What are the 10 routes of medication administration?
•Nasal – placed in the nostril •Inhalant – inhaled into the lungs •Transdermal – placed and affixed to the skin •Topical – applied to the skin or hair •Vaginal – inserted into the vagina •Rectal – inserted into the rectum •Subcutaneous – injected into the fat with a syringe Common Routes of Medication Administration
What are the different routes of administration of medication?
Routes of medication administration
- Oral route ( also called peroral)
- Topical route
- Inhalation route
- Parenteral route (other than intestine)
- Vaginal route
- Anal route
- Sub-lingual route
What is an example of parenteral medication?
Examples of many medications that are given via the parenteral method are epinephrine, Botox injections, esthetic fillers, IV antibiotics, IV infusions, chemotherapeutic drugs, and more.
What is the meaning of parenteral route?
Parenteral refers to the administering of medications through other routes aside from the digestive system, such as through injection. Learn about the definition and medical uses of parenteral, and explore types of parenteral routes. Updated: 12/27/2021 What Is Parenteral? Our exposure to needles comes early in life.
What is parenteral medication?
How to make sure the drug goes towards the patient?
How to inject a muscle?
What can be used for accurate unit dosage?
How to remove a needle after injecting?
What is Z track injection?
What angle do needles go?
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What are the 4 common parenteral route?
There are five commonly used routes of parenteral (route other than digestive tract) administration: subcutaneous (SC/SQ), intraperitoneal (IP), intravenous (IV), intrader- mal (ID), and intramuscular (IM).
How is a parenteral medication administered?
Parenteral medications enter the body by injection through the tissue and circulatory system. Injection medications are absorbed more quickly and are used with patients who are nauseated, vomiting, restricted from taking oral fluids, or unable to swallow.
What are the common route for administering medication?
Oral administration This is the most frequently used route of drug administration and is the most convenient and economic. Solid dose forms such as tablets and capsules have a high degree of drug stability and provide accurate dosage.
What route of administration is the fastest option for parenteral medications?
Intravenous (IV) Injection straight into the systemic circulation is the most common parenteral route. It is the fastest and most certain and controlled way.
What are the 3 routes used for parenteral medications?
Administration by injection (parenteral administration) includes the following routes: Subcutaneous (under the skin) Intramuscular (in a muscle) Intravenous (in a vein)
What are the parenteral routes of drug administration quizlet?
Terms in this set (16)Intravenous (IV) Within a vein; administering drugs or fluids directly into the vein to obtain a rapid or complete effect from the drug. ... Intramuscular (IM) Within the muscle. ... Subcutaneous (SC) Under the skin. ... Intradermal (ID) ... Intra-arterial. ... Intra-articular. ... Intracardia. ... Parenteral.More items...
What is the best route of drug administration and why?
Because the oral route is the most convenient and usually the safest and least expensive, it is the one most often used. However, it has limitations because of the way a drug typically moves through the digestive tract. For drugs administered orally, absorption may begin in the mouth and stomach.
What is the right route in medication?
Right Route “Route” in this case refers to where and how the medication is given to a patient. While most medications are taken orally, this is not always the case.
Which of the following routes of drug administration is the easiest and most common for small animals?
The intravenous route of delivery is the most efficient means of delivering substances to animals because it bypasses the need for solute absorption.
Which route of administration is used most often?
Oral administration of medication is a convenient, cost-effective, and most commonly used medication administration route. The primary site of drug absorption is usually the small intestine, and the bioavailability of the medication is influenced by the amount of drug absorbed across the intestinal epithelium.
When is the parenteral route of administration preferred?
Parenteral administration is preferred at times over other drug-administrations routes, such as in emergency situations of cardiac arrest and anaphylactic shock (Shi et al., 2009).
Which is more effective IV drip or IV push?
IV push injections enable vitamins, antioxidants and minerals to reach the bloodstream quickly. The medication's effects are therefore more immediate and pronounced when compared to the slower IV drip method.
Is parenteral the same as IV?
Overview. Parenteral nutrition, often called total parenteral nutrition, is the medical term for infusing a specialized form of food through a vein (intravenously).
Why are drugs administered parenterally?
Medications administered parenterally are absorbed more quickly compared to oral ingestion, meaning they have a faster onset of action. Because they do not undergo digestive processes in the gastrointestinal tract, they are metabolized differently, resulting in a stronger effect than oral medications.
Does parenteral mean IV?
