Japanese architecture has a history as rich and ancient as the country itself
- Wood and simple forms The single most defining characteristic of traditional Japanese architecture is the use of wood. ...
- Religion and the architecture of spirituality The native religion of Japan is Shinto, and Buddhism was introduced in the 6th century. ...
- Castles and the architecture of defense During the late 15th century, Japan entered the Warring States period. ...
- Modern Japanese architecture ...
What are the main elements of Japanese traditional architecture?
Japanese traditional architecture can be divided into eight main elements. Japanese traditional architecture is dominated by wood.
What is the difference between Japanese traditional architecture and Chinese architecture?
While Japanese architecture was greatly influenced by the Chinese, the differences in their styles are vast. Japanese traditional architecture can be divided into eight main elements. Japanese traditional architecture is dominated by wood.
What are the characteristics of traditional architecture?
Traditional architecture includes temples, shrines, and castles and are examples of the Traditional Construction Method. This construction method creates resistance to earthquakes by combining wood as pillars and beams. The walls exist as mere partitions and feature a wooden frame that expresses the beauty of Japan.
What are the characteristics of Japanese art?
The perfectly formed work of art or architecture, unweathered and pristine, was ultimately considered distant, cold, and even grotesque. This sensibility was also apparent in tendencies of Japanese religious iconography.
What are some frequent characteristics of the Japanese contemporary architecture?
Japanese contemporary architecture is often admired for its simplicity, attention to detail, contemplative atmosphere, and palpable emphasis of material lightness and/or gravity (see my recent article “Learning from the 'Red' and 'White' Schools of Japanese Architecture”).
What is special about Japanese architecture?
However, a defining feature of Japan's architectural culture is its ability to assimilate the styles and trends of others. Japanese architecture has often been typified by elevated wooden structures, tiled roofs and sliding doors.
What are the elements of Japanese architecture?
Wood. By far the most prominent feature of traditional Japanese buildings is the dominance of wood. ... Screens and sliding doors. Old Japanese houses relied on movable screens (shoji) and sliding doors (fusuma) to divide and re-divide rooms as needed. ... Tatami. ... Verandas. ... Genkan. ... Relationship with nature. ... Similar to this:
What is Japanese architecture based on?
Architectural styles in Japan have evolved over the centuries, heavily influenced by geography, climate, the raw materials available, and even the course of natural disasters. Japanese architecture eventually came to incorporate elements from neighboring Asian cultures as well as Western influences.
Why Japanese architecture is beautiful?
Simplicity, functionalism, straightforward expression of materials and construction, geometric composition devoid of superficial ornamentation, standardization of parts, unity of house and garden — these are the elements which make up Japanese architectural beauty.
Why is Japanese architecture the way it is?
This can be attributed to Japan's Shinto and Buddhist beliefs, which have had a significant influence on its architecture. This can be clearly seen in the focus on natural light and the use of raw wood as a building material, both on the exterior and in the interior.
What is Japanese style architecture called?
Further, many structures, especially temples and shrines, refrain from using nails. Instead, they shape the frames of the building to fit like puzzle pieces, interlocking them together sturdily this way known as tokyō (斗栱). Japanese architecture values sustainability and deep connections to nature.
Is Japanese architecture unique?
Japanese traditional architecture is one of the most distinct features of Japanese culture and you can find unique elements of architecture in castles, temples, shrines, and also homes.
What is the history of Japanese architecture?
The prominent 'look' of Japanese architecture began early around 57 BC. Prior to this point, homes in Japan were made from wood with dirt floors and there was very little to differentiate from similar homes a thousand miles away. From this point and up until 660 AD, architects of Japan were influenced by the Koreans.
How does Japanese architecture differ from Chinese architecture?
Whereas the exposed wood in Chinese buildings is painted, in Japanese buildings it traditionally has not been. Also, Chinese architecture was based on a lifestyle that included the use of chairs, while in Japan people customarily sat on the floor (a custom that began to change in the Meiji period [1868–1912]).
