Full Answer
What could be used to represent an endoplasmic reticulum?
Substances
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2
- Heat-Shock Proteins
- Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors
- Transcription Factors
- X-Box Binding Protein 1
- XBP1 protein, human
- molecular chaperone GRP78
What does the endoplasmic reticulum look like?
The structure of endoplasmic reticulum is shaped like a sac. Since ER is of two types, each has its own distinguishing features: The rough endoplasmic reticulum is named so because of its appearance. It is a series of connected flattened sacs having several ribosomes on its outer surface, hence the name.
Why is Endoplasmic Reticulum located around the nucleus?
The endoplasmic reticulum membrane allows molecules to be selectively transferred between the lumen and the cytoplasm, and since it is connected to the double-layered nuclear envelope, it further provides a pipeline between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
Where is the endoplasmic reticulum found plant or animal?
Endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle found in both eukaryotic animal and plant cells. It often appears as two interconnected sub-compartments, namely rough ER and smooth ER. Both types consist of membrane enclosed, interconnected flattened tubes. The rough ER, studded with millions of membrane bound ribosomes, is involved with the production ...
What would you compare the endoplasmic reticulum to?
The endoplasmic reticulum is like the highway system because the cell uses the endoplasmic reticulum to move material throughout the cell like people use highways to move throughout the country.
What does endoplasmic reticulum look similar to?
The endoplasmic reticulum looks like a system with membranes that form cavities, flat cisterns and non-lamellar, round structures.
What is endoplasmic reticulum compared to a school?
The endoplasmic reticulum is like hallways in a school because they are passage ways for students and staff like the endoplasmic reticulum makes passages for proteins. The Golgi apparatus is like a school bus because a school bus transports kids to school like the Golgi apparatus ships proteins.
What can smooth endoplasmic reticulum be compared to in real life?
The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum is considered smooth because of its smooth appearance. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for lipid synthesis. It processes a variety of metabolic processes such as drug detoxification A real life example would be a high way.
What structure is similar to the endoplasmic reticulum in muscles?
The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is a membrane-bound structure found within muscle cells that is similar to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in other cells.
How are endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria and Golgi apparatus similar?
Describe how the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion, and Golgi apparatus are structurally similar. All are composed of membrane-enclosed chambers. The surface area of each is greatly increased by folds and layers. Medicine, alcohol, and many drugs are detoxified in liver cells.
What part of a school is like rough ER?
Smooth- produces lipids. The smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum's metaphorically represents hallways. Smooth and rough ER's are passageways that send and delivers proteins throughout the cell. Hallways are passageways that send and deliver students throughout the school.
Why is it endoplasmic reticulum compare to an school library?
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are like tubes that allow or carry substances throughout the cell. It's similar to a book cart, book carts are used to move books to the shelves. They both move or carry substances to other places. Broken books are sometimes stored in the storage rooms until they can be repaired.
What organ is similar to ribosomes?
The Nucleolus The equivalent to ribosomes in the human body is amino acids. The Golgi body helps to create and package large molecules used in other parts of the cell. This organelle is found in both plant and animal cells. the equivalent in the human body is the blood veins.
What does rough endoplasmic reticulum represent in a city?
The vacuole stores water, food, and other materials needed by the cell like a warehouse stores materials needed by the city. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is the part of the ER that helps make proteins and has a rough look to it because of the ribosomes found on its surface.
What cell organelle is like the doors house?
The cell membraneThe cell membrane regulates what goes into and out of the cell. In a house this is like the door.
What can you compare cells to?
A cell can be compared to a city!Each part of the cell has its own function or purpose.The parts of the cell can be compared to the parts of a city based on their similar purpose.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a continuous membrane system that forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.All e...
What is the difference between smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum?
The ER can be classified in two functionally distinct forms: smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The morpholo...
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves important functions particularly in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins. Differen...
When was the endoplasmic reticulum discovered?
The ER was first noted in the late 19th century, when studies of stained cells indicated the presence of some type of extensive cytoplasmic structu...
1. What is endoplasmic reticulum?
The endoplasmic reticulum is a tubular network of membranes found within the cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cell.
2. List the types of endoplasmic reticulum.
The endoplasmic reticulum is classified into two types: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum
3. List the functions of the endoplasmic reticulum.
The endoplasmic reticulum performs the following functions: It is responsible for the production and secretion of steroid hormones. It is also resp...
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
Endoplasmic Reticulum Definition. “Endoplasmic Reticulum is a complex network of tubular membranes exclusively present in the cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cell.”.
Why is the rough endoplasmic reticulum called that?
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is named so because of its appearance. It is a series of connected flattened sacs having several ribosomes on its outer surface, hence the name. It synthesizes and secretes proteins in the liver, hormones and other substances in the glands.
What is the function of the smooth ER?
Smooth ER is also responsible for the production and secretion of steroid hormones. It is also responsible for the metabolism of carbohydrates. The smooth ER store and release calcium ions.