Parenteral nutrition means feeding intravenously (through a vein). "Parenteral" means "outside of the digestive tract." Whereas enteral nutrition is delivered through a tube to your stomach or the small intestine, parenteral nutrition bypasses your entire digestive system, from mouth to anus.
What is an example of a parenteral medication?
Examples of common parenteral routes are intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (subcut), intradermal (ID), and intravenous (IV). Medications administered by the parenteral route generally act more quickly than oral medications because they are absorbed more rapidly into the bloodstream.
What is an example of a parenteral medication?
Stelara is an example of a parenteral medication. Stelara is indicated to treat plaque psoriasis in patients who are at least 6 years old. It's a...
What are four types of parenteral injections?
There are four parenteral injections that are most commonly known. These parenteral injections are the following: intramuscular, intradermal, sub...
What is parenteral drug administration?
It involves the administration of medications that don't enter the digestive system, commonly known as injections. Specific equipment may be neede...
Why are drugs administered parenterally?
Drugs are administered parenterally for various reasons. Some of these reasons include: (1) when an immediate onset of action is desired, (2) whe...
What is the difference between intramuscular and intradermal injection?
An intradermal injection into the top layer of skin would only need a small bore short needle as compared to an intramuscular injection, which would need a longer needle with a bore that is a bit larger to be able to reach and inject the medication into deeper and denser muscle.
What is needle gauge?
Needles are labeled with the needle gauge, in other words, the diameter or bore of the needle, followed by the length of the needle. Needle gauge measurements are not quite as expected: the smaller the number of the gauge, the larger the bore or diameter of the needle.
What are needles and syringes used for?
Syringes and needles are both single-use items needed for parenteral drug administration. Syringes should be selected based on the dose amount of medication to be administered, as well as the unit of medication to be measured. There are three main types of syringes; the first type, hypodermic syringes have milliliter measurements and come in sizes from three to sixty milliliters. These syringes are used for pretty much all medication injections over two milliliters of volume. The second type, tuberculin syringes, have tenths and hundredths of a milliliter measurements but only come in a volume of one milliliter. These are typically used to inject tuberculosis skin tests, hence the name, but can be used for the accurate delivery of medications under one milliliter. The third type, insulin syringes, have unit measurements and are designed for insulin medication administration. The size of the syringe should depend on the amount of medication being given.
How to make an injection?
Prepare a clean surface to create injection. Clean medication vial stopper with alcohol. Open a sterile unused needle and syringe to withdraw medication from a vial. Always dispose of a needle and syringe after one use. Clean injection site or intravenous line port with alcohol and let dry prior to injection.
What is the name of the injection that goes into the back of the baby?
A few of you might recognize some of these routes of injection; if you have ever had a baby perhaps you had a less frequently used route of injection such as a spinal or epidural injection into your back in the spinal or epidural space to numb the pain of labor.
How many milliliters are in a syringe?
There are three main types of syringes; the first type, hypodermic syringes have milliliter measurements and come in sizes from three to sixty milliliters. These syringes are used for pretty much all medication injections over two milliliters of volume.
What is parenteral drug?
Parenteral drugs are most commonly administered as an injection without entering the mouth, stomach, intestines, rectum or respiratory tract. The parenteral route allows medications to be directly absorbed into the body quickly and more predictably.
What is medication administration route?
A medication administration route is often classified by the location at which the drug is applied, such as oral or intravenous. The choice of routes in which the medications are applied depends not only on the convenience but also on the drug’s properties and pharmacokinetics. This activity describes medication administration routes ...
What is medication route?
A medication administration route is often classified by the location at which the drug is administered, such as oral or intravenous. The choice of routes in which the medication is given depends not only on the convenience and compliance but also on the drug’s pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic profile. Therefore it is crucial to understand the characteristics of the various routes and techniques associated with them. Many interprofessional healthcare team members are involved in the administration of medications to patients.
How is inhaled medication delivered?
An inhaled medication is delivered rapidly across the large surface area of the respiratory tract epithelium. Drugs absorbed into the pulmonary circulation enter directly into the systemic circulation via the pulmonary vein, bypassing the first-pass metabolism. The particle size of the inhaled medication is usually 1 to 10 µm for effective delivery. The efficacy of drug delivery to the lungs depends not only on the drug particle size and morphology but also on the patient’s respiratory physiology, such as tidal volume and tracheal inspiration velocity. [4]
Where to administer intravenous medication?