What are Japanese style houses called?
MinkaMinka, or traditional Japanese houses, are characterized by tatami mat flooring, sliding doors, and wooden engawa verandas. Another aspect that persists even in Western-style homes in Japan is the genkan, an entrance hall where people remove footwear.
Is Japanese architecture sustainable?
Traditional Japanese architecture is known for its sustainable practices. Yet, for much of the 20th century, a wasteful scrap-and-build approach to home construction swept through the country.
Is Japanese architecture unique?
Japanese traditional architecture is one of the most distinct features of Japanese culture and you can find unique elements of architecture in castles, temples, shrines, and also homes.
What is Japanese architecture called?
Japanese architecture (日本建築, Nihon kenchiku) has been typified by wooden structures, elevated slightly off the ground, with tiled or thatched roofs.
How does Japanese architecture differ from Chinese architecture?
Whereas the exposed wood in Chinese buildings is painted, in Japanese buildings it traditionally has not been. Also, Chinese architecture was based on a lifestyle that included the use of chairs, while in Japan people customarily sat on the floor (a custom that began to change in the Meiji period [1868–1912]).
What are the 4 traditional architectural styles in Japanese architecture?
They are important, not only for their attractiveness but for their role in the structure. Japanese architecture is made up of four types of roofs: kirizuma (gabled roof), yosemune (hipped roof), irimoya (hip-and-gable roof), and hogyo (square pyramidal roof).
What are the characteristics of Japanese architecture?
The Characteristics of Traditional Japanese Architecture. Traditional architecture includes temples, shrines, and castles and are examples of the Traditional Construction Method. This construction method creates resistance to earthquakes by combining wood as pillars and beams.
When was Japanese architecture built?
Japanese architecture is divided into "traditional architecture" buildings built up until around the year 1870 and "modern architecture" buildings built after that. Wooden architecture, in particular, has evolved over time, and has become increasingly sophisticated with the use of technology from the continent.
What is the Motenashi Dome made of?
We would like you to pay attention to the Motenashi Dome at Kanazawa Station. The dome is made of aluminum alloy and glass which is a symbol of its modern stylish appearance. Also, the symbol Tsuzumimon in front of the station was built using two thick pillars which is reminiscent of traditional temple architecture.
How tall is Tokyo Skytree?
For example, Tokyo Skytree is a radio tower boasting a height of 634 metres. A reinforced concrete cylinder has been placed in the centre as a weight so that it can withstand the earthquake-prone country.
What is the mix of Japan and the West?
However, there are lots of buildings that mix Japan and the West by combining Western architecture and Japanese traditional techniques. An Introduction to Famous Japanese Architecture around Japan! There is lots famous architecture in Japan, such as traditional buildings and buildings lined up in big cities.
What are the buildings that represent Japan?
Buildings representative of Japan are castles and shrines and temples. There are various buildings, such as those that have high earthquake resistance and of exterior beauty.
Why are Japanese buildings so good?
Many Japanese buildings have excellent functionality and high earthquake resistance. The is due to the various climatic zones of the Japanese archipelago and the high frequency of earthquakes. First, Japan belongs to various climatic zones from subarctic to subtropics, and there are four seasons. Construction technology ...
About Japanese Architecture
Many Japanese buildings have excellent functionality and high earthquake resistance. The is due to the various climatic zones of the Japanese archipelago and the high frequency of earthquakes.
The History and Transformation of Japanese Architecture
Japanese architecture is divided into "traditional architecture" buildings built up until around the year 1870 and "modern architecture" buildings built after that. Wooden architecture, in particular, has evolved over time, and has become increasingly sophisticated with the use of technology from the continent.
An Introduction to Famous Japanese Architecture around Japan!
There is lots famous architecture in Japan, such as traditional buildings and buildings lined up in big cities. Castles, shrines and temples with a long history, as well as Japanese private residences are very appealing because of the wooden architecture. We also recommend buildings with innovative designs created using modern architecture.
When was Japanese architecture built?
