What organs does the superior mesenteric artery supply?
- cerebral arterial circle (aka Circle of Willis): receives blood from the two internal carotid arteries and the basilar artery
- Superficial palmar arch: formed by the union of the radial and ulnar arteries in the hand
- Mesenteric arches: branches of the vessels that supply blood to the intestinal tract
What is the superior mensenteric artery do?
The superior mesenteric artery provides oxygenated blood and nutrients to the intestines. These organs are part of the digestive system. The artery branches off of the aorta, which is the body’s largest blood vessel. Superior refers to the artery’s location above other arteries that supply the intestines.
What does the mesenteric arteries do?
Three main arteries, called the mesenteric arteries, supply blood to your small and large intestines. Narrowing or blockage in these arteries reduces the amount of blood that travels to your digestive tract.
What does the SMA supply blood to?
The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) is a major artery of the abdomen. It arises from the abdominal aorta, and supplies arterial blood to the organs of the midgut – which spans from the major duodenal papilla (of the duodenum) to the proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon.
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Which artery connects to the inferior mesenteric artery?
Meandering artery: Also known as the arc of Riolan, the SMA connects with the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) where the middle colic artery of the former joins with the left colic artery of the latter.
What are the different types of SMA?
As with many parts of the circulatory system, a significant amount of people display variations in the anatomy of the SMA. The most common of these are: 1 1 Variant origin of right hepatic artery: In anywhere from 10% to 17% of cases, the right hepatic artery—which supplies blood to the liver—arises directly from the SMA. 2 Variant origin of common hepatic artery: As above, the common hepatic artery (another one that delivers blood to the liver) originates from the SMA in 1% to 3% of people. 3 Common trunk: In rarer cases—less than 1%—doctors have observed a “celiacomesenteric trunk,” in which the SMA and the celiac trunk (which supplies parts of the gastrointestinal tract) sharing a common origin. 4 Absent marginal artery of Drummond: Another less common case is the absence of the artery of Drummond, which can lead to health problems if there is a blockage within the SMA. 5 Variant origin of the splenic artery: Usually arising from the celiac trunk, there have been rare cases where the splenic artery originates from the SMA instead.
What is the clinical significance of SMA?
Clinical Significance. A number of conditions and diseases can affect the SMA affecting its ability to deliver oxygenated blood, and the resulting complications can be dangerous and even deadly. Notably, this artery can become subject to narrowing, affecting blood flow and leading to a condition called “acute mesenteric ischemia.”.
What are the issues with the superior mesenteric artery?
Among the issues that can arise from the superior mesenteric artery are those related to decreased blood supply coming through the vessel. This can happen both suddenly (acute mesenteric ischemia) or progressively over time (chronic mesenteric ischemia). Other times the artery itself can exert mechanical pressure on a portion ...
What is the SMA in anatomy?
Clinical Significance. A major artery of the abdomen, the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) is a primary source of blood from the heart for many organs of the midgut, all of which are associated with the digestive system. Via its branches, it supplies important parts of the small intestine, including the lower portion ...
Where does the common hepatic artery originate?
Variant origin of common hepatic artery: As above, the common hepatic artery (another one that delivers blood to the liver) originates from the SMA in 1% to 3% of people. Common trunk: In rarer cases—less than 1%—doctors have observed a “celiacomesenteric trunk,” in which the SMA and the celiac trunk ...
What is the function of the SMA?
As noted, the primary task of the SMA is to supply important parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Specifically, the artery and its branches deliver oxygenated blood to the lower portion of the duodenum, jejenum, ileum, cecum, and ascending colon as well as parts of the transverse colon (the latter two regions making up what’s known as the “splenic flexure”). 2 As such, it serves an essential role in digestion, ensuring that the small intestines and pancreas are provided with the oxygen they need to serve their purposes.
What is the name of the condition where the artery compresses the renal vein?
Nutcracker syndrome occurs when the artery compresses the renal vein. This is not the same as superior mesenteric artery syndrome, which involves the artery compressing the duodenum. The fatty build-up leading to atherosclerosis is not an issue with this artery as it is with other vessels in the body. Last medically reviewed on January 23, 2018.
What is the superior mesenteric artery?
