what is the elemental form of chlorine

What element combines easily with chlorine?

Chlorine is a member of group 17 of the periodic table, which also contains fluorine, bromine, iodine and astatine. Hydrogen gas combines easily with chlorine to form hydrogen chloride (HCl); the reaction is explosive in the presence of sunlight.

What are elements more similar to chlorine?

Thus other elements in the same column of the periodic table as chlorine will have similar properties. Elements in this column form what is called the Halogen series, which is composed of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. Which element is chemically similar to lithium?

Which element would have physical and chemical properties similar to chlorine?

Properties of Chlorine – Cl Chlorine is the second halogen in the periodic table, being a nonmetal in group 17. Hence, its properties are similar to fluorine, bromine, and iodine, and are generally intermediate among those of the first two.

Is chlorine considered to be a compound or an element?

Chlorine is in group 17 of periodic table, also called the halogens, and is not found as the element in nature - only as a compound. The most common of these being salt, or sodium chloride , and the potassium compounds sylvite (or potassium chloride ) and carnallite (potassium magnesium chloride hexahydrate).

See more

Is elemental chlorine Cl2?

Elemental chlorine (Cl2 gas) and hypochlorites (OCl−) that function as bleaching agents hydrolyze to produce hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in aqueous solution according to the equilibria in reactions (1) and (2).

Is chloride a Cl or CI?

Chlorine is a chemical element with symbol Cl and atomic number 17.

Is Cl2 chlorine or chloride?

Chlorine | Cl2 - PubChem.

Why is chlorine Cl2 and not Cl?

Explanation: We write chlorine as CL2 because chlorine is a non metallic gas . Also as chlorine is a gas it occurs in diatomic form as cl2 such as hydrogen(h2).

What is CI in periodic table?

Chlorine - Element information, properties and uses | Periodic Table.

What is the difference between Cl and Cl2?

Chlorine is a chemical element having the symbol Cl and atomic number 17. Cl2 is a molecule consisting of two atoms whereas Cl3 is an anion consisting of three atoms. Hence, Cl3 has a negative electrical charge, but Cl2 is neutral.

What does CI ion tell us?

CI facilitates the ability to detect the molecular ion peak, due to less extensive fragmentation. [3] Chemical ionization can also be used to identify and quantify an analyte present in a sample, by coupling chromatographic separation techniques to CI.

What is the common name of chloride?

Sodium chlorideNamesIUPAC name Sodium chlorideOther names Common salt halite rock salt saline table salt regular salt sea saltIdentifiersCAS Number7647-14-553 more rows

What is the name of the element that is used to describe chlorine?

This term was later used as a generic term to describe all the elements in the chlorine family (fluorine, bromine, iodine), after a suggestion by Jöns Jakob Berzelius in 1826.

How many isotopes of chlorine are there?

Chlorine has two stable isotopes, 35 Cl and 37 Cl. These are its only two natural isotopes occurring in quantity, with 35 Cl making up 76% of natural chlorine and 37 Cl making up the remaining 24%. Both are synthesised in stars in the oxygen-burning and silicon-burning processes. Both have nuclear spin 3/2+ and thus may be used for nuclear magnetic resonance, although the spin magnitude being greater than 1/2 results in non-spherical nuclear charge distribution and thus resonance broadening as a result of a nonzero nuclear quadrupole moment and resultant quadrupolar relaxation. The other chlorine isotopes are all radioactive, with half-lives too short to occur in nature primordially. Of these, the most commonly used in the laboratory are 36 Cl ( t1/2 = 3.0×10 5 y) and 38 Cl ( t1/2 = 37.2 min), which may be produced from the neutron activation of natural chlorine.

Why is chlorine used in swimming pools?

Several catastrophic collapses of swimming pool ceilings have occurred from chlorine- induced stress corrosion cracking of stainless steel suspension rods . Some polymers are also sensitive to attack, including acetal resin and polybutene. Both materials were used in hot and cold water domestic plumbing, and stress corrosion cracking caused widespread failures in the US in the 1980s and 1990s.

Why are chlorocarbons denser than water?

Chlorination modifies the physical properties of hydrocarbons in several ways: chlorocarbons are typically denser than water due to the higher atomic weight of chlorine versus hydrogen, and aliphatic organochlorides are alkylating agents because chloride is a leaving group.

