What is the best stretch for the pectoralis minor?
- Stand against the outer corner of a room or in a doorway. ...
- Place your right forearm against the corner of the wall with your left side open to the room.
- Gently press into your right forearm as you lean your left side into the open space of the doorway or room to feel a stretch in your right pectoral muscle.
Which muscle lies deep to the pectoralis major?
The subclavius muscle is a small muscle that lies deep to pectoralis major muscle. It passes from rib I at the junction between the rib and its costal cartilage to a groove on the inferior (lower) surface of the clavicle.
What are the most common causes of pectoral muscle pain?
What Causes Pain in the Pectoral Muscles?
- Pectoral muscle pain causes. Most pectoral muscle pain is caused by injury, usually due to weight exercises. ...
- Other causes of chest pain. Pain in the chest is not always because of pectoral or other muscle problems. ...
- Treatment of pectoral muscle pain. Most strains and partial tears of the pectoralis major are managed by conservative treatment. ...
What is an antagonistic muscle to the pectoralis major?
Pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi act as antagonists. The middle region of the deltoid muscle is the prime mover for arm abduction. The pectoralis major acts as an antagonist to the middle deltoid anteriorly, whilst the latissimus dorsi acts as the antagonist posteriorly.
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What does the pectoralis major muscle do?
The pectoralis major extends across the upper part of the chest and is attached to a ridge at the rear of the humerus (the bone of the upper arm). Its major actions are adduction, or depression, of the arm (in opposition to the action of the deltoideus muscle) and rotation of the arm forward about the axis of the body.
What is the function of the pectoralis major and minor?
It makes up the bulk of the chest muscles and lies under the breast. Beneath the pectoralis major is the pectoralis minor, a thin, triangular muscle. The pectoralis major's primary functions are flexion, adduction, and internal rotation of the humerus.
What are the two major actions of the pectoralis major?
Actions of Pectoralis Major Muscle: Flex the arm at the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint. Extends the arm at the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint from a flexed position.
What nerve controls pectoralis major?
Lateral Pectoral Nerve5 Lateral Pectoral Nerve. The pectoral nerves supply the pectoralis major and minor. The lateral pectoral nerve arises from the fifth through to the seventh cervical nerves (C5–C7) and is the larger of the two pectoral nerves. It arises from the lateral cord or from the anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks ...
What does pectoralis major pain feel like?
The first sensation felt when the pectoralis major muscle is torn is sudden pain. This pain is usually felt at the front of the armpit and is sometimes felt across the chest. At the same time you may also feel something 'tearing' in your chest. In minor tears you may be able to continue participating with slight pain.
How can you injure your pectoralis major?
Bench pressing is the most common cause of injury, but other activities leading to injury include rugby, skiing, football, wrestling, hockey, and parachuting. Pectoralis major injuries typically occur in men aged 20 to 40, and have affected several New York Giants football players.
What causes pectoral muscle pain?
Pectoral muscle pain causes Most pectoral muscle pain is caused by injury, usually due to weight exercises. The bench press is most often associated with such injury. The pain occurs at the attachment of the muscle to the humerus and the front of the armpit. A severe injury can cause the pectoralis muscle to tear.
How do you test your pectoralis major?
0:311:53Pectoralis Major and Minor Muscle Tightness Test - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipIf you fail to bring the elbows down to the bench this indicates a shortened pectoralis major yourMoreIf you fail to bring the elbows down to the bench this indicates a shortened pectoralis major your patient can also give you information on the sensation of muscle stretch.
What is the pectoralis minor?
The pectoralis minor muscle is one of the most superficial muscles on the anterior aspect of the chest or thoracic wall, located deep only to the pectoralis major muscle. It is one of the anterior axioappendicular (thoracoappendicular) muscles, together with the pectoralis major, subclavius and serratus anterior.
What is the origin and insertion of the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles?
The insertion of the pectoralis major is at the lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus. There are 2 heads of the pectoralis major, the clavicular and the sternocostal, which reference their area of origin[1][2]. The sternocostal head is described as having between 2 to 7 distinct segments.
What are the 4 pectoral muscles?
MusclesPectoralis major.Pectoralis minor.Serratus anterior.Subclavius.
What part of the body does the pectoralis major move quizlet?
1. The pectoralis major muscle, which fleshes out the anterior chest(and inserts on the humerus), is a primemover of arm flexion.
