by Nellie Koss
Published 2 years ago
Updated 2 years ago
In kids, rubella — commonly called German measles or 3-day measles — is usually a mild illness. But the infection is dangerous for pregnant women because it can cause serious health problems in their babies. Rubella is caused by the rubella (roo-BELL-uh) virus (not the same virus that causes measles).
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Overview
A contagious viral infection characterized by its distinctive red rash.
Urgent medical attention is usually recommended by healthcare providers
Extremely rare (Fewer than 1,000 cases per year in US)
Treatments can help manage condition, no known cure
Requires lab test or imaging
Can last several days or weeks
Usually preventable by vaccine
Transmitted through respiratory droplets and direct contact
Rubella virus (RuV) is the pathogenic agent of the disease rubella, transmitted only between humans via the respiratory route, and is the main cause of congenital rubella syndrome when infection occurs during the first weeks of pregnancy. Rubella virus, scientific name Rubivirus rubellae, is a member of the genus Rubi…
Replication
Rubella virus (Rubivirus rubellae) is assigned to the Rubivirus genus. Until 2018, Rubiviruses were classified as part of the family Togaviridae, but have since been changed to be the sole genus of the family Matonaviridae. This family is named after George de Maton, who in 1814 first distinguished rubella from measles and scarlet fever. The change was made by the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the central governing b…
Transmission
While alphavirus virions are spherical and contain an icosahedral nucleocapsid, RuV virions are pleiomorphic and do not contain icosahedral nucleocapsids. ICTV analyzed the sequence of RuV and compared its phylogeny to that of togaviruses. They concluded: Phylogenetic analysis of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of alphaviruses, rubella virus and …
Epidemiology
The spherical virus particles (virions) of Matonaviridae have a diameter of 50 to 70 nm and are covered by a lipid membrane (viral envelope), derived from the host cell membrane. There are prominent "spikes" (projections) of 6 nm composed of the viral envelope proteins E1 and E2 embedded in the membrane. The E1 glycoprotein is considered immunodominant in the humoral response induced against th…
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rubella, also called German measles, contagious viral disease that runs a mild and benign course in most people. Although rubella is not usually a serious illness in children or adults, it can …
6.rubella | Description, Cause, Symptoms, & Prevention | Britannica
Url:https://www.britannica.com/science/rubella
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