Full Answer
What does the prenatal period refer to?
While you might think of child development as something that begins during infancy, the prenatal period is also considered an important part of the developmental process. Prenatal development is a time of remarkable change that helps set the stage for future psychological development. The brain develops over the course of the prenatal period, but it will continue to go through more changes during the early years of childhood
What period of time is considered the neonatal period?
The neonatal period is the first four weeks of an infant's life, whether the baby was carried to term or born prematurely. It's a time of rapid change and development where patterns for infancy, like feeding and bonding, are developed.
What the period of pregnancy is called?
the period of pregnancy is called. gestation. what is the usual place of fertilization of an egg? fallopian tubes. the cervix is superior to the. vagina, rugae, bartholin glands. an entrance to a cavity or space is the. orifice. In which cycle does the endometrium shed the lining of the uterus?
What is the correct order of the three prenatal stages?
- Ectoderm: Skin and nervous system
- Endoderm: Digestive and respiratory systems
- Mesoderm: Muscle and skeletal systems
What is prenatal period?
The prenatal period is the period of time before birth. A woman's nutritional needs are high during this time. Because a woman may not know that she is pregnant, she may be poorly nourished. She may also consume alcohol or caffeine in excess, which may affect the growing embryo or fetus.
How long is the prenatal period?
Prenatal development starts at conception and ends with the birth of your baby. It takes about 40 weeks or nine months to create a new life, and your pregnancy is broken into three, 12-week trimesters. Each trimester brings about new changes and developments.
What are the 3 prenatal periods?
From beginning as a one-cell structure to your birth, your prenatal development occurred in an orderly and delicate sequence. There are three stages of prenatal development: germinal, embryonic, and fetal.
What is prenatal period and postnatal period?
Perinatal is the period of time when you become pregnant and up to a year after giving birth. You might also have heard of the following terms: Antenatal or pre-natal meaning 'before birth' Postnatal or postpartum meaning 'after birth'
Why is prenatal period important?
Pre-Pregnancy and prenatal care can help prevent complications and inform women about important steps they can take to protect their infant and ensure a healthy pregnancy. With regular prenatal care women can: Reduce the risk of pregnancy complications.
What is the shortest prenatal period?
the germinal stageThe shortest stage of prenatal development is the germinal stage that lasts about two weeks, from the moment of conception until implantation occurs. The embryonic stage of development takes up the next 6 weeks, with the fetal stage lasting for the final seven months of pregnancy.
What causes prenatal?
Prenatal risk factors include chronic maternal illness, certain maternal infections, toxin exposures and nutritional deficiencies. Risk factors in the perinatal period include pregnancy-related complications, prematurity and low birth weight, and infection exposure during pregnancy or at time of birth.
What are the characteristics of the prenatal period?
All the essential features of the body, both external and internal, are established. The embryo begins to turn in the uterus, and there is spontaneous movement of the limbs. The placenta, the umbilical cord, and the amniotic sac develop; these protect and nourish the embryo.
What should be done during prenatal period?
Important parts of prenatal careGo to the doctor early and regularly. ... Start taking folic acid everyday. ... Get any medical conditions under control. ... Make sure your vaccinations are up to date. ... Stop smoking and drinking alcohol.
What's the difference between prenatal and postnatal?
The difference between prenatal and postnatal vitamins is actually pretty simple. In short, prenatals are designed to be taken prior to and during pregnancy, while postnatals should be taken for six months after birth (or longer if you are breastfeeding).
What are the 3 stages of prenatal development quizlet?
This period is generally divided into three stages: the germinal stage, the embryonic stage, and the fetal stage.
Which of the 3 prenatal periods is the most critical and sensitive period and why?
The first trimester of pregnancy is defined as up to the 14th week of pregnancy (13 weeks and 6 days) counting since the first day of your last menstrual period. Harmful exposures during the first trimester have the greatest chance of causing major birth defects.
Which is the longest of the 3 prenatal stages?
The last and the longest stage of prenatal development is called the fetal stage, and it lasts from the ninth week until birth.
How are blastomeres transported?
