Rayleigh wave
Rayleigh waves are a type of surface acoustic wave that travel on solids. They can be produced in materials in many ways, such as by a localized impact or by piezo-electric transduction, and are frequently used in non-destructive testing for detecting defects. They are part of the seismic w…
How fast are Love waves compared to Rayleigh waves?
· What is the difference of Love wave and Rayleigh wave? Love waves (do not propagate through water) can effect surface water only insofar as the sides of lakes and ocean bays pushing water sideways like the sides of a vibrating tank, whereas Rayleigh waves , becasuse of their vertical component of their motion can affect the bodies of water such as …
What is the difference between a Rayleigh wave and water wave?
· Love waves and Rayleigh waves are both guided waves. Love waves occur in a thin plate, while Rayleigh waves are a combination of transverse and longitudinal waves on the surface of a half-space.
What are Rayleigh waves and Love waves in civil services?
Rayleigh wave is a seismic surface wave in an elliptical motion. Love wave always produces an entirely horizontal motion. Select the correct ones. 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Answer: C The above details would help candidates prepare for UPSC 2022. Related Links
What is a love wave?
· The speed with which both types of waves circle the globe is truly mind boggling. Love waves race around the Earth at almost 10,000 miles per hour. Their relatives, the Rayleigh waves, lag behind slightly, but still speed at about 7800 miles an hour. It seems that only the International Space Station is faster.
Are Rayleigh waves and Love waves both body waves?
They form a distinct class, different from other types of seismic waves, such as P-waves and S-waves (both body waves), or Rayleigh waves (another type of surface wave). Love waves travel with a lower velocity than P- or S- waves, but faster than Rayleigh waves.
How are Love and Rayleigh waves similar?
Love and Rayleigh waves are guided by the free surface of the Earth. They follow along after the P and S waves have passed through the body of the planet. Both Love and Rayleigh waves involve horizontal particle motion, but only the latter type has vertical ground…
Which is more destructive Love or Rayleigh?
Answer and Explanation: While both types of surface waves are dangerous, Love waves cause more damage than Rayleigh waves.
What is the motion of Love wave?
A Love wave is a surface wave having a horizontal motion that is transverse (or perpendicular) to the direction the wave is traveling.
What is the characteristics of Rayleigh waves?
Rayleigh wave is a secondary wave characterized by low frequency and strong energy, propagating mainly along the interface of medium and rapid attenuation of energy with increase in interface distance. The same as reflected wave and refracted wave, Rayleigh wave also contain subsurface geological information.
Why is it called a Love wave?
Of the two surface seismic waves, Love waves—named after the British seismologist A.E.H. Love, who first predicted their existence—travel faster.
Why are Rayleigh waves slower than Love waves?
Rayleigh waves are the slowest of all the seismic wave types and in some ways the most complicated. Like Love waves they are dispersive so the particular speed at which they travel depends on the wave period and the near-surface geologic structure, and they also decrease in amplitude with depth.
Do Love or Rayleigh waves cause more damage Why?
Answer and Explanation: Love waves cause more damage than Rayleigh waves, but both are highly destructive because they occur near the surface of the Earth.
Why Rayleigh wave is destructive?
Love waves move back and forth horizontally. Rayleigh waves cause both vertical and horizontal ground motion. These can be the most destructive waves as they roll along lifting and dropping the ground as they pass.
What are the speeds of Rayleigh and Love waves?
Love waves race around the Earth at almost 10,000 miles per hour. Their relatives, the Rayleigh waves, lag behind slightly, but still speed at about 7800 miles an hour. It seems that only the International Space Station is faster.
What are the properties of Love waves?
Love waves are a major type of surface wave having a horizontal motion that is shear or transverse to the direction of propagation. The velocity of propagation of any body wave in any homogeneous, isotropic material is determined by the elastic moduli and densities of the material through which it passes.
What is Rayleigh wave?
A Rayleigh wave is a seismic surface wave producing the sudden shake in an elliptical motion, with no crosswise or perpendicular motion. It moves along the ground just like a wave moves across a lake or an ocean.
What is love wave?
Love wave is also a seismic surface wave led to the horizontal shifting of the earth during an earthquake. Confined to the surface of the crust Love waves always produce entirely horizontal motion.
How are body waves generated?
