List of Advantages of Selective Breeding
- It requires no company patent. Any person who works in agriculture can start selective breeding whenever he wants. ...
- It allows for higher profit. Selective breeding allows the encouragement of plant and animal characteristics that are more beneficial to farmers. ...
- It can create new varieties of good crops. ...
- It does not have any issue of safety. ...
What are the negative effects of selective breeding?
What are the negatives of selective breeding?
- It may lead to a lack of variety in plant or animal species. …
- Genetic mutations are still going to occur. …
- The process of selective breeding becomes about humans only. …
- There is no guarantee that the desired traits will pass to the offspring. …
- It can create genetic bottlenecks.
What are the advantages of selective breeding?
What Are The Benefits Of Selective Breeding?
- It requires no company patent. …
- It allows for higher profit. …
- It can create new varieties of good crops. …
- It does not have any issue of safety. …
- It helps eliminate diseases. …
- It influences the production of food coming from plants in a positive way.
Why is selective breeding a good thing?
the method of selective breeding can produce fitter and stronger animals that provide higher yields of meat, milk or eggs. This should also be good as farmers can produce animals that are better suited to survive in marginal conditions or poor climates, preserving human food supplies and saving life.
What is a real life example of selective breeding?
One of the oldest and most widely documented examples of selective breeding for food is the selection of tall growing (for easier harvesting), disease resistant wheat, which yields large amounts of grain.
What is selective breeding?
Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together.
Who was the first to use selective breeding?
The notion of selective breeding was later expressed by the Persian Muslim polymath Abu Rayhan Biruni in the 11th century. He noted the idea in his book titled India, which included various examples. The agriculturist selects his corn, letting grow as much as he requires, and tearing out the remainder.
What are the characteristics of aquaculture?
Quality traits in aquaculture 1 Growth rate – growth rate is normally measured as either body weight or body length. This trait is of great economic importance for all aquaculture species as faster growth rate speeds up the turnover of production. Improved growth rates show that farmed animals utilize their feed more efficiently through a positive correlated response. 2 Survival rate – survival rate may take into account the degrees of resistance to diseases. This may also see the stress response as fish under stress are highly vulnerable to diseases. The stress fish experience could be of biological, chemical or environmental influence. 3 Meat quality – the quality of fish is of great economic importance in the market. Fish quality usually takes into account size, meatiness, and percentage of fat, colour of flesh, taste, shape of the body, ideal oil and omega-3 content. 4 Age at sexual maturation – The age of maturity in aquaculture species is another very important attribute for farmers as during early maturation the species divert all their energy to gonad production affecting growth and meat production and are more susceptible to health problems (Gjerde 1986). 5 Fecundity – As the fecundity in fish and shellfish is usually high it is not considered as a major trait for improvement. However, selective breeding practices may consider the size of the egg and correlate it with survival and early growth rate.
Why is artificial reproduction not possible?
Artificial reproduction was not achieved because of the difficulties in hatching or feeding some farmed species such as eel and yellowtail farming . A suspected reason associated with the late realisation of success in selective breeding programs in aquaculture was the education of the concerned people – researchers, advisory personnel and fish farmers. The education of fish biologists paid less attention to quantitative genetics and breeding plans.
What animals were selectively bred?
Selective breeding of both plants and animals has been practiced since early prehistory; key species such as wheat, rice, and dogs have been significantly different from their wild ancestors for millennia, and maize , which required especially large changes from teosinte, its wild form, was selectively bred in Mesoamerica.
Why is it important to document genetic changes?
Documentation of the genetic changes was considered important as they help in fine tuning further selection schemes.
How many generations of selection for rainbow trout?
Rainbow trout ( S. gairdneri) was reported to show large improvements in growth rate after 7–10 generations of selection. Kincaid et al. (1977) showed that growth gains by 30% could be achieved by selectively breeding rainbow trout for three generations. A 7% increase in growth was recorded per generation for rainbow trout by Kause et al. (2005).
Why is selective breeding important?
2. Genetic mutations are still going to occur. The goal of selective breeding is to increase the chances of preferred traits being transferred from parents to offspring.
Why are cows selectively bred?
Cows could be selectively bred to produce milk with higher fat content levels so additional dairy products could be created.
How long does selective breeding take?
That means it may take 25-50 years for the desired traits to become a foundational component of a plant or animal.
What is artificial selection?
October 12, 2017 by Louise Gaille. Artificial selection is a process of selective breeding that has been used by humans for thousands of years. It is the earliest form of biotechnology, where plants or animals with specific traits were selected to breed so that their desired traits could be duplicated. Over the years, selective breeding has done ...