The cohering blastomeres are transported downward chiefly, at least, by muscular contractions of the tubal wall. Such transport is relatively rapid until the lower end of the tube is reached, and here cleavage continues for about two days before the multicellular cluster is expelled into the uterus. The full reason for this delay is not clear, but it serves to retain the cleaving blastomeres until the uterine lining is suitably prepared to receive its prospective guest.
What is the female pronucleus of a ripe egg?
Following the separation of the second polar body (one or two polar bodies are produced during division), the oocyte nucleus typically reconstitutes and is then called the female pronucleus of the ripe egg. It is now ready to unite with its male counterpart and thereby consummate the total events of fertilization.
What is the term for a cell that tries to penetrate an egg to fertilize it?
A sperm cell attempting to penetrate an egg (ovum) to fertilize it.
What is prenatal development?
Prenatal development, also called antenatal development, in humans, the process encompassing the period from the formation of an embryo, through the development of a fetus, to birth (or parturition ). human fetus; prenatal development. An ultrasound image of a human fetus. age fotostock/SuperStock.
What is the mitotic spindle?
During mitosis (ordinary cell proliferation by division), the centromeres attach to a bundle of microtubules known as the mitotic spindle, which is formed by centrioles (cylindrical cell structures).
Where does sperm go in the oocyte?
Once within the periphery of the oocyte, the sperm advances toward the centre of the cytoplasm; the head swells and converts into a typical nucleus, now called the male pronucleus, and the tail detaches.
How many chromosomes are in each pronucleus?
Each resolves its diffuse chromatin material into a complete single set of 23 chromosomes. Each chromosome is composed of two chromatids held together by a centromere.
What is the first two weeks of prenatal development?
The process of prenatal development occurs in three main stages. The first two weeks after conception are known as the germinal stage , the third through the eighth week is known as the embryonic period, and the time from the ninth week until birth is known as the fetal period.
What is the germinal stage of a sperm?
The germinal stage begins at conception when the sperm and egg cell unite in one of the two fallopian tubes. The fertilized egg is called a zygote. Just a few hours after conception, the single-celled zygote begins making a journey down the fallopian tube to the uterus.
What is the fetal stage?
Fetal Stage. Once cell differentiation is mostly complete, the embryo enters the next stage and becomes known as a fetus. The fetal period of prenatal develop marks more important changes in the brain. This period of development begins during the ninth week and lasts until birth.
How many cells do zygotes divide?
Cell division begins approximately 24 to 36 hours after conception. Through the process of mitosis, the zygote first divides into two cells, then into four, eight, sixteen, and so on. A significant number of zygotes never progress past this early part of cell division, with as many as half of all zygotes surviving less than two weeks.
How much does an embryo weigh?
By the eighth week of development, the embryo has all of the basic organs and parts except those of the sex organs. At this point, the embryo weighs just one gram and is about one inch in length. By the end of the embryonic period, the basic structures of the brain and central nervous system have been established.
How do you know if you have a neural tube?
The neural tube begins to form along with an area known as the neural plate. The earliest signs of development of the neural tube are the emergence of two ridges that form along each side of the neural plate. Over the next few days, more ridges form and fold inward until a hollow tube is formed.
Why is the prenatal period important?
While you might think of child development as something that begins during infancy, the prenatal period is also considered an important part of the developmental process. Prenatal development is a time of remarkable change that helps set the stage for future psychological development. The brain develops over the course of the prenatal period, but it will continue to go through more changes during the early years of childhood
How many weeks are in perinatal period?
There is a great variation between countries; however, for international comparison, the perinatal periodis defined as "22 completed weeks of gestation and the first seven postnatal days" by World Health Organization (WHO) (3).
What is the period of pregnancy?
perinatal. Pertaining to the period immediately before and after birth. For statistical purposes, the perinatal period is defined as the period from the 28th week of pregnancy to the end of the 1st week after birth.
What is Torch panel?
Referring to the period of time surrounding an infant's birth, from the last two months of pregnancy to the first 28 days of life. The TORCH panel tests for perinatal infections.