The superior mesenteric artery is a major blood vessel in the digestive system. This artery branches off the abdominal aorta and supplies oxygenated blood to the pancreas and the lower parts of the intestine.
What is the name of the vein that transports oxygen-depleted blood away from the digestive system?
A similarly named superior mesenteric vein exists, which transports oxygen-depleted blood away from the digestive system. There are two known pathological conditions associated with the superior mesenteric artery: nutcracker syndrome and superior mesenteric artery syndrome.
Which veins carry oxygen-depleted blood?
A similarly named superior mesenteric vein exists, which transports oxygen-depleted blood away from ...
What is the term for a disease that results from atherosclerosis of the mesenteric arteries?
Mesenteric ischaemia - Chronic mesenteric ischaemia can result from atherosclerosis of the mesenteric arteries. Acute mesenteric ischaemia commonly results from an embolus that becomes lodged in any of the branches of the mesenteric arteries.
What is the condition where the duodenum is trapped between the abdominal aorta and the superior me?
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome - This is a rare disease that occurs when the duodenum is trapped between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery, causing compression or complete obstruction. The patient will present with bloating after meals, nausea and vomiting and a feeling of abdominal fullness.
Which artery supplies the caecum, appendix and ileum?
The former anastomoses with the middle colic artery and the latter anastomoses with the ileocolic artery. Ileocolic artery - This artery supplies the caecum, appendix and ileum. In order to reach the ascending colon, it passes downward and to the right.
Which artery runs directly to the right?
Right colic artery - This artery runs directly to the right, and supplies the ascending colon. In order to reach this part of the bowel, it passes anteriorly to the gonadal vessels and the psoas major (as well as the ureter, which lies retroperitoneally, these vessels run within the greater omentum, which is a quadruple layer of peritoneum ). It divides to form an ascending and descending branch. The former anastomoses with the middle colic artery and the latter anastomoses with the ileocolic artery.
Which artery runs directly to the right and supplies the ascending artery?
the left one anastomoses with the left colic artery (a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery), and the right anastomoses with the right colic artery. Right colic artery - This artery runs directly to the right, and supplies the ascending colon.
Which artery supplies the proximal two thirds of the transverse colon?
Middle colic artery - This is the second branch arising from the right side of the superior mesenteric artery and supplies the proximal two thirds of the transverse colon. It branches off just below the pancreas, and travels upwards within the mesentery of the transverse colon.
Which artery supplies the head of the pancreas?
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery - This is the first branch of the superior mesenteric artery, arising from its right side, and supplies the head of the pancreas as well as the inferior and ascending regions of the duodenum. This artery gives off two further branches i.e. anterior and posterior branches.
What is the superior mesenteric artery?
The Superior Mesenteric Artery. The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) is a major artery of the abdomen. It arises from the abdominal aorta, and supplies arterial blood to the organs of the midgut – which spans from the major duodenal papilla (of the duodenum) to the proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon.
What is the SMA in the stomach?
Anterior to the SMA – pyloric part of the stomach, splenic vein and neck of the pancreas. Posterior to the SMA – left renal vein, uncinate process of the pancreas and inferior part of the duodenum. The uncinate process is the only part of the pancreas that hooks around the back of the SMA.
Which arterial artery supplies the transverse colon?
In contrast, the ileal blood supply is marked by more arterial arcades with shorter vasa recta. Middle and Right Colic Arteries. The right and middle colic arteries arise from the right side of the superior mesenteric artery to supply the colon: Middle colic artery - supplies the transverse colon.
Which artery is the first branch of the SMA?
The inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is the first branch of the SMA. It forms anterior and posterior vessels, which anastomose with branches of the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (derived from the coeliac trunk).
Which artery supplies abdominal organs that arise from which embyronic precusor?
The superior mesenteric artery supplies abdominal organs that arise from which embyronic precusor?
Which artery passes inferiorly and to the right?
The ileocolic artery is the final major branch of the superior mesenteric artery. It passes inferiorly and to the right, giving rise to branches to the ascending colon, appendix, cecum, and ileum. In cases of appendectomy, the appendicular artery is ligated.
Which artery is the right side of the colon?
