What do you need to know about fetal pig anatomy?
Identify important external structures of the fetal pig anatomy. Identify major structures associated with a fetal pig’s digestive, respiratory, circulatory, urogenital, & nervous systems. Compare the functions of certain organs in a fetal mammal with those of an adult mammal.
Where is the cardiac sphincter located in a fetal pig?
Locate the cardiac sphincter at the junction of the stomach and esophagus, and the pyloric sphincter at the junction of the stomach and small intestine. Fetal pigs receive their nourishment from their mother through the umbilical cord.
What membrane covers the brain and spinal cord?
Meninges are membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. There are three layers of meninges: Dura mater (closest to the bone), Arachnoid loosely around the brain, Pia mater is closely attached to the brain and spinal cord surface. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) cushions the brain and spinal cord.
How do you dissect a fetal pig?
Place the fetal pig ventral side up in the dissecting tray. Tie a string securely around a front limb. Run the string under the tray, pull it tight, and tie it to the other front limb. Repeat this procedure with the hind limbs to hold the legs apart so you can examine internal structures.
What part of the skeletal system protects the brain in a fetal pig?
Skull – The skull consists of the cranium, the bone protecting the brain, and the facial bones.
What is the pericardium fetal pig?
The pericardium is a membrane that surrounds the heart and lines the pericardial cavity. It contains a lubricating fluid and isolates the heart from body movements such as the expansion and contraction of the nearby pleural (lung) cavity.
Do pigs have diaphragms?
in a region of the pig known as the thoracic cavity, which is separated from the digestive system by the diaphragm, a thin, sheet-like muscle. Between the lungs we find the heart swaddled in the pericardial sac.
What is the function of the cerebellum in a pig?
The cerebellum functions in coordination and balance. The transverse fissure separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum.
What is the function of the peritoneum in a fetal pig?
The abdominal cavity contains a protective layering that is known as the peritoneum. Its primary function is to protect the organs that are within that specific area and contain fluid to allow free flow of movement between organs.
Where is the pericardial sac?
heartYour heart is surrounded by a double-layered membrane, called the pericardium or pericardial sac. This membrane keeps your heart in place in your chest cavity, restricts the expansion of your heart when your blood volume increases, and helps to protect your heart.
Where is the diaphragm in a fetal pig?
2. Use your fingers to probe the chest area of the pig. You should be able to feel the hard sternum (breastbone) and the tiny ridges of the ribcage. Keep moving down until you feel the bottom edge of the rib cage; this is where the diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.
What is the diaphragm?
The diaphragm, located below the lungs, is the major muscle of respiration. It is a large, dome-shaped muscle that contracts rhythmically and continually, and most of the time, involuntarily. Upon inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens and the chest cavity enlarges.
What type of tissue is the diaphragm?
The diaphragm is primarily composed of muscle and fibrous tissue. The central tendon is a large part of the diaphragm that anchors the diaphragm to the ribs.
What are the four sections of the brain in a fetal pig?
The cerebral hemispheres have sections called the frontal, temporal, occipital and parietal lobes overlaying the bone regions.
What is the function of the dura mater?
Your dura mater contains a drainage system, called the dural venous sinuses, which allows blood to leave your brain and allows cerebrospinal fluid to re-enter the circulation. Your dura mater receives its blood supply from your middle meningeal artery and vein, and your trigeminal nerve runs through it.
What does the corpus callosum do?
The two hemispheres in your brain are connected by a thick bundle of nerve fibres called the corpus callosum that ensures both sides of the brain can communicate and send signals to each other.
Where to place fetal pig in dissecting tray?
Place the fetal pig ventral side up in the dissecting tray.
What is the digestive system of a pig?
The pig has a digestive system which is classified as monogastric or nonruminant. Humans also have this type of digestive system. They have one stomach (mono=one, gastric=stomach). Locate the entrance to the stomach or esophageal area, the cardiac region which is largest, and the pyloric region where the stomach narrows to join to the small intestine.
How to dissect a pig?
Obtain a fetal pig and rinse off the excess preservative by holding it under running water. Lay the pig on its side in the dissecting pan and locate dorsal, ventral,& lateral surfaces. Also locate the anterior and posterior ends.
How to cut pig skin from face?
Carefully lay the pig on one side in your dissecting pan and cut away the skin from the side of the face and upper neck to expose the masseter muscle that works the jaw, lymph nodes, and salivary glands. Label these on your hand-in.
How to clean a pig in a lab?
Clean up your materials and work area. Wrap the pig in damp paper towels and put it in a zip-lock plastic bag. Return your lab equipment and pig to the supply cart and then thoroughly wash your hands with soap.
Why is the diaphragm not used in pigs?
The diaphragm isn’t used by the fetal pig because gas exchange occurs through the umbilical cord. The diaphragm in adult pigs moves up and down changing air pressure in the chest cavity causing air to move into and out of the lungs.
Why are pigs dissectioned?
The placenta is the source of food and oxygen for the fetus, and it also serves to get rid of fetal wastes. The dissection of the fetal pig in the laboratory is important because pigs and humans have the same level of metabolism and have similar organs and systems. Also, fetal pigs are a byproduct of the pork food industry so they aren’t raised for dissection purposes, and they are relatively inexpensive.