Does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum have ribosomes?
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum, on the other hand, does not have ribosomes. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum has a tubular form. It participates in the production of phospholipids, the chief lipids in cell membranes and are essential in the process of metabolism.
Which cell has the endoplasmic reticulum?
The Endoplasmic Reticulum. All eucaryotic cells have an endoplasmic reticulum(ER). Its membranetypically constitutes more than half of the total membrane of an average animal cell (see Table 12-2). The ER is organized into a netlike labyrinth of branching tubules and flattened sacs extending throughout the cytosol(Figure 12-35).
What is the ER in eucaryotic cells?
All eucaryotic cells have an endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Its membrane typically constitutes more than half of the total membrane of an average animal cell (see Table 12-2). The ER is organized into a netlike labyrinth of branching tubules and flattened sacs extending throughout the cytosol (Figure 12-35). The tubules and sacs are all thought ...
What happens when microsomes are omitted from the cell-free system?
When microsomes were omitted from this cell-free system, the protein synthesized was slightly larger than the normal secreted protein, the extra length being the N-terminal leader peptide. In the presence of microsomes derived from the rough ER, however, a protein of the correct size was produced.
What is the name of the vesicles that are derived from rough ER?
Fortunately, when tissues or cells are disrupted by homogenization, the ER breaks into fragments and reseals into many small (~100–200 nmin diameter) closed vesicles called microsomes, which are relatively easy to purify. Microsomes derived from rough ER are studded with ribosomes and are called rough microsomes.
What is the ER network?
The ER extends as a network throughout the entire cytosol, so that all regions of the cytosol are close to some portion of the ER membrane. (B) Part of an ER network in a living plant cell that was genetically engineered to express a fluorescent protein in the ER.
Which end of the SRP binds to an ER signal sequence on a growing polypeptide chain?
One end of the SRP binds to an ER signal sequence on a growing polypeptide chain, while the other end binds (more...) ERsignal sequences vary greatly in amino acidsequence, but each has eight or more nonpolar amino acids at its center (see Table 12-3, p. 667).
Which organelle is responsible for the production of transmembrane proteins and lipids?
Its membraneis the site of production of all the transmembrane proteins and lipids for most of the cell's organelles, including the ER itself, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, endosomes, secretory vesicles, and the plasma membrane. The ER membrane makes a major contribution to mitochondrial and peroxisomal membranes by producing most of their lipids.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
Endoplasmic Reticulum – A brief overview. The endoplasmic reticulum is a complex system of membrane channels and sacs. It is made up of two regions. In the rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes are associated with the outer surface of the ER membrane. The proteins made by these ribosomes are deposited into the central cavity (lumen) ...
What happens to proteins in the lumen?
The proteins transported into the lumen will eventually make their way into the lysosomes and peroxisomes, become incorporated into the plasma membrane, or will be secreted out of the cell. Endoplasmic Reticulum – Quality Control.
Where are proteins targeted for destruction?
Proteins targeted for destruction are shuttled into the cell’s cytoplasm and coated with the protein ubiquitin, where it is destroyed by the proteasome. Endoplasmic Reticulum – Conclusion. Only a designer who exercises thought and foresight could be so deliberate as to orchestrate effective quality control procedures.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
The endoplasmic reticulum is defined as an organelle that is made up of a series of phospholipid membranes. In fact, the membranes that make up the endoplasmic reticulum can account for half of a cell’s total membrane structure in animal cells ! These membranes are called cisternae , are shaped like tubes or sacs, and are continuous with the outer membrane of the cell’s nucleus . That’s a fancy way of saying that the endoplasmic reticulum is attached to the nucleus itself.
Why is the endoplasmic reticulum important?
Because plants and animals are complex creatures , ...
How are lipids used in the cell?
How these lipids are used depends on the cell type. Lipids can be used to create new cell membranes, create hormones, and store energy. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum also helps detoxify the cell by converting toxic organic chemicals into safer, water soluble products.
What is the membrane of the nucleus called?
These membranes are called cisternae, are shaped like tubes or sacs, and are continuous with the outer membrane of the cell’s nucleus. That’s a fancy way of saying that the endoplasmic reticulum is attached to the nucleus itself.
Where are proteins secreted?
Some proteins are sent to the Golgi apparatus, while others are secreted into the cell exterior or kept within the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum itself . There are certain proteins that are sent into the space within the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Where does the rough endoplasmic reticulum get its name?
The rough endoplasmic reticulum, or RER, gets its name from the ribosomes embedded in its surface...which make it look rough! The rough endoplasmic reticulum is situated closest to the nucleus—in fact, it’s attached to the nuclear envelope —so that molecules can move directly between the membranes.
Which organelle is found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that can be found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Just keep in mind that not all cells have endoplasmic reticulum! For example, red blood cells don’t have endoplasmic reticuli, even though they’re an important part of animal biology.
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