what is the medical term for et

Full Answer

What is Essential Thrombocythemia (ET)?

What are the Symptoms of ET?

What is the Prognosis for ET?

What is bone marrow biopsy?

What mutations in the JAK2 gene cause the body to make the wrong number of blood cells?

Why is interferon used in pregnancy?

What are the risk factors for et?

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What is the life expectancy of a person with essential thrombocythemia?

In general, ET is a chronic disease that does not shorten life expectancy in the first decade following diagnosis; however, over longer periods of time, survival may be shortened. Median survival of patients with ET is about 20 years.

What is an ET diagnosis?

Essential thrombocythaemia (ET) is a rare blood cancer that causes a high number of blood cells called platelets to form. These cells are involved in blood clotting. It is one of a group of conditions called myeloproliferative neoplasms or myeloproliferative disorders.

Is essential thrombocythemia a terminal illness?

Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) On average, individuals with ET have a normal life expectancy if they are properly monitored and treated. In a small number of patients, the disease may transform to myelofibrosis, acute myeloid leukemia or, less frequently, myelodysplastic syndrome.

What is the prognosis of ET?

ET is characterized by overall favorable prognosis if compared to the other MPNs (but life-expectancy in ET is shorter than the general population) with an expected survival of 18 to 19.8 years (compared to 13.5 years in PV and 5.9 years in PMF).

What is the best treatment for ET?

Medication. Your doctor may suggest one of the following prescription drugs, perhaps along with low-dose aspirin, to reduce your platelet count: Hydroxyurea (Droxia, Hydrea.) This drug is the most common prescription used for essential thrombocythemia.

Does ET turn into leukemia?

ET can evolve into a related disease called myelofibrosis, or into acute leukemia. This evolution is sufficiently rare (within what is already a rare disease), that the estimates of the risk are imprecise but are thought to be on the order of 1-2% of patients with ET over a lifetime.

Can you live a normal life with ET?

As ET is generally diagnosed in later life, for most people there's a very good chance of living a normal lifespan if the condition is carefully monitored and treated.

Why do people get essential thrombocythemia?

In the case of essential thrombocythemia, the bone marrow makes too many cells that create platelets. It's not clear what causes this to happen. About 90% of people with the disorder have a gene mutation contributing to the disease.

What are the dangers of thrombocythemia?

Thrombocythemia causes your body to make too many platelets in the bone marrow. Too many platelets can cause blood clots or bleeding. Symptoms include blood clots and signs of bleeding, such as bruises, bloody stools, and weakness. There may be no single cause for the disease.

What are ET symptoms?

Symptoms of ET include:Headache.Dizziness or light-headedness.Chest pain.Weakness.Fainting.Vision changes that eventually go away.Numbness or tingling in the hands and feet.Redness, throbbing, and burning pain in the hands and feet.More items...

What happens if essential thrombocythemia is left untreated?

Outcomes may vary. Most people can go for long periods without complications and have a normal lifespan. In a small number of people, complications from bleeding and blood clots can cause serious problems. In rare cases, the disease can change into acute leukemia or myelofibrosis.

Is ET blood disorder hereditary?

Inheritance. Most cases of essential thrombocythemia are not inherited. Instead, the condition arises from gene mutations that occur in early blood-forming cells after conception. These alterations are called somatic mutations.

What is an ET patient?

Essential thrombocythaemia (ET) is a slow-growing blood cancer. It is where the bone marrow makes too many blood clotting cells, called platelets. This means there are more platelets than normal in the blood. ET usually develops very slowly. In most people, it does not shorten their lives.

What causes ET?

What Causes ET? The exact cause of ET is not known. But about half of all people with this condition have a mutation—or change—in a certain gene called JAK2 (Janus-associated kinase 2) that normally helps the body produce blood cells. Mutations of other genes have also been linked to ET.

Is thrombocythemia life threatening?

High platelets aren't life-threatening, but the complications that can result from the condition — blood clots or severe bleeding — can be. The most common causes of thrombocytosis are short-lived and don't put you at risk of serious blood clots. The risk is greater with essential thrombocytosis.

How do I know if I have ET?

You may not experience any symptoms at all if you have ET, even once you're diagnosed. Many people with ET are diagnosed after a routine blood test. The most common tests to diagnose ET are a full blood count, tests for genetic faults and a bone marrow biopsy.

