what is the shelf life of imidacloprid

Full Answer

Can you use too much imidacloprid?

Very high oral exposures may lead to lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, salivation, muscle weakness and ataxia, which are all indicative of imidacloprid's action on nicotinic receptors. Other signs of exposure at high doses are uncoordinated gait, tremors, and reduced activity.

How long does imidacloprid take to work?

It has both contact and ingestion activity. The target pest's feeding activity ceases within minutes to hours, and death occurs usually within 24 - 48 hours but can take up to 7 days depending on the mode of application.

How effective is imidacloprid?

Results: All 3 imidacloprid dosages provided flea control > or = 96.9% one day after treatment. Maximal efficacy of all 3 dosages (99.1 to 100%) was observed at 7 days after treatment.

How often can you apply imidacloprid?

Do not make more than 5 applications /A per year. Do not apply more than 1.6 pt (0.4 lb of active ingredient) per year. Allow 10 or more days between applications. Allow at least 7 days between last application and harvest.

When should I apply imidacloprid?

There are different recommended timings for application depending on the active ingredient. Although the bag often says apply anytime from May to Aug. 15, it is highly recommended that products containing imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin be applied and irrigated into the soil in June or July.

Is imidacloprid banned?

Following the prohibition of all outdoor uses of the three neonicotinoids imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and clothianidin in May 2018 and the non-renewal of approval of thiacloprid on 3 February 2020, 10 EU countries have repeatedly granted emergency authorisations for their use in sugar beets.

Which is better fipronil or imidacloprid?

At 12 hours, imidacloprid achieved 99.3% efficacy versus 59.7% for selamectin and 89.6% for fipronil-(S)-methoprene. The study presented here confirmed that imidacloprid provides high and early efficacy. Six hours after treatment, flea counts in the imidacloprid group were already reduced by more than 60%.

Is imidacloprid harmful to humans?

Imidacloprid pesticides appear to be of low toxicity to humans causing only mild symptoms such as vomiting, abdominal pain, headache and diarrhoea in the majority of cases. Large ingestions may lead to sedation and respiratory arrest.

What does imidacloprid do to insects?

Imidacloprid is a systemic insecticide, belonging to the class of chloronicotinyl neonicotinoid insecticides. It works by interfering with the transmission of nerve impulses in insects by binding irreversibly to specific insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Is imidacloprid bad for plants?

Imidacloprid applied as a soil treatment can move up into flowers to injure or kill bees, other pollinators and beneficial insects. Avoid application to flowering plants that are visited by these beneficials. If used, don't apply until after bloom has been completed.

Can you eat fruit from trees treated with imidacloprid?

Imidacloprid has been available to commercial growers for use on edible crops for over a decade. Homeowners, however, have not had any systemic insecticide available for insect control on fruits and vegetables until recently.

Is imidacloprid harmful to dogs?

Imidacloprid is an insecticide and therefore can cause toxicity in your dog. This is especially the case if your dog is sick or already debilitated from an illness. Small dogs can also be at risk of developing toxicity to imidacloprid. Dogs that have abnormally low body temperatures are also at risk of toxic poisoning.

What does imidacloprid do to insects?

Imidacloprid is a systemic insecticide, belonging to the class of chloronicotinyl neonicotinoid insecticides. It works by interfering with the transmission of nerve impulses in insects by binding irreversibly to specific insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

What does imidacloprid do to fleas?

Mechanism of action: Imidacloprid works as an insecticide by acting on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the postsynaptic membrane in the flea, blocking acetylcholine and eventually leading to central nervous system impairment and death.

Which is better fipronil or imidacloprid?

At 12 hours, imidacloprid achieved 99.3% efficacy versus 59.7% for selamectin and 89.6% for fipronil-(S)-methoprene. The study presented here confirmed that imidacloprid provides high and early efficacy. Six hours after treatment, flea counts in the imidacloprid group were already reduced by more than 60%.

Is imidacloprid harmful to humans?