What are the pectoralis majors?
You have two pectoralis majors or "pecs," one on each side of your chest. These large muscles help you move your shoulder. These muscles help pull your arm across the front of your body. Injury to the pectoralis major can cause shoulder pain and limit your ability to use your arm fully.
Where is the pectoralis major located?
If you place one hand on the front of your shoulder and slide it in toward your breast bone, your pecs reside under the layer of fatty tissue or breast tissue of your chest.
How to heal a ruptured pectoralis?
Healing from a pectoralis major rupture is different for everyone. Check with your doctor and physical therapist before starting any exercises or stretches for your pec injury. If a pinched nerve is causing your pectoralis major weakness, the first step is to take the pressure off the nerve.
What does it feel like to have a ruptured pectoralis major?
Pain in the front of your shoulder. Swelling in the front of your shoulder. Difficulty moving your arm inward or across your body. A visible or palpable divot in the front of your shoulder. Bruising in your chest or upper arm. If you think you've ruptured or torn your pectoralis major, seek immediate medical attention.
What causes a pectoralis to rupture?
While rare, a pectoralis major rupture can happen if the amount of force applied to the muscle overloads the tendon and causes it to tear.
How long does it take for a pectoralis major to heal?
This will give the tendon time to heal. The length of the initial rest period will depend on how severe the injury is, but 3 weeks is about average. 4 .
Which part of the pectoralis is innervated by the lateral pectoral nerve?
The pectoralis major muscle is supplied with nerves (innervated) from the brachial plexus. The upper part of the muscle is innervated by the lateral pectoral nerve that comes from cervical levels five, six, and seven.
How many sets of fibers are there in the pectoralis major?
Six separate sets of muscle fiber have been identified within the pectoralis major muscle, allowing portions of the muscle to be moved independently by the nervous system. Injuries to the pectoralis major can occur during weightlifting, as well as other bodybuilding exercises that place excessive strain on the shoulders and chest.
What muscle is the largest in the chest?
Pectoralis major. The pectoralis major muscle is a large muscle in the upper chest, fanning across the chest from the shoulder to the breastbone. The two pectoralis major muscles, commonly referred to as the ‘pecs,’ are the muscles that create the bulk of the chest.
Which muscle is responsible for creating the bulk of the chest?
The two pectoralis major muscles, commonly referred to as the ‘pecs,’ are the muscles that create the bulk of the chest.
What muscle is used to control the movement of the arm?
A second pectoral muscle, the pectoralis minor, lies beneath the pectoralis major. The pectorals are predominantly used to control the movement of the arm, with the contractions of the pectoralis major pulling on the humerus to create lateral, vertical, or rotational motion.
What is the lower part of the pectoralis major?
Lower part of pectoralis major: A forward depression of the shoulder girdle from the pull of pectoralis major on the humerus often accompanies the pull of the tight pectoralis minor on the scapula. Flexion and abduction ranges of motion overhead are limited.
Which joint is the pectoralis major adducting?
With the origin fixed, the pectoralis major adducts, medially rotates, and transversely adducts arm at glenohumeral joint. It assists in flexion of the arm (via its clavicular head) and It assists in extension of the arm (via the sternocostal head) at the glenohumeral joint.
How to test clavicular head of pectoralis major?
The clavicular head of pectoralis major can be tested by transversely adducting the arm at the glenohumeral joint against resistance, during which It can be seen and palpated.
How many heads does the Pectoralis Makor have?
The pectoralis makor consists of two heads; the clavicular and sternocostal head :
What is the most superficial muscle in the pectoral region?
The pectoralis major is the most superficial muscle in the pectoral region. It is large and fan shaped, and is composed of a sternal head and a clavicular head.[1] The pectoralis major is active in deep or forced inspiration, but not expiration. [2]
What is the position of the triceps in a humeral extension?
Position: Supine. The examiner holds the opposite shoulder firmly on the table. The triceps maintains the elbow on the extension. Test: Starting with the elbow extended and with the shoulder in 90 degrees flexion and slight medially rotation, the humerus is horizontally adducted towards the sternal end of clavicle. Pressure: Against the forearm in direction of horizontal abduction.
Where does the nerve supply to the pectoralis major come from?
Nerve supply to pectoralis major comes from brachial plexus. Nerve of the upper fibers: Lateral pectoral nerve, C5,6,7. Nerves to the lower fibers: Lateral and medial pectoral nerve, C6, 7,8, T1.
