What is the purpose of the organization of American States (OAS)?
What is the OAS's Purpose? What is the Organization of American States (OAS)? The Organization of American States (OAS) is a regional organization that promotes peace, stability, and economic development in the Americas. Founded in 1948, the 21 original members of the OAS sought to foster cooperation in the region.
What has the OAS ever done for US?
In 1992, the OAS amended its charter to allow the suspension of states whose democratic governments are overthrown by force, and in 2001, members signed the Inter-American Democratic Charter, which declared that American states have a “right to democracy” and an “obligation to promote and defend it.”
What is the history of the OAS?
OAS history dates back to the 1800s. Starting at the 1826 Congress of Panama, several American states began to meet and create a regional body similar to the OAS. This effort was accelerated in 1889 by the First International Conference of American States, a gathering of representatives from 18 American countries in Washington, D.C.
What are the challenges to success of the OAS?
As with any international organization, the OAS faces many challenges to success. Many critics claim that the purpose of the OAS is now irrelevant, representatives from member states have even commented that they see no reason to continue periodic meetings. Latin American members criticize the OAS for being too US centered.
Who are the members of the Organization of American States?
The Organization of the American States has 35 members. Its South American members are Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana...
Is the Organization of American States still active?
Yes, the Organization of American States is still active. Its 35 member states continue to work together to promote peace, stability, and developme...
What is the mandate of the OAS?
The OAS has several purposes, most notably promoting cooperation between member states. The OAS encourages member states to work together to addres...
What was the purpose of the OAS?
(link is external) to create collective and reciprocal security. The founding of the OAS extended the alliance to establish an intra-hemispheric platform for economic, political, and social relations.
What is the IACHR?
Between 2011 and 2013, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) (link is external) , established in 1959 as an autonomous body of the OAS, faced challenges. (link is external) from multiple OAS members. The IACHR works together with the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. (link is external)
What is the OAS?
Structure. The OAS is composed of a variety of councils, committees, and other institutional organs. Three primary bodies. (link is external) are responsible for setting and carrying out the agenda of the OAS: the General Assembly, the General Secretariat, and the Permanent Council.
How many votes does each delegation have?
Each delegation submits one vote for its country. Decisions. (link is external) are usually adopted by the affirmative vote of an absolute majority of the member countries. Some decisions, such as approving the agenda or budgetary matters, require the affirmative votes of two-thirds of member states.
What was the OAS's eighth ministerial meeting?
(link is external) of the OAS’ eighth ministerial meeting stated that the then-Cuban administration, which “officially identified itself as a Marxist-Leninist government,” was “incompatible with the principles and objectives of the inter-American system.”.
When did the OAS lift Cuba's suspension?
In 2009, during the 39th General Assembly in Honduras, the OAS unanimously agreed to revoke the resolution and lift Cuba’s suspension. (link is external) under the condition that Cuba would participate in a dialogue process, with a particular focus on human rights. (link is external) .
Which countries disapprove of the IACHR?
In particular, Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Peru, and Venezuela expressed their disapproval of IACHR decisions to denounce alleged violations made by these countries.
What is the Organization of American States (OAS)?
The Organization of American States (OAS) is a regional organization that promotes peace, stability, and economic development in the Americas. Founded in 1948, the 21 original members of the OAS sought to foster cooperation in the region.
What is the OAS's Purpose?
The OAS has several purposes, most notably promoting cooperation between member states.
The OAS's History and Development
OAS history dates back to the 1800s. Starting at the 1826 Congress of Panama, several American states began to meet and create a regional body similar to the OAS. This effort was accelerated in 1889 by the First International Conference of American States, a gathering of representatives from 18 American countries in Washington, D.C.
Why did the OAS suspend Cuba?
Because the OAS was strongly anticommunist in its orientation, it suspended Cuba ’s membership in the group in 1962 ; that country had declared itself Marxist-Leninist in 1961. The OAS then supported U.S. Pres. John F. Kennedy in the quarantine against the shipment of Soviet missiles to Cuba.
Why did Honduras leave the OAS?
Manuel Zelaya from the Honduran presidency, the interim government of Honduras announced its departure from the OAS. Because the OAS did not recognize the government as a legitimate one , it refused to accept the withdrawal.
What is the OAS structure?
Structure. The General Secretariat is the administrative backbone of the OAS and is headed by a secretary-general elected to a five-year term. The chief policy-making body of the OAS is the General Assembly, which holds annual meetings at which member states are represented by their foreign ministers or chiefs of state.
What was the OAS based on?
2, 1823) by the countries of the Western Hemisphere, especially the principle that an attack upon one American state would be considered as an attack upon all. The OAS attempted to “continentalize” the Monroe Doctrine, creating obligations for the other states without restricting the right of the United States to take immediate action in self-defense.
How many Pan American conferences were held in the US?
The OAS grew out of an earlier U.S.-sponsored international organization for the Western Hemisphere, the Pan-American Union, which held a series of nine Pan-American conferences from 1889–90 to 1948 to reach agreement on various commercial and juridical problems common to the United States and Latin America. ( See Pan-American conferences .)
