What is the structure of a chromosome?
Chromosomes are thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells. Each chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
Which structures are responsible for the movement of chromosomes in metaphase?
The structures that are responsible for the movement of chromosomes to the center of the cell in metaphase is the spindle fibers, the cell attaches the centromeres to the spindle fibers to pull the sister chromatids to the center
What are chromosomes and where are they located?
Chromosomes are thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells. What is a chromosome? Chromosomes are thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells. Each chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
Why is it called a chromosome?
The term chromosome comes from the Greek words for color (chroma) and body (soma). Scientists gave this name to chromosomes because they are cell structures, or bodies, that are strongly stained by some colorful dyes used in research. What is a chromosome? Chromosomes are thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells.
What holds the chromosomes in place?
The SMC-kleisin protein complexes play a key role in this process. They consist of two arms (SMC) and a bridge (kleisin). The arms wrap around the DNA like a ring and thus can connect duplicated chromosomes or two distant parts of the same chromosome with each other.
What is the name of the structure located in the middle of the chromosome where the sister chromatids are attached?
The two “sister” chromatids are joined at a constricted region of the chromosome called the centromere. During cell division, spindle fibers attach to the centromere and pull each of the sister chromatids to opposite sides of the cell.
What structure holds the chromosomes in the middle of the cell during metaphase?
During metaphase, the cell's chromosomes align themselves in the middle of the cell through a type of cellular "tug of war." The chromosomes, which have been replicated and remain joined at a central point called the centromere, are called sister chromatids.
What is the name of the thread like structure that holds the chromosomes in the center of the cell during metaphase and anaphase?
the spindleThese tubules, collectively known as the spindle, extend from structures called centrosomes — with one centrosome located at each of the opposite ends, or poles, of a cell.
What connects chromosomes in the middle?
Spindle fibers form a protein structure that divides the genetic material in a cell. The spindle is necessary to equally divide the chromosomes in a parental cell into two daughter cells during both types of nuclear division: mitosis and meiosis.
What is the spindle in a cell?
Spindle fibers are found in eukaryotic cells and are a component of the cytoskeleton as well as cilia and flagella. Spindle fibers are part of a spindle apparatus that moves chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis to ensure even chromosome distribution between daughter cells.
Where is the centromere?
The centromere is a very specific part of the chromosome. When you look at the chromosomes, there's a part that is not always right in the middle, but it's somewhere between one-third and two-thirds of the way down the chromosome. It's called the centromere.
What is centromere and telomere?
Definition. Centromere is a structure present in the chromosomes that binds the two sister chromatids together. Telomeres are repetitive sequences of nucleotides present at the end of chromosomes. Sequence. Centromeres are made up of repeated satellite DNA where the sequence in each repeat is similar but not identical.
What is centromere function?
The primary function of the centromere is to provide the foundation for assembly of the kinetochore, which is a protein complex essential to proper chromosomal segregation during mitosis. In electron micrographs of mitotic chromosomes, kinetochores appear as platelike structures composed of several layers (Figure 4).
What structure holds the individual chromatids together?
centromerescentromeres. … that holds together the two chromatids (the daughter strands of a replicated chromosome). The centromere is the point of attachment of the kinetochore, a structure to which the microtubules of the mitotic spindle become anchored.
What does a centrosome look like?
Centrosomes are made up of two, barrel-shaped clusters of microtubules called “centrioles” and a complex of proteins that help additional microtubules to form. This complex is also known as the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC), since it helps organize the spindle fibers during mitosis.
What anchors the spindle?
During mitosis, the spindle fibers will bind to a protein complex (known as the kinetochore) at the center of the chromosome. The kinetochore serves as an anchor, allowing the spindle fibers to retract and separate the sister chromatids.
Answer
The structures that are responsible for the movement of chromosomes to the center of the cell in metaphase is the spindle fibers, the cell attaches the centromeres to the spindle fibers to pull the sister chromatids to the center
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