What is the function of the pectoralis major?
The pectoralis major's primary functions are flexion, adduction, and internal rotation of the humerus. The pectoral major may colloquially be referred to as "pecs", "pectoral muscle" or "chest muscle" due to it being the largest and most superficial muscle in the chest area.
How does hypertrophy of the pectoralis major occur?
Hypertrophy of the pectoralis major increases functionality. Maximal activation of the pectoralis major occurs in the transverse plane through pressing motions. Both multi-joint and single-joint exercises induce pectoralis major hypertrophy. A combination of both single-joint and multi-joint exercises will result in a maximum hypertrophic response. [Aesthetic contours of regions in the muscle may be specifically-addressed (“targeted”) by specific exercises; for instance, “plating” or “stitching” of the pectoralis major —towards the center of the sternum —-may be targeted by a wider hand position.] The pectoralis major can be targeted from numerous training angles along the sternum and clavicle. Exercises that include horizontal adduction and elbow extensions such as the barbell bench press, dumbbell bench press, and machine bench press induce high activation of the pectoralis major in the sternocostal region. Heavy loads are strongly correlated with pectoralis major activation.
What is the clavicular head?
Clavicular head: anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle. Depression and abduction of the scapula. The pectoralis major (from Latin pectus ' breast ') is a thick, fan-shaped or triangular convergent muscle, situated at the chest of the human body.
What is the name of the muscle that makes up the bulk of the chest muscles?
The pectoralis major (from Latin pectus ' breast ') is a thick, fan-shaped or triangular convergent muscle, situated at the chest of the human body. It makes up the bulk of the chest muscles and lies under the breast. Beneath the pectoralis major is the pectoralis minor, a thin, triangular muscle.
Which head flexes the humerus?
The clavicular head flexes the humerus, and the sternocostal head adducts the humerus. As a whole the action is to adduct and medially rotate the humerus. It also draws the scapula anteriorly and inferiorly. The pectoralis major has four actions which are primarily responsible for movement of the shoulder joint.
Where does the clavicular head receive innervation?
The clavicular head receives innervation from the C5 and C6 nerve roots via the upper trunk and lateral cord of the brachial plexus, which gives off the lateral pectoral nerve. The lateral pectoral nerve is distributed over the deep surface of the pectoralis major.
Which nerves innervate the pectoralis major?
The pectoralis major receives dual motor innervation by the medial pectoral nerve and the lateral pectoral nerve, also known as the lateral anterior thoracic nerve. The sternal head receives innervation from the C7, C8 and T1 nerve roots, via the lower trunk of the brachial plexus and the medial pectoral nerve.
Where is the pectoral major located?
The pectorals major is a very large muscle and spans most of the chest. The widest part of the muscle originates at the breastbone, known as the sternum, and then attaches at the other end of the muscle at the upper head of the humerus at the shoulder. This is what helps gives this muscle so much of its ability to help your shoulder and arm move the way they do.
How many actions does the pectoralis major have?
There are three main actions of the pectoralis major:
Where is the largest muscle in the chest?
In this lesson we discussed the largest muscle of the chest, the pectoralis major . We looked at the definition of this muscle and learned that the name is derived from Latin. We saw where the muscle is located, between the sternum and its attachment point at the top of the humerus at the shoulder. We also covered the various functions of the pectoralis major, including shoulder flexion, adduction, and internal rotation, which provided a greater understanding of this important muscle of the chest.
What muscle is Ch 10.?
Ch 10. Muscles of the Upper Arm
Where does the name "pectoralis" come from?
Names for the muscles of the human body are usually derived from Latin or Greek. In this case, the word pectoralis comes from the Latin word for chest or breast. The secondary term, major, means large. There is a second pectoralis muscle, known as the pectoralis minor, and as you might have guessed, this muscle is the smaller of the two. Both the pectoralis major and minor are triangle-shaped muscles that fan out from the humerus, which is the upper arm bone.
What muscles do bench press work?
When most people think of the muscles of the chest, a common exercise that comes to mind is the bench press. With this exercise you lay down on a bench and press weight up and down, on and off of the chest. And while this particular exercise does in fact utilize the pectoralis major, any bodybuilder will tell you that the bench press utilizes muscles in your arm and shoulders as well. Due to the pectoralis major's size and location, there are a few different movements that the muscle helps you perform.