Japanese architecture is divided into "traditional architecture" buildings built up until around the year 1870 and "modern architecture" buildings built after that. Wooden architecture, in particular, has evolved over time, and has become increasingly sophisticated with the use of technology from the continent.
Why are Japanese buildings so good?
Many Japanese buildings have excellent functionality and high earthquake resistance. The is due to the various climatic zones of the Japanese archipelago and the high frequency of earthquakes.
What is the Motenashi Dome made of?
We would like you to pay attention to the Motenashi Dome at Kanazawa Station. The dome is made of aluminum alloy and glass which is a symbol of its modern stylish appearance. Also, the symbol Tsuzumimon in front of the station was built using two thick pillars which is reminiscent of traditional temple architecture.
How long has Himeji Castle been around?
Himeji Castle is a famous castle with a history of about 400 years. The castle structure has excellent defense which displays a unique Japanese structure. In addition, the exterior wooden walls are painted with castle plaster and the method where stacking the roof are architectural techniques that are attracting attention not only in Japan but also from around the world.
How long has the Kiyomizu-dera Temple been around?
Kiyomizu-dera Temple, for example, was built around 1,200 years ago and has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage site. The stage of Kiyomizu-dera Temple main hall is built in on a steep slope. The stage is a structure that is supported by timbering called Kakezukuri (like suspension) and has excellent earthquake resistance. Additionally, the pillars that support the stage is a technique called Tsunagite. There are no nails used in this method and it gives a glimpse of the high level of Japanese construction technology.
What is traditional architecture?
Traditional architecture includes temples, shrines, and castles and are examples of the Traditional Construction Method. This construction method creates resistance to earthquakes by combining wood as pillars and beams. The walls exist as mere partitions and feature a wooden frame that expresses the beauty of Japan.
Where is Itsukushima Shrine?
We would also like you to visit Itsukushima Shrine and Himeji Castle. Itsukushima Shrine stands in Mikasanohama (beach). In the precincts of the shrine, you can enjoy a variety techniques which prevents the shrine from collapsing and Japanese architectural style from the 8th to 11th centuries. Also, one technique which prevents collapsing is the gap between floor boards and the shrine installed to make it float.
When was Japanese architecture built?
Japanese architecture is divided into "traditional architecture" buildings built up until around the year 1870 and "modern architecture" buildings built after that. Wooden architecture, in particular, has evolved over time, and has become increasingly sophisticated with the use of technology from the continent.
What is traditional architecture?
Traditional architecture includes temples, shrines, and castles and are examples of the Traditional Construction Method. This construction method creates resistance to earthquakes by combining wood as pillars and beams. The walls exist as mere partitions and feature a wooden frame that expresses the beauty of Japan.
Where to see Japanese style?
If you want to see Japanese style to your heart’s content, head for the quaint houses and streets of Japan. For example, the streets of Kawagoe in Saitama and Kyoto city are lined with old warehouse-built houses and wooden tea houses.
Why is Japanese architecture dominated by wood?
Japanese traditional architecture is dominated by wood. Due to the humidity, the risk of earthquakes, and the possibility of typhoons, wood became preferred over stone or other materials, as it led to proper ventilation to combat the climate and was durable in the face of natural disaster.
Why are roofs important in Japanese architecture?
The curvy, elongated roofs of Japanese traditional architecture are a focal point in most buildings. They are important, not only for their attractiveness but for their role in the structure. Japanese architecture is made up of four types of roofs: kirizuma (gabled roof), yosemune (hipped roof), irimoya (hip-and-gable roof), and hogyo (square pyramidal roof). The eaves of roofs are designed so widely in order to protect windows from rain, as summers in Japan bring much of it. Intricate and symbolic kawara (瓦屋根, traditional roof tiles of Japan) commonly adorn eaves, also protecting from rain. Many Japanese delight in opening their windows for the fresh air and calming pitter-patter of the downpour during the summer, well protected by their roofs.
Why did Japanese homes not paint?