What happens to plants and animals that go through selective breeding?
Plants and animals that go through the selective breeding process may develop bodies or structures that cannot support the desired traits. Genetic conditions may develop that further reduce the potential of the plant or animal. A cow with a large body, but small legs and small hooves would struggle to support itself.
What is a genetic bottleneck?
When one specific trait is desired, specific family groups are often used to create the needed offspring. If that family group is the only offspring produced with the desired traits, then a “genetic bottleneck” occurs.
Why must outside genetics be introduced?
Outside genetics must be introduced to preserve the traits when that happens, but the outside genetics could dominate the desired traits and reduce their appearance. 6. There may be evolutionary changes that harm the planet. Plants and animals evolve over time to match the changing conditions of our planet.
What is selective breeding?
Selective breeding can be defined as the “ process used by humans to develop new organisms with desirable characteristics .” The main reason selective breeding happened is to promote desirable traits in dogs with specific purposes. That is why we have dogs with different capabilities, coats, energy levels, intelligence, and sizes. Of course, we cannot talk about selective breeding without mentioning breeding that happens in the wild.
Why are dogs selectively bred?
Dogs come from wolves, and they were “created” because humans bred wolves with the mildest temperaments. They paired wolves that could be trusted and worked with. If it wasn’t for selective breeding, we wouldn’t have the dogs we have today.
How long did dogs breed?
There is no specific evidence for the exact time selective breeding started, but we know that humans bred dogs for more than 14.000 years. Dogs were used for particular tasks, and dog owners carefully selected dogs with specific traits they wanted to promote. That is how basic dog breed groups came to life.
How do animals breed in the wild?
Animals in the wild breed entirely differently; their breeding is determined by a series of events and circumstances. Animals in the wild often fight for mating rights. The breeding can even be determined by one animal’s will to breed with the other. This process is called natural selection.
Why did humans need dogs?
When humans switched from hunting to raising livestock for food, they needed dogs to help them take care and herd the livestock. They started selectively breeding dogs with the best herding instincts. These dogs were the most intelligent, capable of following orders, and had incredible endurance and stamina.
Who coined the term "artificial selection"?
INTERESTING FACT: The term “Artificial selecting” was coined by none other than Charles Darwin in his famous book “On Origin of the Species.”
Is selective breeding bad for dogs?
Like with any other thing in life, there are positive and negative sides to selective breeding. With selective breeding, puppies will inherit everything. For example, dog breeders focused on breeding herding dogs will also pass genes that might be responsible for hip dysplasia. That is not necessarily the case, but that means that when breeders focus on reinforcing one thing, they might accidentally pass on undesirable traits as well. Here are some of the negative sides of selective breeding;
What is selective breeding?
As we’ve seen, selective breeding involves choosing desirable traits in a certain species and then breeding parents who have them. This process doesn’t alter the genome directly, and the results may become apparent only after a few generations. On the other hand, genetic engineering does manipulate genes.
How long does it take for a plant to be selectively bred?
Though the process may take years, selective breeding is usually effective. In fact, many of the plants we now eat went through selective breeding at some point — whether to improve their taste or simply to make them more resilient.
Are Plants Made Through Selective Breeding Safe to Eat?
In short, yes, they are. As you can see from the examples above, you eat many of them quite regularly. And not just you — millions of people across the globe have been eating them for hundreds of years. Selective breeding had existed long before you were born, and it will continue to exist as long as there are farmers and plants to breed.
Is selective breeding natural?
Also, while selective breeding isn’t quite natural, it’s hard to call it entirely un natural. After all, breeders don’t add any chemicals or alter the plants in any way. They simply choose the variants that are sweeter, more resilient, and more appealing. These plants could appear in nature even without their help — just not nearly as often as they do now.
Does selective breeding alter genetic material?
Well, it’s rather simple — selective breeding doesn’t alter the genetic material directly. Instead, it attempts to do so by selecting parents with desirable characteristics who then breed, creating offspring with those same traits.
Does genetic engineering manipulate genes?
On the other hand, genetic engineering does manipulate genes. It always occurs in a laboratory where scientists use specific biotechnology. The end goal may be similar — to enhance certain traits and increase resistance and lifespan. But the method is completely different.
Is Selective Breeding the Same as Genetic Engineering?
Now, selective breeding may remind you of another term that you’ve surely come across in recent years — genetic engineering. The products of genetic engineering are genetically modified organisms (GMOs), which have a bit of a bad reputation. Namely, many people believe they’re far inferior to natural food products and even downright harmful and toxic. For that reason, the GMO-free label can nowadays be seen on most food packages.