What is the OAS in encyclopedia?
See Article History. Alternative Title: OAS. Organization of American States (OAS), organization formed to promote economic, military, ...
What is the purpose of the Permanent Council?
In case of attack or an act of aggression within or between member states, the Permanent Council, composed of an ambassador from each member state, acts as the provisional organ of consultation until all the member states’ ministers of foreign affairs can assemble.
What is the organization's history with Cuba?
The only country in the Western Hemisphere that is not a member of the OAS is Cuba, which has long been a wedge between member states. At the urging of the United States, the OAS suspended Cuba in 1962 on the grounds that its self-proclaimed Marxist-Leninist government was “incompatible with the principles and objectives of the inter-American system.”
When was the OAS created?
The United States and twenty other governments in the Western Hemisphere signed the OAS charter in 1948 to increase regional security and commercial cooperation. Additionally, the United States hoped the new organization would serve as a bulwark against the spread of communism. Member states pledged to strengthen regional peace and security, promote representative democracy, and encourage economic and social cooperation. The OAS emerged a year after member states signed the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, known as the Rio Treaty, which established a defensive military alliance in the region. Since then, its membership has increased to thirty-five states; there are seventy-two permanent observers.
What does the OAS do?
Its primary functions are promoting democracy, coordinating security and law enforcement operations, providing technical and financial assistance for development projects, and monitoring human rights through the inter-American legal system. Several autonomous institutions carry out OAS functions, including the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) and the Inter-American Juridical Committee.
What is its budget?
The OAS’s 2022 budget [PDF] allocates $81 million to the regular fund, of which the United States is required to provide [PDF] a little more than half. Between January and November 2021, the United States voluntarily gave [PDF] more than $21 million to the specific fund, accounting for roughly two-thirds of contributions [PDF] in that period.
What are its strengths?
The OAS’s role as a forum for regular high-level discussions on issues facing the hemisphere is one of its major strengths, says CFR’s Shannon K. O’Neil. Several other analysts have praised the IACHR as a crucial, objective platform for human rights litigation. For instance, the commission played an important role in uncovering rights abuses committed during several of the region’s military dictatorships in the 1970s and 1980s. The OAS “took forceful stands to defend democracy in Haiti, Peru, Guatemala, and Paraguay” in the 1990s, writes Inter-American Dialogue President Michael Shifter.
How committed is the OAS to democracy?
In 1992, the OAS amended its charter to allow the suspension of states whose democratic governments are overthrown by force, and in 2001, members signed the Inter-American Democratic Charter, which declared that American states have a “right to democracy” and an “obligation to promote and defend it.” In 2009, members suspended Honduras following a military coup; the country was readmitted two years later after officials there held elections.
What was the Trump administration's relationship with the OAS?
In an April 2017 statement, Trump called the OAS an “enduring organization for the promotion of democracy, security, human rights, and economic development.” His administration led OAS efforts to suspend Maduro’s Venezuelan delegation and recognize Guaido’s envoy. However, the U.S. ambassador to the OAS received criticism in June 2019 from groups, including Haiti’s opposition, for attempting to intervene in the country’s volatile political situation. Some observers also allege that U.S. policymakers pressured the OAS to interfere in the Bolivian election and topple Morales, who has called the United States a “great conspirator” in his fall from power.
What is the dispute between Belize and Guatemala?
Disputes among member states have been few. Most notably perhaps is the Belize-Guatemala territorial dispute which dates back to colonial times. The disagreement had continued for more than 150 years and, in the search for a peaceful solution, both countries appealed to the OAS Peace Fund for help. The case was referred to the International Court of Justice and under the OAS, Belize and Guatemala signed 13 different agreements touching on areas of defense, transport, culture, migration, and social and economic development.
What countries signed the OAS?
The case was referred to the International Court of Justice and under the OAS, Belize and Guatemala signed 13 different agreements touching on areas of defense, transport, culture, migration, and social and economic development.
What are the accomplishments of the OAS?
In its first decade, the organization created both the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and the Development Bank. In 1979, they established the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and in 2001, they adopted the Inter-American Democratic Charter.
What is the OAS?
The Organization of American States in Washington, D.C. The Organization of American States (OAS) is a regional organization that joins 35 member nations to promote their solidarity. By coming together under one unifying organization, members are committed to facilitating collaboration among themselves. Member countries are all located in the ...
When did the OAS start?
A treaty promising reciprocal assistance in the event of violence was signed in 1947 and a year later, 21 countries signed an agreement to prevent communism in the western hemisphere. April 30, 1948, was the official beginning of the OAS.
Is the OAS inactive?
Although some member states question its functionality, it cannot be said that the OAS is inactive. One of its most recent projects began in 2015 and is ongoing. Together with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the OAS published the SICREMI report. This report is the Continuous Reporting System on International Migration in the Americas. International migration is a current public concern and one that requires detailed attention and tracking. In addition, the OAS has been increasing discussions and raising awareness of human rights issues of aging populations throughout the Americas. These policies are being accomplished together with the World Health Organization and the UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. With so many ongoing projects, the dissolution of the OAS seems unlikely.