Imidacloprid pesticides appear to be of low toxicity to humans causing only mild symptoms such as vomiting, abdominal pain, headache and diarrhoea in the majority of cases. Large ingestions may lead to sedation and respiratory arrest.

How does imidacloprid 2F work?

Imidacloprid 2F can be applied with various spray equipment to treat small residential areas or large turfs.

What is imidacloprid 2F?

Imidacloprid 2F is a systemic insecticide for turf and ornamental vegetation. The insecticide absorbs into the foliage of treated vegetation, causing targeted insects to die when they eat it. It works when applied at low rates, making it an economical choice for turf and ornamental care. $69.92. *.

How to calculate imidacloprid 2F?

Step 1: Determine how much Imidacloprid 2F you need by calculating the square footage of the area you wish to treat. To do this, you will need to measure and multiply length times the width of the area (length x width = square footage).

Can Imidacloprid be used on trees?

My opinion...if Imidacloprid is your only treatment, if your trees are over 15" dbh, or a clay soil...go with the higher dose.

Is Imidacloprid 2F shipping?

Imidacloprid 2F was shipped and received lightning fast. I was surprised. Solutions had the best value on it and shipping was free. I used it to treat the soil around my trees which were having all sorts of problems with pests.

Is it safe to mix imidacloprid 2f with PPE?

Imidacloprid 2F is safe to use around children and pets when applied according to the product label. Always wear the proper personal protective equipment (PPE) when mixing or applying Imidacloprid 2F.

Can Novacide be used inside your home?

I recommend using our Reclaim I/T for your yard and use our Novacide for control inside your home.

How long does imidacloprid last in soil?

In soil under aerobic conditions, imidacloprid is persistent with a half-life of the order of 1–3 years. On the soil surface the half-life is 39 days.

How long does it take for imidacloprid to work on trees?

Application to trees. When used on trees, it can take 30–60 days to reach the top (depending on the size and height) and enter the leaves in high enough quantities to be effective. Imidacloprid can be found in the trunk, the branches, the twigs, the leaves, the leaflets, and the seeds. Many trees are wind pollinated.

How does imidacloprid affect humans?

The effects of imidacloprid on human health depend on the dose, duration, and frequency of exposure. The effects may also depend on the health of a person and environmental factors. People who might orally ingest acute amounts would experience emesis, diaphoresis, drowsiness and disorientation. This would need to be intentional since a large amount would need to be ingested to experience a toxic reaction.

What is the most widely used insecticide in the world?

Imidacloprid is the most widely used insecticide in the world. Its major uses include: Seed treatment - Imidacloprid is the most popular seed treatment insecticide in the world. Agriculture - Control of aphids, cane beetles, thrips, stink bugs, locusts, and a variety of other insects that damage crops.

What is imidacloprid used for?

Imidacloprid is widely used for pest control in agriculture. Other uses include application to foundations to prevent termite damage, pest control for gardens and turf, treatment of domestic pets to control fleas, protection of trees from boring insects, and in preservative treatment of some types of lumber products.

What is the best insecticide?

Imidacloprid is the most widely used insecticide in the world. Its major uses include: 1 Seed treatment - Imidacloprid is the most popular seed treatment insecticide in the world 2 Agriculture - Control of aphids, cane beetles, thrips, stink bugs, locusts, and a variety of other insects that damage crops 3 Arboriculture - Control of the emerald ash borer, hemlock woolly adelgid, and other insects that attack trees (including hemlock, maple, oak, and birch) 4 Home Protection - Control of termites, carpenter ants, cockroaches, and moisture-loving insects 5 Domestic animals - Control of fleas (applied to the back of neck) 6 Turf - Control of Japanese beetle larvae (exp. Grubs) 7 Gardening - Control of aphids and other pests

When was imidacloprid first made?

On January 21, 1986, a patent was filed and granted on May 3, 1988, for imidacloprid in the United States (U.S. Pat. No. 4,742,060) by Nihon Tokushu Noyaku Seizo K.K. of Tokyo, Japan.

How long does imidacloprid stay in the soil?