What does pectoralis major do ?
Pectoralis major muscle do mainly are adduction of shoulder joint or depression of the arm and rotation of the arm forward about the axis of the body (Internal rotation).
What is the function of the pectoralis major?
The pectoralis major is the pectoralis minor, a flimsy, three-sided muscle. The pectoralis major’s primary functions are flexion, adduction, and internal rotation of the humerus.
Which muscle flexes the humerus?
Acting autonomously, the clavicular piece of the muscle flexes the humerus up to 90 degrees in a flat plane. The sternocostal part of the muscle can deliver the adversarial development and stretch out the humerus back to the physical position.
What causes a pectoralis to pop?
Pectoralis major strain is most commonly caused by an indirect mechanism, such as forced abduction against resistance, involuntary contraction, and severe traction on the arm. In weight lifting, the injury occurs during the eccentric phase of contraction,Patients may feel a “pop” or tearing sensation as they move from maximal eccentric contraction to concentric contraction.
Which nerve innervates the pectoralis major?
The pectoralis major gets two engine innervation by the average pectoral nerve and the parallel pectoral nerve, otherwise called the horizontal front thoracic nerve.
What is the deltoid muscle?
The Deltoid muscle is a thick, triangular shoulder muscle.The deltoid muscle (acromial part) is the main abductor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint (Shoulder joint).
Which muscle pulls the trunk forwards or upwards when its humeral attachment is fixed?
Acting together with the of latissimus dorsi muscle, the pectoralis major muscle pulls the trunk forwards or upwards when its humeral attachment is fixed. This action is important in activities such as climbing. When acting from the humeral attachment, the pectoralis major muscle also facilitates the act of inspiration. This is particularly important during forced breathing in physical distress.
What is a Pectoralis major strain?
The pectoralis major muscle is a large powerful muscle at the front of the chest. It used to rotate the arm inwards, pull a horizontal arm across the body, pull the arm from above the head down and pull the arm from the side upwards.
What to do if you have a torn pectoral muscle?
Treatment of a pectoralis major strain. If you suspect a torn pectoral muscle then seek professional medical attention as soon as possible. It is often a serious musce injury which may require surgery.
How to tell if you have a PEC major sprain?
There is likely to be rapid swelling of the front of the shoulder and upper arm. Tests which reproduce pain help confirm the diagnosis.
Where does the pectoralis major originate?
The pectoralis major, the larger and more superficial, originates at the clavicle (collarbone), the sternum, the ribs, and a tendinous extension of the external oblique abdominal muscle. The pectoralis major extends across the upper part of the chest and is attached to a ridge at the rear of the humerus (the bone of the upper arm).
Which muscle is anchored in the chest?
The pectoralis muscle, anchored in the chest, is important in the downward motion of the entire arm and in quadrupeds pulls the limb backward in locomotion.…
What muscles are involved in adduction?
Its major actions are adduction, or depression, of the arm (in opposition to the action of the deltoideus muscle) and rotation of the arm forward about the axis of the body. When the raised arms are fixed (as in mountain climbing), it assists the latissimus dorsi and teres major muscles in pulling the trunk up.
Which muscle connects the front walls of the chest to the bones of the upper arm and shoulder?
Pectoralis muscle , any of the muscles that connect the front walls of the chest with the bones of the upper arm and shoulder. There are two such muscles on each side of the sternum (breastbone) in the human body: pectoralis major and pectoralis minor.
Anatomy
Function
- The pectoralis major helps you pull your arm across the front of your body (adduction). The muscle also works with your rotator cuff(subscapularis) to allow you to rotate your arm in. When your arm is fixed or bearing weight, the pectoralis major works with the latissimus dorsiand other scapular stabilizers to elevate your body. Using your arms to push or using crutches are two exa…
Associated Conditions
- While rare, a pectoralis major rupturecan happen if the amount of force applied to the muscle overloads the tendon and causes it to tear. Pectoralis muscle tears are graded according to severity.1 1. Grade I:Simple overstretching of the tendon 2. Grade II:Tendon is overstretched and partially torn 3. Grade III:Full-thickness tear of the pectoralis tendon According to published cas…
Rehabilitation
- If you think you have injured your pecs, you'll need to see your healthcare provider. A correct and timely diagnosis is the first step to treating a pectoralis major injury. If you injure your pectoralis major, you will need to rest and not move your shoulder (immobilization). This will give the tendon time to heal. The length of the initial rest period will depend on how severe the injury is, but 3 we…
A Word from Verywell
- If you've injured your pectoralis major, the first step in treating the injury is to rest. You may also need to have surgery. Once the muscle has had time to heal, working with a physical therapist will help with proper healing, and improve the range of motion and strength in your shoulder, while avoiding further injury.