Intravenous injection is the most common parental route of medication administration and has the benefit of bypassing the first-pass metabolism by the liver. Given their superficial location on the skin, peripheral veins provide easy access to the circulatory system and are often utilized in the parenteral administration of medications. The upper extremity is usually the preferred site for intravenous medication as it has a lower incidence of thrombophlebitis and thrombosis than the lower limbs. The median basilic or cephalic veins of the arm or the metacarpal veins on the hand's dorsum are commonly used. In the lower extremity, the dorsal venous plexus of the foot can be used.
Why is nitroglycerin sublingual?
For instance, nitroglycerin is cleared more than 90% during a single pass through the liver; therefore, it is given as a sublingual form. The sublingual and buccal routes also have advantages of rapid absorption, convenience, and low infection incidence.
Why do you need a tourniquet when injecting intravenous medication?
A tourniquet may be used over the site intended for the intravenous medication to make the vein more visible and easier to access. However, when used, the tourniquet must be removed before injecting the medication to prevent extravasation. In central lines or peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) lines for the medication administration, ultrasound guidance is often used. [10]
Which muscle is used for intramuscular medication?
An intramuscular medication route can be administered in different body muscles, including deltoid, dorsogluteal, ventrogluteal, rectus femoris, or vastus lateralis muscles.
Where to put fentanyl patch?
It is important to place a fentanyl patch in a location from which the animal cannot remove it, such as on the intrascapular region. It should not be applied to skin that will be in contact with a heating pad, a heat lamp, or another external heat source because
When an intraosseous catheter or needle must be placed into the femur, the hip region is s?
When an intraosseous catheter or needle must be placed into the femur, the hip region is shaved and aseptically prepared. The patient is placed in lateral recumbency, and the technician stands at the dorsum of the patient. Which landmark on the femur should be identified via palpation?
Where is the jugular catheter placed?
Placement of the jugular catheter is best done with the patient in sternal recumbency.
What happens when you insert a needle into a subcutaneous injection?
Once the needle has been inserted for a subcutaneous injection, the syringe plunger is retracted slightly, and the needle hub is checked for blood prior to giving the injection. If blood appears in the hub
Where to inject heartworm injection?
Deep lumbar injections in the third to fifth lumbar region are used to administer heartworm treatment. However, placement of the needle in the lumbosacral muscles is not recommended in ____________.
Can solid medications be sticky?
Some solid medications are sticky when administered orally, and prolonged contact with the esophageal mucosa can lead to serious complications. What can be done in order to manage this?
What is parenteral drug administration?
Parenteral drug administration is any non-oral administration, generally meaning an injection route. Parenteral drugs are administered by several routes. Intravenous (IV), is fast-acting and carries the greatest risk of all parenteral routes. Intramuscular (IM) is also absorbed fast, and common injections sites include the deltoid, vastus lateralis, ventrogluteal and dorsogluteal muscles. Common medications administered IM include vaccines, such as the flu shot and epinephrine. There should be no more than 3 mL of medication administered into an IM injection site, and for the deltoid, the limit is 2 mL. The subcutaneous injection (SC) route is absorbed slower, and the most common injection sites are the abdomen (about two inches away from the navel) the arm (the back or side of the upper arm) or the front of the thigh. Commonly administered SC medications are insulin and hormones. Medications administered by subcutaneous injection include drugs that can be given in small volumes (1 mL, but up to 2 mL is safe). Intradermal injections (ID) are administered into the dermis, below the epidermis. Medication administered into the dermis takes the longest to absorb of all the parenteral routes. The most common sites for this injection is the back of the forearm, and the upper back, under the scapula. These injections are given for diagnostic purposes, such as tuberculosis or allergy testing.The dosage for ID injections is usually under 0.5 mL.
Why do you need intramuscular injections?
Intramuscular (IM) injections may be used instead of IV because some drugs are irritating to veins, and/or it may be used instead of oral administration because some drugs are destroyed by the digestive system when a drug is swallowed. The intramuscular injections are absorbed faster than subcutaneous injections, because muscle tissue has a greater blood supply, as well as being able to hold a larger volume of medication than subcutaneous tissue.
Which muscle is safe to inject?
Common injection sites include the deltoid muscle in the arm, the vastus lateralis muscle of the thigh, the ventrogluteal muscle of the hip (which is the safest site for adults and children over the age of seven months, as it’s deep and not close to any major blood vessels and nerve), and the dorsogluteal muscles of the buttocks, which used to be the commonly selected site, but is not recommended as it has risk for injury because of proximity to the sciatic nerve.