Who created the OAS?
The idea of an international union originated with Simon Bolivar in 1826 to unite Hispanic American nations. The idea failed with the start of the civil war in Colombia. The foundation of the OAS began with the International Union of American Republics in 1890, which had 18 members.
What is the OAS?
The OAS is the Organization of American States (OAS in English), an international pan-American organization and regional scope of action, Created April 30, 1948 with the idea of operating as a multilateral instance for the integration of the continent.
Objectives of the OAS
The OAS offers support in electoral and democratic matters to its member countries.
What is OASIS in home care?
The Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS) is a comprehensive assessment designed to collect information on nearly 100 items related to a home care recipient’s demographic information, clinical status, functional status, and service needs (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services [CMS], 2009a). The OASIS is completed upon admission, discharge, transfer, and change in condition for all Medicare and Medicaid, non-maternity, and non-pediatric beneficiaries. OASIS data are collected by a home care clinician (e.g., nurse or therapist) via direct observation and interview of the care recipient and/or caregiver. Select OASIS indicators are used to assign patients to a Home Health Resource Group (HHRG) for each 60-day home care episode. The HHRG is then used to calculate each patient’s reimbursement rate under the Prospective Payment System (PPS).
What is the systematic review of the literature on the psychometric properties of the OASIS?
To the best of our knowledge this is the first systematic review of the published literature on the psychometric properties of the OASIS since its implementation. The review synthesizes and critiques the existing research on OASIS reliability and validity, focusing on study methods, types of validity/reliability, sampling procedures, items measured, findings, and limitations. Knowing whether the assessment process reliably and accurately captures need is essential to assuring that agencies receive appropriate support to provide quality care. Likewise, understanding accuracy and reliability is essential to monitoring patient stabilization or improvement and agency performance. Finally, outcome and quality research is dependent on valid and reliable measures of key constructs, without which spurious findings may result.
What is the Oasis?
The Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS) is the patient-specific, standardized assessment used in Medicare home health care to plan care, determine reimbursement, and measure quality. Since its inception in 1999, there has been debate over the reliability and validity of the OASIS as a research tool and outcome measure. A systematic literature review of English-language articles identified 12 studies published in the last 10 years examining the validity and reliability of the OASIS. Empirical findings indicate the validity and reliability of the OASIS range from low to moderate but vary depending on the item studied. Limitations in the existing research include: nonrepresentative samples; inconsistencies in methods used, items tested, measurement, and statistical procedures; and the changes to the OASIS itself over time. The inconsistencies suggest that these results are tentative at best; additional research is needed to confirm the value of the OASIS for measuring patient outcomes, research, and quality improvement.
What is the priority of research on the psychometric properties of the OASIS?
Ongoing research on the psychometric properties of the OASIS must be a priority given its role in determining home care reimbursement, home care quality, and its employment in ongoing home health care services research. Acknowledgments.
What is the purpose of OASIS?
The purpose of the OASIS was to provide a standardized assessment tool that would support a case mix adjusted PPS and a mechanism to monitor the quality of care (Davitt & Choi, 2008; Davitt, 2009). A standardized assessment tool was needed which would contain all items essential to measuring a patient’s service needs and quantify that need into a reimbursement level (HHRG; Davitt & Kaye, 2010). Furthermore, a standardized assessment with risk adjustment factors would enable agencies and CMS to monitor performance and modify practice (Shaughnessy, Crisler, Schlenker, & Arnold, 1997a). It is important to consider these purposes when critiquing the reliability and validity of OASIS. Home care clinicians can complete the OASIS to benefit the home care agency in reimbursements or outcome indicators, compromising the reliability and validity of the tool and its value in understanding quality and patient outcomes (Davitt, 2009; Davitt & Choi, 2008; Madigan, Tullai-McGuinness, Fortinsky, 2003). According to CMS, upcoding, or overstating the severity of a patient’s health status, accounted for 11.78% of the change in case-mix between 2000 and 2008 (Davitt & Kaye, 2010; U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2009; Medicare Payment Advisory Commission [MedPAC], 2009; CMS, 2007a, 2007b).
How many articles were reviewed in the OASIS study?
Twenty-three articles were identified in the search and reviewed. Of these, 11 were eliminated at the abstract review stage, as they did not measure either validity or reliability of the OASIS. Data were extracted from each article in a three-step process. First, articles were identified as evaluating validity, reliability or, in some cases, both. Second, an initial review of the articles was used to develop a standardized narrative review template (Dilworth-Anderson, Williams, & Gibson, 2002; Weiner, Amick, & Lee, 2008). Such a template was required due to the diversity of methods and measures across the included studies. Finally, this template was used to critically analyze each study for types of validity and reliability, methods used, sampling procedures, items measured, significant findings, and limitations. See Tables 2and and33for the template and table of evidence (validity studies in Table 2, reliability studies in Table 3). The first author completed a systematic critical review of all articles using the template. The second author then reviewed the articles to validate data extraction. Any disagreement between the authors was discussed until consensus was achieved.
What is OASIS assessment?
The Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS): A Review of Validity and Reliability