The right and middle colic arteries arise from the right side of the superior mesenteric artery to supply the colon:
What Are the Symptoms of Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome?
There are a few symptoms that might indicate you have superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Different individuals may go through different symptoms of the same condition. Some of them include:
How Is Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome Diagnosed?
Your doctor may make a diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery syndrome by checking you for symptoms. Sometimes, the symptoms might be non-specific. Your doctor may go on to rule out other conditions that may share symptoms and do some tests to make the diagnosis. They include:
What Is the Treatment for Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome?
The first line of treatment for superior mesenteric artery syndrome is nonsurgical management that includes:
What is the management of superior mesenteric artery syndrome?
The diagnosis and management of superior mesenteric artery syndrome is with an interprofessional team that consists of a general surgeon, radiologist, emergency department physician, and a gastroenterologist. However, the majority of patients with this syndrome initially present to the nurse practitioner and primary care provider. Because the symptoms are non-specific and there is no sensitive test, the diagnosis in most cases is delayed. Management in the acute setting includes fluid resuscitation, electrolyte correction, total parenteral nutrition and nasogastric tube insertion for gastric decompression. The patient should be educated on lifestyle changes such as eating small meals and adopt the left lateral decubitus position to improve symptoms. Most patients need a dietary consult as significant weight loss is common. Unfortunately, conservative measures help very few patients and most patients eventually require surgery. Various types of surgical procedures are done but none produces satisfactory results. Because there are very few cases, there are no large trials. Anecdotal reports indicate mild improvement in the short term but the long term prognosis remains unknown. The quality of life of these patients is poor. [11][12](Level V)
What causes duodenal compression?
Duodenal compression is usually due to the loss of the intervening mesenteric fat pad between the aorta and SMA, which in turn, results in a narrower angle between the vessels. The fat pad cushion functions to hold the SMA off the spine and protect it from duodenal compression. A normal aortomesenteric angle is 38 to 65 degrees; however, decreasing the angle less than 25 degrees will decrease the distance to less than 10 mm and cause compression to the third part of the duodenum. Decreases in the aortomesenteric angle can be either congenital or acquired. SMA syndrome is associated with significant weight loss including situations of hypermetabolism (trauma and burns) dietary conditions (anorexia nervosa and malabsorptive diseases) and cachexia causing conditions (AIDS, cancer, paraplegia). Other risk factors include surgical correction of scoliosis, congenitally short or hypertrophic ligament of Treitz, peritoneal adhesions, duodenal malrotation, Ladd's bands, abdominal aortic aneurysm, lumbar hyperlordosis, and mesenteric root neoplasm.
What is the name of the condition that occurs when the duodenum is compressed?
Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a rare disease defined as compression of the third portion of the duodenum between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. Other names for SMA syndrome have included chronic duodenal ileus, Wilkie syndrome, arterio-mesenteric duodenal compression syndrome and cast syndrome. The disease was first reported as a case report in 1842 by Carl Von Rokitansky, and in 1927, Wilkie further detailed the pathophysiology and diagnostic findings of the disease.
What is the treatment for AO angle?
The patient is encouraged to eat small meals and engage in posture therapy which involves patients lying in the left lateral decubitus position, rather than recombinant, to improve symptoms. Nutritional support through hyperalimentation is of great importance with conservative therapy in an attempt to increase the mesenteric fat pad, thus increasing the AO angle and improving symptoms. Many patients will fail conservative therapy and ultimately require surgical intervention. Various surgical procedures have been considered for surgical management including gastrojejunostomy, Strong procedure (a division of the ligament of Treitz), transabdominal duodenojejunostomy and laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy. Traditional open bypass surgery was the standard of care until 1998 when the first successful laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy was performed. This technique has since surpassed open bypass as the most common surgical treatment. Laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy has recently replaced open bypass at the standard operative treatment. A study involving laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy as a treatment for failed conservative management was done on 12 patients. This retrospective study revealed improved or eliminated symptoms in 11 of the 12 patients without any postoperative bowel obstruction, wound infection, anastomotic complications or deaths. Most surgeons prefer duodenojejunostomy due to reported success rates of 80% to 100% with reduced postoperative pain shortened hospital stay and reduced risk of incisional herniation.