Why should we not worry about selective breeding?
People need not to worry about their safety because in selective breeding , no safety failures are concerned since you are assured that doing the process will be definitely safe and secured. 4. People are comfortable with selective breeding since they are assured that the process will completely give them superior type of products which are ...
How Selective Breeding Affects an Organism?
Selective breeding is very important, especially to those people who are in the field of agricultural businesses, in order to enhance and increase the quantity of the crops that they are harvesting. Although there are some limitations with this type of breeding, it can still produce very great results.
What are the limitations of selective breeding?
Here are some of the limitations or disadvantages of this selective breeding: 1. This process completely removes the differences of every organism in a certain population. 2. Selective organisms that have undergone selective breeding processes are at risk of some diseases and changes in the environment due to the breeding process they are going ...
What happens to plants when they are selectively bred?
With selective breeding, people can produce higher amount of crops. They will also acquire higher resistance in killing pest and diseases in the plant along with shorter span of time for harvesting period. 3.
Is breeding a free process?
It is a free process that can be undergone by plants and animals especially, in agricultural businesses. Since it is free, people just need to be well-equipped with the knowledge regarding the process in order to get the best breeding outcome. 2.
Can selective breeding control the formation of genes?
Selective breeding will not able to control the formation of genes that can be inherited by the offspring. By these, error in the process would be evident that may affect both the organism who are undergoing the selective breeding process. 4.
What is selective breeding?
Selective breeding and gene technology. Organisms with desirable characteristics can be selectively bred by humans. Dogs and cows are often selectively bred. Genetic modification involves the movement of genes from one organism to another. Part of. Combined Science. Inheritance, variation and evolution.
Why do plants and animals share very similar genes?
Because of selective breeding, future generations of selectively bred plants and animals will all share very similar genes which will reduce variation. Genes and their different alleles within a population are known as its gene pool.
Can rare disease genes be unknowingly selected as part of a positive trait?
rare disease genes can be unknowingly selected as part of a positive trait , leading to problems with specific organisms, eg a high percentage of Dalmatian dogs are deaf. can create physical problems in specific organisms, eg some breeds of dogs can have hip dysplasia due to hips not being formed correctly. previous. 1.
What is selective breeding?
Selective breeding or artificial selection is when humans breed plants and animals for particular genetic characteristics. Humans have bred food crops from wild plants and domesticated animals for thousands of years.
Why do farmers breed different types of cows?
Farmers selectively breed different types of cows with highly desirable characteristics in order to produce the best meat and dairy.
How to select a plant and an animal?
These are the main steps for both plants and animals: Decide which characteristics are important enough to select. Choose parents that show these characteristics from a mixed population. They are bred together. Choose the best offspring with the desired characteristics to produce the next generation.
Can humans selectively breed animals?
Organisms with desirable characteristics can be selectively bred by humans. Dogs and cows are often selectively bred. Genetic modification involves the movement of genes from one organism to another.
What is selective breeding?
Selective breeding is, simply put, breeding with the intent of accomplishing some type of goal. Usually, the goal is multi-faceted. It takes into account various traits, the overall health and vigor of the chicken, the reasons you have for raising the chickens and the way (and place) in which you are raising them.
What is the purpose of the breed standard for chickens?
It declares what traits are considered defects, it specifies a proper weight range for chickens, along with plumage color, plumage pattern (if applicable), body shape, eye color, comb size and shape and many other traits. The purpose of the Standard is to define what is a good representative of each breed. Without a standard, any type of breeding will tend to deviate, and the chickens will gradually become less and less characteristic of the breed they initially came from.
How long does it take for a chicken to mature?
Breeding chickens goes hand-in-hand with raising them for food (both meat and eggs) and it would be wasteful to cull a chicken early that could otherwise be grown up to become food for the table. Males will mature at around 16 to 22 weeks. Females, around 26 weeks , when they start to lay.
What is the purpose of the chicken standard?
The purpose of the Standard is to define what is a good representative of each breed.
Should I raise chickens before culling?
Before culling, I recommend raising birds to maturity unless there is some defect that would cause the bird to be in pain or picked on by other chickens or something along those lines. Raising them to maturity accomplishes two things. For one, you get a better idea of how the chicken will turn out. And second, he or she will be large enough to process for food. Breeding chickens goes hand-in-hand with raising them for food (both meat and eggs) and it would be wasteful to cull a chicken early that could otherwise be grown up to become food for the table.
Is it selective to breed chickens?
