounding weight used for?
Ancient mariners used sounding-weights, the oldest known marine navigational instrument, not only to determine the depth of water, but also to bring up samples of the bottom, comparing the result with their knowledge of coastal geography and river behavior.
Why is it called a sounding line?
The word “sounding,” meaning the measurement of water depth, comes from an Old English word meaning water or sea and has nothing to do with audible sound. For riverboat workers on the Mississippi, however, there was a time when sounding the water depth literally involved sound—you could even call it song.
What is air and sounding pipe?
Air pipes are provided for all tanks to prevent air being trapped under pressure in the tank when it is filled, or a vacuum being created when it is emptied. The air pipes may be fitted at the opposite end of the tank to the filling pipe and/or at the highest point of the tank.
What is ullage in beer?
By further extension, in brewing and beer retail, ullage is the residue of beer left in a barrel that has been emptied. When calculating tax returns and the like, licensed premises owners, landlords or managers can factor in the duty on ullage, or unavoidable barrel wastage. Ullage therefore has come to be used as a general term, in the licensed trade, for waste beer whether at the barrel or at the bar tap or pump. However, what customers leave in their glasses does not count as ullage, because it has been sold.
Why is ullage used in wine?
It is also applied to the unfilled air space at the top of a bottle of wine, which in this case is essential to allow for expansion of the contents as the temperature changes.
How many sets of ullage motors are there on the Saturn V rocket?
Three sets of ullage motors are shown in this schematic of the Saturn V rocket.
What is the sounding tape value?
The sounding tape value is later used in calculation of the final sounding value, which is derived using the sounding table taking the list and trim of the ship into account and the temperature at which the fluid (specifically for oil) is stored (As density of oil is effected by temperature).
What is the final sounding value of a ship?
The final sounding value of the tank is the total quantity of fluid (oil, bilge, sludge, or water) inside a ship’s tank. The initial process is to first measure the depth of the fluid from the surface to the bottom of the tank by using sounding tape.
Why is the sounding value of an oil storage tank not in use?
An oil storage tank which is not in use if shows decrease in the sounding value, it might be due to open/ malfunctioning valve of the tank or due to leakage from the tank. Also, the sounding values of service tanks in engine room are used to determine the fuel/ lube consumption of machinery.
How does a sensor work in sounding?
In electronic sounding, a sensor is used which senses the pressure inside the sounding pipe or by sensing the tank pressure and sends a signal to the receiver. Here the signal is translated to the tank’s content value with the help of a PLC circuit. The value is displayed using electrical operated servo gauge or electrical capacitance gauge.
How often do service tanks and sump tanks need to be sounded?
The service tanks and sump tanks levels are maintained by filling them up with appropriate fluid using storage tanks, which are sounded once in a day.