Essential thrombocythemia - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic

Essential thrombocythemia is more common in people over age 60, though younger people can develop it too. It's also more common in women. Essential thrombocythemia is a chronic disease with no cure.

Essential thrombocythaemia (ET) prognosis | Blood Cancer UK

For most people there’s a good chance of having a normal lifespan if ET is carefully monitored and treated. Find out more about prognosis for ET here.

Essential thrombocythemia - About the Disease - Genetic and Rare ...

Essential thrombocythemia belongs to a group of diseases called myeloproliferative neoplasms, which cause the bone marrow to make too many platelets, white blood cells and/or red blood cells.

Essential Thrombocythemia - NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)

Over the ensuing decades, Dr. Dameshek’s predictions about a stimulus triggering the proliferation of blood cells were confirmed. The first came in the 1960s, when the genetic basis for another MPN family member known as chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) was identified as the Philadelphia chromosome, named after the city in which it was discovered.

What is an ostomy nurse?

An individual trained to teach patients proper methods of caring for an ostomy. The certification title is certified enterostomal therapy nurse (CETN).

What is an ET in ostomy?

A specialized counselor, usually a registered nurse, who provides ostomy patients with education and counseling before the operation. After surgery, the ET helps the patient learn to take care of the stoma and appliance, and offers long-term emotional support. Mentioned in: Enterostomy. Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine.

What is the definition of a tracheal tube?

A catheter inserted into the trachea to provide or protect an airway. See: illustration Synonym: tracheal tube; intubation tube

What causes rust in water?

Also can chlorine and rust in water. A. Throat nodules, or also known as - vocal cord nodules, are usually caused by maximum contact between the two vocal cords. The cause of these formations are usually strenuous or abusive voice practices such as yelling and coughing.

Is smoking second hand bad for you?

A. Yes, second hand (or passive) smoking is indeed a risk factor for lung cancer. How much? It depends both on the environment of the passive smoking (e.g. to how many smokers one is exposed) and on genetic factors. Don't know about threshold, but it seems that the more you avoid it the better.

What is considered a red flag for thrombocythemia?

Essential thrombocythemia is often spotted during a routine blood exam in persons who either have no symptoms or vague, nonspecific symptoms (such as fatigue or a headache). Any blood count of over 450,000 platelets per microliter is considered a red flag. Those over a million per microliter are associated with a higher risk ...

How to lower platelet count?

However, this is a short-term solution that is typically followed by the use of medication to lower the platelets to less than 400,000.

What mutations can be detected with genetic testing?

Genetic testing may also be performed to detect the JAK2, calreticulin and MPL mutations. The diagnosis of ET is largely exclusionary, meaning that any other cause for the high platelet count must be first excluded in order to make a definitive diagnosis.

What is the cause of ET?

While the specific cause of ET is unknown, around 40 to 50 percent of people with the disorder have a genetic mutation known as the JAK2 kinase. Other clonal mutations sometimes seen involve the calreticulin and MPL genes. ET is an extremely uncommon disorder, affecting fewer than three out of 100,000 people per year.

What is the function of platelets in blood?

Platelets are the cells responsible for blood clotting which literally stick together at the site of a laceration or injury in order to stop bleeding. In persons with ET, the presence of excessive platelets can be problematic, causing the abnormal formation of clots inside a blood vessel (a condition known as thrombosis).

What is the diagnosis of ET?

The diagnosis of ET is largely exclusionary, meaning that any other cause for the high platelet count must be first excluded in order to make a definitive diagnosis. Other conditions associated with a high platelet count include polycythemia vera, chronic myeloid leukemia, and myelofibrosis .

What is essential thrombocythemia?

Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a rare disorder in which the bone marrow produces too many platelets. ET is part of a category of diseases known as myeloproliferative disorders, a group of disorders characterized by the increased production of a particular type of blood cell. Science Photo Library - STEVE GSCHMEISSNER / Getty Images.

What does PT stand for in medical terms?

73. PT: Physical therapy, a type of treatment to help patients move and feel better.

What is a NICU?

69. NICU: Neonatal intensive care unit, a specialized unit that cares for premature infants.

What does BMI stand for?

57. BMI: Body mass index, a measure of body fat based on height and weight.

What does "pulmon/o" mean?

50. Pulmon/o: Refers to the lungs.

What is the meaning of the word "cardio"?

43. Cardi/o: Related to the heart.

What does "a" mean in medical terminology?

You likely know some of these from words outside the realm of medicine. 25. A-, an-: Lack of or without. 26. -ation: Indicates a process.