Where is intradermal injection absorbed?
Intradermal injections (ID) are administered into the dermis, below the epidermis. Medication administered into the dermis is absorbed slowly because of the limited blood supply of the skin, so of all the parenteral routes, it is the longest absorption time.
What is SC injection?
With this type of medication administration is where a short needle is used to inject a drug into the tissue layer between the skin and the muscle. SC injections are absorbed more slowly than if injected into a vein, sometimes over a period of 24 hours. This type of administration may be used instead of oral administration because some drugs are destroyed by the digestive system when a drug is swallowed.
What is IV medication?
The intravenous (IV) route of administration can deliver a fast-acting effect, which is vital in emergency situations. IV medications are also useful for pain management and are more easily absorbed compared to the other route of parenteral administration.
What is the medication that is administered via IM?
Common medications administered IM include vaccines, such as the flu shot. Epinephrine, which comes in an automated injector form (EpiPen) is intended to be administered via IM, but can be administered subcutaneously as well.
What are the two most frequent routes for intraspinal drug delivery?
Intraspinal route: This involves the administration of a drug within the vertebral column. The two most frequent routes for intraspinal drug delivery are epidural route and intrathecal route .
What is parenteral administration?
VIEWS. The parenteral route (also referred to as injection route) is the fastest and the second commonest route of drug administration. The term parenteral is made up of two words – par meaning beyond and enteral meaning intestine. Hence, we can say that parenteral administration literally means introduction of substances into ...
What is the intralymphatic route?
Intralymphatic route: Intralymphatic route involves administration of drugs into a lymph node or a vessel. It is used, for example, for the administration of stem cells during the treatment of autoimmune diseases, antitumoural therapy, and/or for diagnosis purposes (contrast reagents injection). 8.
How is parenteral administration performed?
Parenteral administration of drugs can be performed by injection (small volumes), infusion (large volumes), or implant, and while its typical goal is to achieve rapid systemic effects, it can also be used locally on a given region, tissue or organ by injecting the drug substance directly on the site of action, in order to achieve high drug concentrations in the site of action and/or minimize systemic adverse effects.
What is intraarterial route?
2. Intraarterial route: Intraarterial route involves direct administration to an artery, generally for local effects over irrigated organs or tissues. For example, antineoplastic injected in the surroundings of the tumor, with a decrease of systemic adverse effects. It is also useful for the administration of vasodilators in arterial embolisms or contrast media for arteriography.
Why is intradermic administration used?
Due to the extremely low blood supply to the dermis, intradermic administration implies almost null systemic absorption of the drug. It is usually used for vaccines (e.g., BCG vaccines) and for local anesthesia, as well as for diagnostic purposes in hypersensitivity tests. 6.
What is the epidural route?
a. Epidural route: This is a method of drug administration in which a medicine is injected on or over the dura mater. The drug must be filtered through fat and veins to reach the nervous roots, thus delaying the beginning of the effect. It supports permanent catheter collation.
What is parenteral medication?
Parenteral Medications – Four Injection Routes. It is an ESSENTIAL SKILL that separates nurses from other profession. Professional nursing life is considered INCOMPLETE if this skill has never been tried or has never been practiced. The skill is the ability to INJECT parenteral medications. Nurses must remember by HEART ...
How to make sure the drug goes towards the patient?
Fold the IV tubing above the injection port with your nondominant hand, while the dominant hand injects the drug IV tubing. This makes sure that the drug goes towards the patient and not up the IV, towards the drip chamber.
How to inject a muscle?
Steps and Injection technique: With gloves on your hands, locate the injection site and sterilize site with an alcohol pad. Tap the site gently to stimulate the nerve endings and minimize pain when needle is inserted. Grasp the site with your non dominant hand firmly to lift the muscular tissue.
What can be used for accurate unit dosage?
Insulin syringes and insulin pens can be used for accurate unit dosage.
How to remove a needle after injecting?
After injecting the drug, gently but quickly remove the needle at the same angle it was inserted.
What is Z track injection?
Z-track injection is a type of intramuscular injection of irritating drug such as Iron Dextran. This method promotes absorption of the drug by preventing drug leakage into the subcutaneous layer.
What angle do needles go?
Needle must approach the skin almost parallel (10-15 degree angle) and its bevel up.