In older Japanese homes, no paint was coated onto the walls of the buildings as a way of showing appreciation. They valued the wood, showing respect by not covering it's natural beauty to the eye. Further, many structures, especially temples and shrines, refrain from using nails.
What is the Golden Pavillion in Kyoto?
The Golden Pavillion (Kinkakuji) in Kyoto ©TOKI. The Edo period (the 17th to mid-19th centuries) greatly shaped Japanese architecture. Simple, dignified, and beautiful; the structures created during this time can even be seen today, inspiring architecture around the world.
What is the relationship between nature and life in Japan?
RELATIONSHIP WITH NATURE. In Japanese culture, all life has meaning and value, which is illustrated in their respect for nature. They strive to work in harmony with their natural surroundings, as opposed to tame it. Homes and buildings are seen as one with nature, all a part of the environment.
Is there a push or pull in Japanese architecture?
There is no push or pull, just a flow of mutual understanding between the man-made and natural. In recent years, as contemporary architects and designers push towards a new generation of circular and sustainable design, Japanese traditional architecture has become a crucial point of inspiration and wisdom.
What is traditional architecture in Japan?
Japanese traditional architecture is one of the most distinct features of Japanese culture and you can find unique elements of architecture in castles, temples, shrines, and also homes. But what is the meaning behind it and why the structure has been developed like that? When you understand the details of the traditional architecture, it makes more sense and it will make it more fun to look at the historical sites in Japan! In this article, we introduce the main elements of traditional Japanese architecture.
Why is wood used in Japanese buildings?
That’s partly because of wood’s ability of absorbing moisture and Japanese traditional carpentry which allows them to build the buildings without using any nails and developed strong earthquake resistance.
What are the different types of roofs in Japan?
There are basically four types of roofs for Japanese traditional architecture; Kirizuma (gable roof), Yosemune (hip roof), Irimoya (hip-and-gable roof) and Hōgyō (pyramidal roof). Kirizuma is a roof made simply from two sides connected at the ridge. This is the simplest and most common of the Japanese traditional architectural styles even today.
What is Fusuma made of?
Today, Fusuma is mostly made with washi paper or fabric.
How big is a tatami mat?
The size of tatami is standardized. Most tatami mat is about 0.9 meters by 1.8 meters, although the size can vary depending on the region. Normally tatami mats are ordered to fit the room size. Tatami used to be used only for the highest aristocrats during the Heian Period (794-1185).
What is the Japanese tile called?
Tiles used for traditional roofs are called kawara. There are several types of kawara in Japan. For traditional Japanese constructions such as castles, temples, and shrines, Hiragawara and Marugawara are arranged neatly along the slope of the roof.
What type of wood is used for buildings?
The knots in woods are typically considered as decoration. Japanese cypress, cherry, Japanese cedar, and Japanese zelkova are the most used types of wood for buildings.
What are the characteristics of modern Japanese architecture?
One is the focus on simple forms and an honest treatment of materials. While these are both tenets of international modern architecture, these ideas have held spiritual and philosophical meaning in Japanese Shinto and Buddhist architecture for centuries.
What is modern architecture in Japan?
Japan is becoming widely recognized as one of the great centers of modern architecture. Modern architecture in Japan tends to be characterized by a few things. First, it blends the traditional Japanese aesthetics of simplicity and purity with modernist values. This is seen in the concrete and glass structures of Tadao Ando. Next, it finds new ways to bring tradition and modernity together, as in the Tokyo Skytree that combines the forms of swords and pagoda pillars into a massive structure. Thirdly, it represents extreme technical innovation and is always defined by functionality. The balance of function and aesthetic can be seen in the earthquake-resistant structures of the Tokyo Skytree, and the Sendai Mediatheque of architect Toyo Ito. With these components, Japanese modern architecture is gaining quite a bit of attention, not to mention a few notable awards as well.
What is the Japanese skytree?