Any breeding with the intent of improving the breed is selective. This is true not just of chickens, but also cows, horses and other animals. Breeding that’s not selective tends toward mediocrity. Just like anything that care is not being put into, the breed will tend to degenerate over time and become average or worse.
Can we improve chickens?
The more selective we can be in which chickens we keep as breeders, the faster we can improve our chickens.
Selective Breeding Definition
Selective Breeding Overview
- The procedure involves identifying certain desirable features and finding two members of a species that exhibit the particular feature. A series of matings or breedings is then performed between the individuals with favored features to produce offspring that exhibit the feature and that can be used for future matings. The desirable phenotypic traits are passed from parents to …
Selective Breeding Examples
- Dogs
All modern dogs have been selectively bred by humans over thousands of years. Dogs were first bred from a common ancestor of the gray wolf (Canis Lupus), which was domesticated by humans with whom it lived in close proximity. It is widely speculated that these animals were fir… - Plants and Livestock
Almost all of the food consumed by modern humans has been selectively bred over thousands of years. Around 10,000 years ago when humans began living in permanent or semi-permanent settlements, they started to cultivate their own cropsand herd flocks of livestock for the first tim…
Overview
Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together. Domesticated animals are known as breeds, normally bred by a professional br…
Selective breeding in aquaculture
Selective breeding in aquaculture holds high potential for the genetic improvement of fish and shellfish. Unlike terrestrial livestock, the potential benefits of selective breeding in aquaculture were not realized until recently. This is because high mortality led to the selection of only a few broodstock, causing inbreeding depression, which then forced the use of wild broodstock. This was evident in selective breeding programs for growth rate, which resulted in slow growth and hi…
History
Selective breeding of both plants and animals has been practiced since early prehistory; key species such as wheat, rice, and dogs have been significantly different from their wild ancestors for millennia, and maize, which required especially large changes from teosinte, its wild form, was selectively bred in Mesoamerica. Selective breeding was practiced by the Romans. Treatises as much as 2,000 years old give advice on selecting animals for different purposes, and these anci…
Animal breeding
Animals with homogeneous appearance, behavior, and other characteristics are known as particular breeds or pure breeds, and they are bred through culling animals with particular traits and selecting for further breeding those with other traits. Purebred animals have a single, recognizable breed, and purebreds with recorded lineage are called pedigreed. Crossbreeds are a mix of two purebreds, whereas mixed breeds are a mix of several breeds, often unknown. Animal …
Plant breeding
Plant breeding has been used for thousands of years, and began with the domestication of wild plants into uniform and predictable agricultural cultigens. High-yielding varieties have been particularly important in agriculture.
Selective plant breeding is also used in research to produce transgenic animals that breed "true" (i.e., are homozygous) for artificially inserted or deleted genes.
Advantages and disadvantages
Selective breeding is a direct way to determine if a specific trait can evolve in response to selection. A single-generation method of breeding is not as accurate or direct. The process is also more practical and easier to understand than sibling analysis. Selective breeding is better for traits such as physiology and behavior that are hard to measure because it requires fewer individuals to test than single-generation testing.
See also
• Animal breeding
• Animal husbandry
• Breed registry
• Breeding back
• Captive breeding
Bibliography
• Darwin, Charles (2004). The Origin of Species. London: CRW Publishing Limited. ISBN 978-1-904633-78-5.
What Is Selective Breeding?
Origin of Selective Breeding in Dogs
- There is no specific evidence for the exact time selective breeding started, but we know that humans bred dogs for more than 14.000 years. Dogs were used for particular tasks, and dog owners carefully selected dogs with specific traits they wanted to promote. That is how basic dog breed groups came to life.
Advantages of Selective Breeding
- Selective breeding exists for an excellent reason; it can eliminate undesirable traits and promote desirable traitsand characteristics breeders want. This might sound cruel to dog owners, but keep in mind that selective breeding gave us most of the pureblooded dog breeds we know today. It has also given humanity plants resistant to pests, healthier dogs, cats, horses, fruit, and many th…
Negative Sides of Selective Breeding
- Like with any other thing in life, there are positive and negative sidesto selective breeding. With selective breeding, puppies will inherit everything. For example, dog breeders focused on breeding herding dogs will also pass genes that might be responsible for hip dysplasia. That is not necessarily the case, but that means that when breeders focus on reinforcing one thing, they mi…
in Conclusion
- Selective breedingbrought us many different and positive things. Because of it, we have pureblooded dog breeds that are specialized in specific tasks. However, there is a negative side to it, but the benefits severely outweigh the negatives. World Dog Finder team