Imidacloprid can last for months or years in soil. The residues become more tightly bound to the soil with time. Imidacloprid is broken down rapidly by water and sunlight. The pH and temperature of water affect the speed of the imidacloprid breakdown process.

What is imidacloprid?

Imidacloprid is an insecticide that was made to mimic nicotine. Nicotine is naturally found in many plants, including tobacco, and is toxic to insects. Imidacloprid is used to control sucking insects, termites, some soil insects, and fleas on pets. It has been used in products sold in the United States since 1994.

What are some products that contain imidacloprid?

Products containing imidacloprid come in many forms, including liquids, granules, dusts, and packages that dissolve in water. Imidacloprid products may be used on crops, houses, or used in flea products for pets. There are over 400 products for sale in the United States that contain imidacloprid.

How does imidacloprid work?

Imidacloprid disrupts the nerve's ability to send a normal signal, and the nervous system stops working the way it should . Imidacloprid is much more toxic to insects and other invertebrates than it is to mammals and birds because it binds better to the receptors of insect nerve cells.

How might I be exposed to imidacloprid?

This can happen if someone handles a pesticide or a pet recently treated with a product and does not wash their hands before eating. You could be exposed to imidacloprid if you are applying a product to your yard, on a pet, or in another location and get the product on your skin or breathe in spray mist. Because imidacloprid is a systemic insecticide, you could be exposed to imidacloprid if you ate the fruit, leaves, or roots of plants that were grown in soil treated with imidacloprid.

What happens to imidacloprid when it enters the body?

Once it gets into the body, imidacloprid moves through the bloodstream to the whole body. Imidacloprid is broken down in the liver and then removed from the body in feces and urine. Rats that were fed imidacloprid excreted 90% of the dose in 24 hours.

Has anyone studied non-cancer effects from long-term exposure to imidacloprid?

Scientists fed imidacloprid to mother rats and rabbits during their pregnancies. The exposure caused reproductive effects including reduced bone growth in the babies. The doses that caused the problems in the pups were toxic to the mothers. No data were found on developmental or reproductive effects of imidacloprid in people.

How long does imidacloprid degrade?

A half-life of 34 days was reported for imidacloprid in a field experiment using soil (pH = 7.9, 0.52% organic carbon, 16.6% clay, 31.3% silt, 52.1% sand) where citrus products are grown extensively (2). Imidacloprid was applied to red-brown earth to give a concentration of 50 mg/kg (3). In a laboratory study where the soil was sealed in polythene bags with a moisture of 40-80% of the maximum water holding capacity, imidacloprid total concentration decreased from about 4 mg/kg soil to about 3.5 mg/kg soil in 24 months (3). Similar results were obtained from sand dolomite and quarry sand (3).

Where is imidacloprid found?

Imidacloprid was detected in 21 of 32 samples (65.6%) of human air from residents of a rural area in Crete Island, Greece. The median and maximum concentrations reported were 0.03 and 0.27 ng/mg, respectively. The compound was not detected in hair samples from residents of an urban center, Heraklion (Crete, Greece) (1).

How is imidacloprid exposed?

Limited monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to imidacloprid via ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing imidacloprid. (SRC)

How does imidacloprid affect the environment?

Imidacloprid's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use as an insecticide and ectoparasiticide will result in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 3.0X10-12 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates imidacloprid will exist solely in the particulate phase in the atmosphere. Particulate-phase imidacloprid will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. Imidacloprid is photodegraded in water and soil in hours and months, respectively, and, therefore, is susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, imidacloprid is expected to have moderate to low mobility based upon a Koc range of 156 to 800. The pKa of imidacloprid is 11.12, indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the compound exists as a cation and cations do not volatilize. Photodegradation of imidacloprid in soil occurs with a half-life on the order of months. Imidacloprid was found to degrade more rapidly in soil under vegetation; half-lives of 48 and 190 days were determined in experiments with and without vegetation, respectively, suggesting that biodegradation in soil does occur but is affected by plant cover. If released into water, imidacloprid is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc range. Biodegradation data in water were not available. The pKa indicates imidacloprid will exist almost entirely in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound is stable to hydrolysis at pH 5 to 11. Occupational exposure to imidacloprid may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where imidacloprid is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to imidacloprid via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing imidacloprid. (SRC)

How many companies have active labels for imidacloprid?