How many valence electrons does chlorine have?

Chlorine has the electron configuration [Ne]3s 2 3p 5, with the seven electrons in the third and outermost shell acting as its valence electrons. Like all halogens, it is thus one electron short of a full octet, and is hence a strong oxidising agent, reacting with many elements in order to complete its outer shell.

What is the symbol for chlorine?

talk. edit. | references. Chlorine is a chemical element with the symbol Cl and atomic number 17. The second-lightest of the halogens, it appears between fluorine and bromine in the periodic table and its properties are mostly intermediate between them. Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature.

Why is HCl a strong acid?

Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid (p Ka = −7) because the hydrogen bonds to chlorine are too weak to inhibit dissociation. The HCl/H 2 O system has many hydrates HCl· n H 2 O for n = 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. Beyond a 1:1 mixture of HCl and H 2 O, the system separates completely into two separate liquid phases.

Where is chlorine found?

Chlorine is also found in the minerals carnallite (magnesium potassium chloride) and sylvite (potassium chloride). 40 million tonnes of chlorine gas are made each year from the electrolysis of brine (sodium chloride solution). This process also produces useful sodium hydroxide.

What is chlorine used for?

Uses. Chlorine kills bacteria – it is a disinfectant. It is used to treat drinking water and swimming pool water. It is also used to make hundreds of consumer products from paper to paints, and from textiles to insecticides.

Why is chlorine yellow?

Uses and properties. Image explanation. The symbol shows a gas mask. This is because chlorine is a toxic gas, and has been used as a chemical weapon. Chlorine is yellowy-green in colour, as is the image. Appearance. A yellowy-green dense gas with a choking smell. Uses. Chlorine kills bacteria – it is a disinfectant.

How does chlorine react with an alkane?

In the first of these, the photochemical substitution reaction, chlorine reacts with an alkane by replacing one of the hydrogen atoms attached to a carbon forming a chloroalkane.

How are elements organized into blocks?

Elements are organised into blocks by the orbital type in which the outer electrons are found. These blocks are named for the characteristic spectra they produce: sharp (s), principal (p), diffuse (d), and fundamental (f). The number of protons in an atom.

What is a vertical column in the periodic table?

A vertical column in the periodic table. Members of a group typically have similar properties and electron configurations in their outer shell. A horizontal row in the periodic table.

When was HCl first discovered?

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) was known to the alchemists. The gaseous element itself was first produced in 1774 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele at Uppsala, Sweden, by heating hydrochloric acid with the mineral pyrolusite which is naturally occuring manganese dioxide, MnO 2.

What are the properties of chlorine?

Chlorine is an element with unique properties 1 Elemental chlorine gas (Cl 2) is a yellow-green gas at room temperature and has a pungent odor similar to bleach even at very low concentrations. 2 Chlorine has an atomic number of 17 and an atomic mass of 35.45, meaning that an atom of chlorine consists of 17 protons, 17 electrons, and 18 neutrons. 3 As a member of the halogen family on the Periodic Table, chlorine is very reactive with metals and forms salts. This is because halogens have seven outer ring electrons (“valence electrons”) but need eight to form a stable configuration. Metals will ionically bond with chlorine and yield an electron to halogens, forming a stable “octet.” 4 The chloride ion (Cl –) forms a covalent bond with itself to form Cl 2 gas in its pure form. 5 Chlorine’s boiling point is -35⁰C (-31⁰F), and its melting point is -101⁰C (-149.8⁰F). The density of chlorine is 13.0 lb/gal, making it denser than air. The high density of chlorine gas causes it to sink if released into the ambient environment.

How is chlorine made?

Elemental chlorine gas (Cl 2) is manufactured using the chlor-alkali process, which uses electrolysis to transform highly concentrated salt water (brine) into chlorine, sodium hydroxide, and hydrogen. Commercial sources of chlorine utilize seawater, various brines, and ocean-derived mineral deposits of salts known as “evaporite minerals.”.

Why is chlorine bleach used on food?

Food safety—Sanitizes food contact surfaces, and dilute chlorine bleach solutions are sometimes sprayed on fresh produce to reduce spoilage and the potential growth of pathogens.

How many protons does chlorine have?