What does "perinatal" mean?
perinatal. (pĕr′ə-nāt′l) adj. Of, relating to, or being the period around childbirth, especially the five months before and one month after birth: perinatal mortality; perinatal care.
What is the term for the period between birth and the end of the first week of life?
perinatal. Referring to the period from three months before birth to one month after birth. Referring to the period around birth, often defined as between the 28th week of pregnancy and the end of the first week of life. Segen's Medical Dictionary. © 2012 Farlex, Inc. All rights reserved.
Which nerve is the perineal branch of?
perineal branches of posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
When does perinatal occur?
per·i·na·tal. Occurring during, or pertaining to, the periods before, during, or after the time of birth; that is , before delivery from the 22nd week of gestation through the first 28 days after delivery.
What happens when a ripe ovum is fertilized?
Number of offsprings - when a ripe ovum is fertilized by one spermatozoon, the result will be a singleton, unless the fertilized ovum splits into two or more distinct parts during the early stages of cell cleavage, when this happens, the result will be identical twins, triplets or other multiple births. When two or more ova are released simultaneously and are fertilized by different spermatozoa, the result will be non identical twins, triplets or other multiple births.
Why do twins lag?
Lag in motor and speech development is also seen. This lag may be due to brain damage or to prematurity but it is more likely to be due to parental over protectiveness.
What is the difference between favourable and unfavourable conditions?
Favourable condition in the mother's body can foster the development of hereditary potentials while unfavourable conditions can stunt their development. The sex of the newly created individual is fixed at the time of conception and conditions within the mother's body will not affect it. Proportionally greater growth and development take place ...
How long is the prenatal period?
It begins at conception and ends at birth approximately 270 to 280 days in length or of calendar 9 months.
Why do twins compete?
Twins tend to compete for adult attention, to imitate each other's speech and behavior, and to depend on each other for companion ship during the preschool years. As they grow older, sibling rivalry and competition develop. One twin usually takes on the role of leader, forcing the other into the role of follower.
Why are twins smaller than singletons?
Twins tend to be smaller, age for age, than singletons. This is generally due to the fact that they are premature. They also suffer from brain damage and other physical defects more often than singletons.
How long is the first developmental period?
It begins at conception and ends at birth approximately 270 to 280 days in length or of calendar 9 months. This has six important characteristics. Although it is relatively short, ...
Why is prenatal care important?
Getting early and regular prenatal care improves the chances of a healthy pregnancy. This care can begin even before pregnancy with a pre-pregnancy care visit to a health care provider.
How does prenatal care help?
Pre-Pregnancy and prenatal care can help prevent complications and inform women about important steps they can take to protect their infant and ensure a healthy pregnancy. With regular prenatal care women can: Reduce the risk of pregnancy complications. Following a healthy, safe diet; getting regular exercise as advised by a health care provider;
How to help a baby fetus?
Develop a plan for their reproductive life. Increase their daily intake of folic acid (one of the B vitamins) to at least 400 micrograms. 2. Make sure their immunizations are up to date. Control diabetes and other medical conditions. Avoid smoking, drinking alcohol, and using drugs.
What tests are done during pregnancy?
Depending on the stage of the pregnancy, health care providers may also do blood tests and imaging tests, such as ultrasound exams. These visits also include discussions about the mother's health, the fetus's health, and any questions about the pregnancy. 3. Pre-Pregnancy and prenatal care can help prevent complications ...
What to do if you suspect you are pregnant?
Women who suspect they may be pregnant should schedule a visit to their health care provider to begin prenatal care. Prenatal visits to a health care provider usually include a physical exam, weight checks, and providing a urine sample. Depending on the stage of the pregnancy, health care providers may also do blood tests and imaging tests, ...
What is the best way to promote a healthy pregnancy?
Women can help to promote a healthy pregnancy and birth of a healthy baby by taking the following steps before they become pregnant: 1. Develop a plan for their reproductive life.
What is the first FDA approved screening platform for lysosomal storage disorder?
SEEKER® – The First FDA-Authorized Newborn Screening Platform for Lysosomal Storage Disorders