What are the medical terms used in medical charts?

You might even know some of them by a different name. 1. Abrasion: A cut or scrape that typically isn’t serious. 2. Abscess: A tender, fluid-filled pocket that forms in tissue, usually due to infection. 3.

What is the correct use of et al.?

There is a good deal of confusion surrounding et al., as is commonly the case with abbreviated Latin words (such as ibid., etc., and i.e. ).

What does "et al" mean in a text?

Et al. typically stands in for two or more names, especially in bibliographical information. It's preceded by a comma only when more than one name is listed (as in cases in which two or more texts are authored by the same person or by people with the same surname):

When to use et al?

However, it is used (albeit infrequently) in reference to other things as well. Et al. is most commonly found in scholarly writing, especially when used to avoid having to list a number of different authors in a bibliography or footnote.

Is "and others" followed by a comma?

It is only followed by a comma in cases in which the phrase "and others" would be followed by a comma:

What does EtOH stand for in alcohol?

Final Words. Medically, EtOH stands for ethanol, the fundamental or primary or basic ingredient in alcoholic products such as beverages that causes intoxication. EtOH, also known as Ethanol is said to be the other name for the or consumable alcohol that is being consumed on daily basis because it’s the only form of alcohol that is consumable.

What does Etoh mean by drinking?

To cover themselves, the consumers of Etoh describe the consumption of alcohol as a creative play, hence, referring to the acts as a lifestyle status. Some even call it social drinking. Etoh abuse or high consumption of alcohol cause effects such as pot bell, nausea etc.

How much EtOH is in hand sanitizer?

Think of hand hygiene all over the world in the ongoing Coronavirus pandemic, what comes to mind? Hand sanitizers, right? Very high quality sanitizer contains about 80% to 90% of EtOH. This make EtOH a great disinfectant at home, schools, work places and most especially at hospitals.

How to determine EtOH level?

Apart from determining the concentration of Alcohol in the body through testing of blood, EtOH level in the body can also be determined by testing the urine or conducting a test called breath tests.

What is alcohol used for?

Even in the twenty-first century EtOH or alcohol, in different forms and concentrations are used in medicine as an antidote, a disinfectant, a mouthwash etc.

How many premature deaths are caused by alcohol abuse?

The history of EtOH abuse or excess alcohol consumption record that over 2.8 million premature death occurs on yearly basis due to alcohol abuse.

What are the different types of alcohol?

Types Of Alcohol. Alcohol or ethanol comes in different types and forms. But the readily available ones include spirit, wine and Beer. Studies have shown that, in general, these types of alcohol are the most commonly used alcohols by Americans. Also, there is a different type of alcohol called Grain alcohol.

What is Essential Thrombocythemia (ET)?

Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) characterized by an increased number of platelets in the blood. Most commonly diagnosed in women over the age of 50, ET is associated with a proliferation of platelet precursors in the bone marrow and complications frequently include blood clotting and/or bleeding. Less common consequences in the later stages of ET include a transformation to myelofibrosis (marrow scarring) or acute leukemia.

What are the Symptoms of ET?

When symptoms are present, they may include fatigue, or may be related to small or large vessel disturbance or bleeding.

What is the Prognosis for ET?

When properly monitored and treated, essential thrombocythemia patients have an excellent chance of longevity.

What is bone marrow biopsy?

A bone marrow biopsy may be done to look for classical signs of ET ( e.g., an increase in platelet precursors) or to exclude an early phase of MF. Physicians may also test for gene mutations like JAK2 (occurring in approximately 50% of cases), CALR (occurring in 23.5% of cases) or MPL (occurring in up to 5% of cases).

What mutations in the JAK2 gene cause the body to make the wrong number of blood cells?

JAK2 Mutation. Approximately half of all ET patients have a mutation of the JAK2 gene in their blood-forming cells. This mutation leads to hyperactive JAK (Janus kinase) signaling, causing the body to make the wrong number of blood cells. CALR.

Why is interferon used in pregnancy?

Interferon (typically pegylated) is sometimes prescribed for ET patients. Women of childbearing age are often treated with interferon because it hasn’t been shown to cause birth defects.

What are the risk factors for et?

Risk factors associated with ET include: Gender. Women are 1.5 times more likely than men to develop essential thrombocythemia. Age. People older than 60 are most likely to develop the condition, although 20% of ET sufferers are under the age of 40. JAK2 Mutation.