what is the independent variable in a single subject design
by Elmer Harber
Published 2 years ago
Updated 2 years ago
• Independent Variable (IV): The treatment or procedure that the experimenter controls – the treatment or procedure being used to change behavior. o Typically, in single-subject studies, the categories of the IV reflect the phases of. the treatment or lack of treatment.
What is an independent variable in single-subject research?
An independent variable is actively manipulated, with the fidelity of implementation documented. A baseline condition demonstrates a predictable pattern which can be compared with the intervention condition(s).
What is the independent variable in a single case design?
conditions to compare response patterns before, during, and after the intervention is implemented. Independent variables (IVs) - In SCD research, independent variables are the practice, treatment, or intervention being tested. The introduction of the IV should produce observable changes in the DV.
What is a single subject variable?
Key Takeaways. Single-subject research designs typically involve measuring the dependent variable repeatedly over time and changing conditions (e.g., from baseline to treatment) when the dependent variable has reached a steady state.
What is independent subject design?
Independent measures design, also known as between-groups, is an experimental design where different participants are used in each condition of the independent variable. This means that each condition of the experiment includes a different group of participants.
What is a single subject experimental design?
In design of experiments, single-subject curriculum or single-case research design (SCED) is a research design most often used in applied fields of psychology, education, and human behaviour in which the subject serves as his/her own control, rather than using another individual/group.
What is an example of single-subject research?
Generally, in single subject research we count the number of times something occurs in a given time period and see if it occurs more or less often in that time period after implementing an intervention. For example, we might measure how many baskets someone makes while shooting for 2 minutes.
What are the characteristics of single-subject design?
In single-subject designs, each participant serves as her or his own control, similar to a time-series design. Basically, the participant is exposed to a non-treatment and a treatment phase and performance is measured during each phase (Gay & Airasian, 2003, page 383).
What are the types of single-subject design?
Six primary design types are discussed: the pre-experimental (or AB) design, the withdrawal (or ABA/ABAB) design, the multiple-baseline/multiple-probe design, the changing-criterion design, the multiple-treatment design, and the alternating treatments and adapted alternating treatments designs (see Table 2).
What is single group design in research?
We define a single group study as a study that consists of only a single group of subjects included in the study design, in which all subjects received a single intervention and the outcomes are assessed over time (i.e., not a cross-sectional study). These studies may be prospective or retrospective cohort studies.
What is an example of an independent measures design?
An independent measures design is a research method in which multiple experimental groups are used and participants are only in one group. Each participant is only in one condition of the independent variable during the experiment. An example would be a drug trial for a new pharmaceutical.
What is an independent sample design?
An independent samples design is a true experiment characterized by random assignment of participants to conditions and manipulation of the independent variable. In conjunction with the use of control groups, this design permits cause–effect conclusions and results in fewer alternative interpretations of the data.
What is the meaning of independent and dependent variables?
The independent variable is the cause. Its value is independent of other variables in your study. The dependent variable is the effect. Its value depends on changes in the independent variable.
What are the key features of a single-case experimental design?
Single-case experimental designs are a family of experimental designs that are characterized by researcher manipulation of an independent variable and repeated measurement of a dependent variable before (i.e., baseline) and after (i.e., intervention phase) introducing the independent variable.
What is the difference between a case study and a single case design?
In a single case design, the researcher has much more control over the participant. They introduce an independent variable and measure the behaviour, so this allows cause and effect to be more readily established. Case studies, on the other hand, the researcher simply observes the behaviour.
What is the difference between a single and multiple case study?
Single case study: This type of case study focuses on one group, person, or event. Multiple case study: In this type of case study, the researcher studies two or more cases.
What is a single-case analysis?
Single-case studies can provide a viable alternative to large group studies such as randomized clinical trials. Single case studies involve repeated measures, and manipulation of and independent variable.
2 hours ago
In design of experiments, single-subject curriculum or single-case research design (SCED) is a research design most often used in applied fields of psychology, education, and human behaviour in which the subject serves as his/her own control, rather than using another individual/group. Researchers use single-subject design because these designs are sensitive to individual …
3 hours ago
The effect of an independent variable is easier to detect when the “noise” in the data is minimized. Reversal Designs. The most basic single-subject research design is the reversal design, also called the ABA design. During the first phase, A, a baseline is established for the dependent variable. This is the level of responding before any treatment is introduced, and …
9 hours ago
Replication: repeating the independent variable manipulation to show similar results across multiple phases Some experimental designs like withdrawal designs are better suited for demonstrating experimental control than others, but each design has its place. We will now look at the different types of single subject experimental designs and the core features of each. …
23 hours ago
A main effect is the statistical relationship between one independent variable and a dependent variable—averaging across the levels of the other independent variable. Thus there is one main effect to consider for each independent variable in the study. The top panel of Figure 8.3 shows a main effect of cell phone use because driving performance was better, on average, when …
25 hours ago
Overview. By far the most common approach to including multiple independent variables in an experiment is the factorial design. In a factorial design, each level of one independent variable (which can also be called a factor) is combined with each level of the others to produce all possible combinations.Each combination, then, becomes a condition in the experiment.
11 hours ago
Yeah, it is possible to measure the relationship between an independent and two or more dependent variables. I will suggest Cause and Effect method or casualty, but there's a catch.- …
7 hours ago
· Example: Within-subjects design vs between-subjects design You’re planning to study whether the college course learning environment (your independent variable) affects test scores (your dependent variable). You can use either a between-subjects or a within-subjects design. If you use a between-subjects design, you would split your sample into two groups of …
16 hours ago
· Using a between-subjects design. In a between-subjects design, there is usually at least one control group and one experimental group, or multiple groups that differ on a variable (e.g., gender, ethnicity, test score etc.). Every experimental group is given an independent variable treatment that the researcher believes will have some effect on the outcomes, while control …
13 hours ago
A second assumption of single-subject research is that it is important to discover causal relationships through the manipulation of an independent variable, the careful measurement of a dependent variable, and the control of extraneous variables. For this reason, single-subject research is often considered a type of experimental research with good internal validity. Recall, …
27 hours ago
later in life. Single women are more likely to live in poverty than married women. When income goes up, so does overall health. In all of these cases, a change in an independent variable correlates, or is associated with, a change in a dependent vari-able. If there is no association, there cannot be a causal relationship. For instance,