Chlorine has an atomic number of 17 and an atomic mass of 35.45, meaning that an atom of chlorine consists of 17 protons, 17 electrons, and 18 neutrons. As a member of the halogen family on the Periodic Table, chlorine is very reactive with metals and forms salts. This is because halogens have seven outer ring electrons (“valence electrons”) ...

What is the most common element in the Earth's crust?

Prevalent on our planet and beyond. Chlorine is the 19 th most common element in the earth’s crust, at a prevalence of 1.45 x 10 2 milligrams per kilogram. In the ocean, chlorine is the third most common element, at a prevalence of 1.94 x 10 4 milligrams per kilogram of water.

What is hydrochloric acid?

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)—A strong acid, hydrochloric acid is extremely useful for titration, reacting with unknown bases to determine their composition. Hydrochloric acid also has many uses including processing steel and food products like gelatin and sugar, and producing batteries.

What is the boiling point of chlorine?

Chlorine’s boiling point is -35⁰C (-31⁰F), and its melting point is -101⁰C (-149.8⁰F). The density of chlorine is 13.0 lb/gal, making it denser than air. The high density of chlorine gas causes it to sink if released into the ambient environment.

What is chlorine gas?

Chlorine appears as a greenish yellow gas with a pungent suffocating odor. Toxic by inhalation. Slightly soluble in water. Liquefies at -35°C and room pressure. Readily liquefied by pressure applied at room temperature. Density (as a liquid) 13.0 lb / gal. Contact with unconfined liquid can cause frostbite by evaporative cooling. Does not burn but, like oxygen, supports combustion. Long-term inhalation of low concentrations or short-term inhalation of high concentrations has ill effects. Vapors are much heavier than air and tend to settle in low areas. Contact CHEMTREC to activate chlorine response team 800-424-9300. Used to purify water, bleach wood pulp, and to make other chemicals. Rate of onset: Immediate to hours Persistence: Minutes to hours Odor threshold: 3.5 ppm Source/use/other hazard: Cleaner/disinfectant in many industries; water treatment; WWI war gas; irritating corr fumes heavier than air.

What is the code for chlorine?

For chlorine (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 020501) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

How is chlorine released into the atmosphere?

Chlorine 's production and use in the manufacture of chemicals, as an oxidizing and bleaching agent, and as a water disinfectant may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Scientists have proposed that minute quantities of chlorine are generated naturally during the photolysis of seawater aerosols. Volcanic gases can contain free chlorine gas. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 5850 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates chlorine will exist solely as a gas in the atmosphere. Gas-phase chlorine is removed from air primarily by direct photolysis with an estimated half-life of 1-4 hours, depending on the time of the day. Chlorine is also expected to react with cloud particulates and rain drops that it comes into contact with in the atmosphere, forming hydrochloric and hypochlorous acids. These acids can then be washed out of the atmosphere by precipitation. If released to soil in a spill situation as a liquid, chlorine will react with both organic and inorganic matter in the soil and much of the chlorine is expected to volatilize immediately. Chlorine is expected to dissolve and disproportionate in the water of moist soils to form chloride and hypochlorite. Chlorine is toxic to microbial communities; therefore, biodegradation is not considered to be a relevant fate process in soil and water. If released into water, chlorine gas dissolves and then undergoes a disproportionation within seconds at environmental pH to form hydrochloric and hypochlorous acid. Under acidic conditions (pH <4.5), the formation of molecular chlorine is possible. Volatilization of molecular chlorine from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 0.0104 atm-cu m/mole. Chlorine is not expected to bioaccumulate or bioconcentrate in plants or animals since it reacts with the moist tissues of living systems. In water chlorine/hypochlorite undergoes direct photolysis with an estimated half-life of 1-4 hours, depending on the time of the day. Occupational exposure to chlorine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where chlorine is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to chlorine via inhalation and dermal contact as a result of an accident involving chlorine that occurs nearby, such as a liquid chlorine spill, a leak from a chlorine tank, or a leak from a facility that produces or uses chlorine. Individuals may be exposed to chlorine upon mixing a cleaning product that contains an acid with a solution containing sodium hypochlorite (bleach). The misuse of swimming pool chemicals may also potentially expose the general population to chlorine. The general public is not exposed to molecular chlorine in drinking water as a result of water sanitation practices, even though chlorine gas may be used in these processes. Because chlorine is so reactive in water and air, it is not normally detected in the environment except for very low levels in the air above seawater. (SRC)

What is the primary use of chlorine?