The Tokyo Skytree is also a great example of another facet of modern Japanese architecture: continual innovation. As a Pacific island nation, Japan is highly susceptible to earthquakes. This makes architecture risky, especially when dealing with massive structures like the Skytree. However, when designing this building, architects realized that those ancient Japanese pagodas had never toppled, despite centuries of earthquakes. The secret was the central pillar, a freestanding support column that absorbs the shock of the earthquake. If you look at the Tokyo Skytree building, you'll notice a similar column running down the center. This thoroughly modern structure was made earthquake-proof using ancient construction methods.
What makes Japanese architecture so successful?
So, what is it that's making Japanese modern architecture so successful? To understand this, we need to understand the relationship between modern architecture and Japan's traditional culture. When the world began embracing international styles of modernist design in the 20th century, Europe and the United States faced a challenge of abstracting architectural features into their simplest versions. Architects of Japan did not necessarily share this challenge. Throughout much of Japanese history, the concepts of simplicity, honesty, and purity have guided architecture. What the rest of the world calls modern, Japan can claim as tradition.
How tall is the Tokyo Skytree?
However, this can have several outcomes. One great place to see an innovative mixture of old and new is the Tokyo Skytree, a roughly 2,000-foot tall communications tower. As one of the tallest structures in the world, it is a modern and inspirational marvel of engineering. Yet, it's also a testament to Japanese traditions. The unique structure gets its shape from two sources of inspiration: the wooden pillars of Japanese pagodas and the curve of the famous samurai sword. These are the basic shapes that make up the tower.
What is Tadao Ando's style?
One of the masters of this is Tadao Ando, winner of the Pritzker Prize in 1995. Strongly influenced by the religions and aesthetics of Japan, Ando's work is defined by its elegant simple forms that combine into rational and complex structures. In fact, his style has been said to share the artistic philosophy of another Japanese art form: haiku. In haiku, deep spiritual, philosophical, and personal meanings can be discovered through the simplest of forms. Ando achieves this through the use of smooth, flat concrete and glass. The materials are unadorned and undecorated, representing the simplest and most honest version of a structure.
What is traditional Japanese architecture?
When we talk about “traditional Japanese buildings,” we’re referring to those built in what roughly constitutes the Edo period (the 17th to mid-19th centuries) and a bit beyond. It was from the 19th century that Japan started incorporating modern Western influences in its architecture. In the country’s very early years, building was shaped by Chinese and other Asian ideas. Japanese houses have progressed from pit-style dwellings to spacious, sophisticated structures over the course of centuries.
Why are Japanese houses made of wood?
By far the most prominent feature of traditional Japanese buildings is the dominance of wood. This was preferred over stone and other materials, in part because of the ever-present risk of earthquakes. In old Japanese houses, wood was given great respect and not concealed by paint or other coatings; it was used in its natural form so that the grain could be appreciated.
What is the Japanese veranda called?
Verandas. Older Japanese houses tend to have a raised wooden veranda that runs around the outside edge of the house. This is called an engawa and is like an outdoor corridor. In days gone by it was sometimes sealed off by the aforementioned heavy (storm) shutters.
What is a tatami mat?
Tatami. While it arguably enters the realms of interior design and decorating, tatami is a big part of traditional Japanese architecture. Typically made of rice straw at the centre, with a covering of soft rush straw, tatami mats were used for a large part of the flooring in houses, providing a soft surface on which to sit and sleep ...
What is the sunken space between the front door and the rest of the house?
This area, which is considered dirty (and actually is), separates the home from the outside and is where shoes are placed (usually on a rack or in a shoebox) before entering.
What were the first architectural exports from Japan?
Heavier shutters were sometimes used to close off the outside of the house. Glass windows were not a feature. The screens and sliding doors , still used in houses today, were some of the first architectural exports from Japan to gain popularity in the West.
Why was wood used in Japanese houses?
In old Japanese houses, wood was given great respect and not concealed by paint or other coatings; it was used in its natural form so that the grain could be appreciated. In some buildings, nails have not even been used — Japanese craftsmen developed alternative ways of connecting parts of the house.