Body waves are generated due to the release of energy at the focus and move in all directions traveling through the interior of the earth. Body waves are also of two types –. P Waves – the longitudinal or compressional waves, analogous to sound waves, move faster and are the first to arrive at the surface.
What are the two types of waves?
Body waves are also of two types –. P Waves – the longitudinal or compressional waves, analogous to sound waves, move faster and are the first to arrive at the surface. S Waves – the transverse or distortional waves, analogous to water ripples or light waves, arrive at the surface with some time lag. These are high-frequency waves and travel ...
Why does an earthquake shake?
The greater part of the shaking felt from an earthquake is because of the Rayleigh wave, which can be considerably bigger than other waves. Because it rolls, it moves the ground up and down and side-to-side in the same direction that the wave is moving.
How fast are love waves?
Love waves race around the Earth at almost 10,000 miles per hour. Their relatives, the Rayleigh waves, lag behind slightly, but still speed at about 7800 miles an hour. It seems that only the International Space Station is faster.
What is the motion of a wave in water?
In a water wave, each particle makes a circular motion in the direction of the propagation of the wave. In a Rayleigh wave, the particles make an elliptical movement against the propagation direction. Hence, their motion is retrograde (see Figure 1).
What is love wave?
Love waves are a major type of surface wave having a horizontal motion that is shear or transverse to the direction of propagation. The velocity of propagation of any body wave in any homogeneous, isotropic material is determined by the elastic moduli and densities of the material through which it passes. The traditional seismic survey uses only ...
How are Rayleigh waves formed?
Rayleigh waves are formed when the particle motion is a combination of both longitudinal and transverse vibration giving rise to an elliptical retrograde motion in the vertical plane along the direction of travel. Love waves are a major type of surface wave having a horizontal motion that is shear or transverse to the direction of propagation.
What is seismic wave?
Each seismic wave transmits energy spanning a range of frequencies, and the ground motion produced by the same wave may have a different appearance depending on the characteristics of the recording system. A seismic signal in one frequency band may not accurately represent the behavior in other frequency bands.
What is R1 and R2?
R1 and R2, are Rayleigh waves traveling along the minor and major arcs of the great circle from source to station, respective ly; R3 is the next passage of the R1 and R4 is the next passage of the R2 wave after circling the entire globe (modified from an IRIS poster). View chapter Purchase book. Read full chapter.
What is Rayleigh wave?
Jump to navigation Jump to search. Rayleigh waves are a type of surface acoustic wave that travel along the surface of solids. They can be produced in materials in many ways, such as by a localized impact or by piezo-electric transduction, and are frequently used in non-destructive testing for detecting defects.
What type of wave is a Rayleigh wave?
Rayleigh wave. Rayleigh waves are a type of surface acoustic wave that travel along the surface of solids. They can be produced in materials in many ways, such as by a localized impact or by piezo-electric transduction, and are frequently used in non-destructive testing for detecting defects. Rayleigh waves are part of the seismic waves ...
How do Rayleigh waves affect earthquakes?
Because Rayleigh waves are surface waves , the amplitude of such waves generated by an earthquake generally decreases exponentially with the depth of the hypocenter (focus). However, large earthquakes may generate Rayleigh waves that travel around the Earth several times before dissipating.
How fast do Rayleigh waves travel?
Rayleigh waves emanating outward from the epicenter of an earthquake travel along the surface of the earth at about 10 times the speed of sound in air (0.340 km/s), that is ~3 km/s. Due to their higher speed, the P- and S-waves generated by an earthquake arrive before the surface waves.
How are Rayleigh waves used?
Low frequency Rayleigh waves generated during earthquakes are used in seismology to characterise the Earth 's interior. In intermediate ranges, Rayleigh waves are used in geophysics and geotechnical engineering for the characterisation of oil deposits. These applications are based on the geometric dispersion of Rayleigh waves and on the solution of an inverse problem on the basis of seismic data collected on the ground surface using active sources (falling weights, hammers or small explosions, for example) or by recording microtremors. Rayleigh ground waves are important also for environmental noise and vibration control since they make a major contribution to traffic-induced ground vibrations and the associated structure-borne noise in buildings.
What type of wave travels near the surface of solids?
Rayleigh waves are a type of surface wave that travel near the surface of solids. Rayleigh waves include both longitudinal and transverse motions that decrease exponentially in amplitude as distance from the surface increases. There is a phase difference between these component motions. The existence of Rayleigh waves was predicted in 1885 by Lord ...