Description
Origin
- The pectoralis makor consists of two heads; the clavicular and sternocostal head : 1. Clavicular head– originates from the anterior surface of the medial half of clavicle. 2. Sternocostal head – is the larger of the two heads and originates from : 2.1. The anterior surface of the manubrium and body of sternum, 2.2. The anterior surface of the superior six costal cartilages. 2.3. Superior par…
Insertion
- The upper and lower fibers of pectoralis major insert to the crest of greater tubercle of the humerus. Upper fibers are more anterior and caudal on the crest, while posterior fibers twist on themselves and are more posterior and cranial than the upper fibers. Image 3: The crest of the greater tubercle forms the lateral lip of the bicipital groove and is the site for insertion of pectora…
Nerve Supply and Arterial Supply
- The 2 heads of the pectoralis major have different nervous supplies. 1. The clavicular head derives its nerve supply from the lateral pectoral nerve. The lateral pectoral nerve arises directly from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus 2. The medial pectoral nerve innervates the sternocostal head. The medial pectoral nerve arises from the medial cord. Modified radical mas…
Function
- The function of the pectoralis major is 3-fold and dependent on which heads of muscles are involved. 1. With the origin fixed, the pectoralis major adducts, medially rotates, and transversely adducts arm at glenohumeral joint. 2. It assists in flexion of the arm (via its clavicular head) 3. It assists in extension of the arm (via the sternocostal head) at the glenohumeral joint. 4. It depres…
Physiotherapy Relevance
- Palpation
The two heads of pectoralis major muscle can be tested separately: 1. The clavicular head of pectoralis major can be tested by transversely adducting the arm at the glenohumeral joint against resistance, during which It can be seen and palpated. 2. The sternocostal head of petora… - Strength
Upper (clavicular) part of pectoralis major. Position - Supine. 1. The examiner holds the opposite shoulder firmly on the table. 2. The triceps maintains the elbow on the extension. 3. Test: Starting with the elbow extended and with the shoulder in 90 degrees flexion and slight medially rotation…
See Also
Overview
The pectoralis major (from Latin pectus 'breast') is a thick, fan-shaped or triangular convergent muscle, situated at the chest of the human body. It makes up the bulk of the chest muscles and lies under the breast. Beneath the pectoralis major is the pectoralis minor, a thin, triangular muscle. The pectoralis major's primary functions are flexion, adduction, and internal rotation of the humerus. Th…
Structure
It arises from the anterior surface of the sternal half of the clavicle from breadth of the half of the anterior surface of the sternum, as low down as the attachment of the cartilage of the sixth or seventh rib; from the cartilages of all the true ribs, with the exception, frequently, of the first or seventh, and from the aponeurosis of the abdominal external oblique muscle.
Function
The pectoralis major has four actions which are primarily responsible for movement of the shoulder joint. The first action is flexion of the humerus, as in throwing a ball underhand, and in lifting a child. Secondly, it adducts the humerus, as when flapping the arms. Thirdly, it rotates the humerus medially, as occurs when arm-wrestling. Fourthly the pectoralis major is also responsible f…
Clinical significance
Tears of the pectoralis major are rare and typically affect otherwise healthy individuals. This type of injury is known to affect the athletic population, namely in high-impact contact sports such as powerlifting, and may result in pain, weakness, and disability. Most lesions are located at the musculotendinous junction and result from violent, eccentric contraction of the muscle, such as d…
See also
• Pectoralis minor, an inferior, smaller muscle to the pectoralis major
• Sternalis, an accessory muscle found in some individuals that may have embryonic origin from the pectoralis major
• Tra Telligman, a retired American mixed martial artist and boxer having only one pectoral muscle
External links
• Illustration: upper-body/pectoralis-major from The Department of Radiology at the University of Washington
• UCC
• www.polands-syndrome.com
• MRI Imaging sequence demonstrating a pectoralis major muscle tear