What is the diagnosis of SMA syndrome?
SMA syndrome presents with vague symptoms of bowel obstruction. However, diagnosis is based on interpreting clinical symptoms alongside radiological testing which can confirm its presence. Various imaging modalities that can be used include plain film x-ray, barium x-ray, endoscopy, computed tomography (CT), Doppler ultrasound, and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Plain radiographs may reveal a dilated stomach and diminished distal bowel gas. Endoscopy and barium studies can be used but are often nonspecific and not available in an emergency setting. Endoscopy, rather, can be used to investigate complications of the disease including gastric stasis, biliary reflux, gastritis and duodenal ulcers and to rule out other cause of the duodenal compression. CT scan is helpful in diagnostics in that it allows for measurement of aortomesenteric (AO) angle which aids in confirmation of SMA syndrome and has thus replaced MRA as the standard for diagnosis. The normal AO angle is between 38 to 65 degrees and has a distance of 10 to 28 mm. In a study which reviewed 8 cases of SMA syndrome, a reported AO angle cutoff of 22 degrees revealed a 42.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity, and a distance of 8 mm was both 100% sensitive and specific for the condition. Laboratory tests are usually nondiagnostic and it is noted that electrolyte disturbances as well as protein and albumin levels can still be normal despite associated weight loss. While it is rare, SMA syndrome is important to consider because the delay in diagnosis can result in significant morbidity and mortality from malnutrition, dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities, gastric pneumatosis and portal venous gas, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and gastric perforation. [8][9][10]
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What happens if the mesentery doesn't form?
If the mesentery doesn’t properly form during fetal development, the intestines can collapse or twist. This than lead to blocked blood vessels or tissue death in the abdomen, which are both serious conditions. Your mesentery also contains lymph nodes.
What is the function of lymph nodes in the mesentery?
Lymph nodes in the mesentery can sample bacteria from your intestines and generate an immune response when necessary. Your mesentery can also produce a protein called C-reactive protein (CRP), which is a sign of inflammation.
What is the region of the colon that connects to the pelvic wall?
This region connects your sigmoid colon to your pelvic wall. Your sigmoid colon is the region of your colon just before your rectum. Mesorectum. This part of the mesentery is connected to your rectum.
Why remove part of mesentery after bowel resection?
In addition, removing part of the mesentery may be an effective way to reduce the chance of Crohn’s disease returning after a bowel resection.
Which part of the mesentery connects the transverse colon to the posterior abdominal wall?
Transverse mesocolon. This broad region of the mesentery connects your transverse colon to your posterior abdominal wall. Your transverse colon is the largest section of your large intestine. Left mesocolon. Like the right mesocolon, this area of the mesentery also runs flat along your posterior abdominal wall.
What are the two regions of the mesentery?
This region is connected to your small intestine, specifically the jejunum and ileum regions. These are the last two regions of your small intestine before it connects to your large intestine. Right mesocolon.
Where is the mesentery located?
The mesentery is found in your abdomen, where it surrounds your intestines. It comes from the area on the back side of your abdomen where your aorta branches off to another large artery called the superior mesenteric artery. This is sometimes referred to as the root region of the mesentery.
What is the condition that can be fatal to the superior mesenteric vein?
Another rare condition that can be associated with the superior mesenteric vein is mesenteric ischemia. This is when the small intestine is inflamed or possibly injured due to inadequate blood supply, and this can be fatal.
What is the superior mesenteric vein?
The superior mesenteric vein, also known as (SMV) transports blood from the small intestine and the cecum. It follows a path similar to that of the superior mesenteric artery.
Where is the SMV vein located?
It follows a path similar to that of the superior mesenteric artery. This vein is located in the abdominal cavity next to the superior mesenteric artery. Where it ends, near the neck of the pancreas, it forms the hepatic portal vein by coming together with the splenic vein. Other tributaries of SMV drain other organs such as the stomach, ...
Is thrombosis a pathologic disorder?
Thrombosis is the only pathologic disorder associated with this vein and it is uncommon. Thrombosis is a blood clot in a blood vessel, which leads to restricted blood flow and circulation throughout the body.