Chlorine 's primary use is in polyvinyl chloride ( PVC ), via ethylene dichloride ( EDC) and vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), which accounts for 36% of world consumption. Other main uses are isocyanates and oxygenates, inorganics, chloromethanes/solvents (although this is declining), and epichlorohydrin.

How does chloralkali electrolysis work?

In the chlor-alkali electrolysis process, an aqueous solution of sodium chloride is decomposed electrolytically by direct current, producing chlorine, hydrogen, and sodium hydroxide solution. The overall reaction of the process takes place in two parts, at the anode and at the cathode. The evolution of chlorine takes place at the anode. There are three basic processes for the electrolytic production of chlorine, the nature of the cathode reaction depending on the specific process. These three processes are (1) the diaphragm cell process (Griesheim cell, 1885), (2) the mercury cell process (Castner-Kellner cell, 1892), and (3) the membrane cell process (1970). Each process represents a different method keeping the chlorine produced at the anode separate from the caustic soda and hydrogen produced, directly or indirectly, at the cathode.

How is chloralkali produced?

In the chlor-alkali electrolysis process, an aqueous solution of sodium chloride is decomposed electrolytically by direct current, producing chlorine, hydrogen, and sodium hydroxide solution. The overall reaction of the process takes place in two parts, at the anode and at the cathode. The evolution of chlorine takes place at the anode. There are three basic processes for the electrolytic production of chlorine, the nature of the cathode reaction depending on the specific process. These three processes are (1) the diaphragm cell process (Griesheim cell, 1885), (2) the mercury cell process (Castner-Kellner cell, 1892), and (3) the membrane cell process (1970). Each process represents a different method keeping the chlorine produced at the anode separate from the caustic soda and hydrogen produced, directly or indirectly, at the cathode.

Is chlorine a low pH?

Chlorine persists as an element only at a very low pH (less than 2), and at the higher pH found in living tissue it is rapidly converted into hypochlorous acid. In this form, it apparently can penetrate the cell and form N-chloro-derivatives that can damage cellular integrity.

What is chlorine used for?

Chlorine chemistry is used on planes, trains, automobiles, and boats, in the manufacture of seat cushions, bumpers, brake fluid and airbags that help keep passengers safe and comfortable. Chlorine chemistry is also used to manufacture shatter-resistant windows, wire and cable, steel hulls, and navigation systems .

What is the role of chlorine in the environment?

Chlorine chemistry plays an important role in harnessing solar energy, purifying the silicon in grains of sand and helping transform them into solar panel chips. Wind turbine blades made from chlorine-based epoxy resins help convert wind power into electricity.

Why is chlorinated water important?

Chlorine destroys disease-causing germs and helps make water safe to drink. Waterborne diseases once killed thousands of U.S. residents every year. Following its first use in Jersey City, New Jersey in 1908, drinking water chlorination spread rapidly throughout the United States, and helped to virtually eliminate waterborne diseases like cholera and typhoid fever.

Why is chlorine used in swimming pools?

Chlorine chemistry helps keep drinking water and swimming pools safe. Before cities began routinely treating drinking water with chlorine-based disinfectants, thousands died every year from waterborne diseases such as cholera, typhoid fever, dysentery and hepatitis A. Chlorine-based pool and spa disinfectants help keep recreational waters safe by destroying waterborne pathogens that can result in illnesses, such as diarrhea, swimmer’s ear or skin rashes, including athlete’s foot.

What is the purpose of chlorine disinfectant?

When used properly, chlorine-based disinfectants help protect swimmers from bacteria and other germs that can cause problems like swimmer’s ear or diarrhea. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), chlorine and pH are the first line of defense against germs that can make swimmers sick.

Why use chlorine disinfectant in wastewater treatment?

Importantly, waste water treatment facilities use chlorine disinfectants to destroy oxygen-robbing contaminants in wastewater, helping to preserve the quality of our nation’s rivers and streams into which the treated wastewater is discharged. Uses & Benefits. Safety Information. Back to Top.

How does chlorine help food?

Chlorine chemistry helps provide safe and abundant food by protecting crops from pests and keeping kitchen counters and other food-contact surfaces disinfected, destroying E. coli, salmonella and a host of other foodborne germs.

Overview

History

Properties

Chemistry and compounds

Occurrence and production

Applications

Biological role

Hazards