The National Pesticide Information Retrieval System (NPIRS) identifies 66 companies with active labels for products containing the chemical imidacloprid. To view the complete list of companies, product names and percent imidacloprid in formulated products click the following url and enter the CAS Registry number in the Active Ingredient field.

What is the class of imidacloprid?

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies Imidacloprid (technical grade) as Class II: moderately hazardous; Main Use: insecticide.

Is imidacloprid a photodegradable substance?

Imidacloprid is photodegraded in water and soil in hours and months , respectively, and, therefore, is susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, imidacloprid is expected to have moderate to low mobility based upon a Koc range of 156 to 800.

When to use imidacloprid 2F?

Imidacloprid 2F Select T/I can be used as a preventative treatment prior or during egg laying activity of insects, which is normally during early spring or fall. It may also be used when new construction is beginning or when construction is complete.

What is imidacloprid 2F Select T/I?

Imidacloprid 2F Select T/I, manufactured by Prime Source LLC, is a liquid systemic insecticide and termiticide used to control and prevent a broad spectrum of wood-infesting insects on turfgrass or landscape ornamentals.

How much Imidacloprid 2F Select T/I per gallon of water?

For a typical termite control situation, use a 0.05% dilution or 0.1% dilution for severe infestations. Application rate for 0.5% dilution is 0.3 oz. of Imidacloprid 2F Select T/I per gallon of water and 0.6 oz. of product per gallon of water for 0.1% dilution rate. For general pest treatment on turf grass, use 0.46 to 0.6 oz. of product per gallon of water per 1,000 sq. ft. Do not apply more than 25.6 oz. of product per acre per year. Refer to the label for specific pest and foliage application rates.

Can Imidacloprid 2F Select T/I harm a tilia?

Linden, basswood, and other Tilia species may be harmed if contacted by Imidacloprid 2F Select T/I.

Is imidacloprid safe for pets?

Imidacloprid 2F Select T/I is safe to use around children and pets when applied according to the product label instructions. Always wear the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when mixing or applying this product.

How many products contain imidacloprid?

Over 400 products in the U.S. contain imidacloprid – it is vital to read the the product label prior to purchase or usage. Do not inhale, ingest, or apply imidacloprid products on humans. Do not use products on pets without veterinary recommendations.

What is imidacloprid used for?

Imidacloprid is an neonicotinoid agricultural insecticide used to control sucking insects, termites, soil insects, and fleas on pets. These include plant hoppers, aphids, termites, Colorado beetles, fleas, white grups, craneflies, crickets and ants. It mimics nicotine, a naturally-occuring chemical found in plants, which is toxic to insects. It has been used in products in the U.S. since 1994. Other uses for imidacloprid include cholinergic agent, veterinary substance, and seed treatment. It is highly soluble and persistent in soil. Imidacloprid is toxic to birds, honey bees, mammals and earthworms.

Is imidacloprid a cholinergic agent?

It has been used in products in the U.S. since 1994. Other uses for imidacloprid include cholinergic agent, veterinary substance, and seed treatment. It is highly soluble and persistent in soil.

Is imidacloprid a carcinogen?

Imidacloprid may cause reproductive, teratogenic effects (skeleton abnormalities in rats), and mutagenic effects (DNA changes in hamsters). This chemical is not known to be carcinogenic following carcinogenicity tests (two-year span) in rats.

Is imidacloprid a human poison?

No accounts of human poisoning have been reported, but the signs and symptoms of imidacloprid poisoning would be similar to the nicotine poisoning such as fatigue, twitching, cramps, muscle weakness and difficulty breathing.

Is imidacloprid toxic to rabbits?

Oral doses of technical grade imidacloprid resulted in mortality of half of all laboratory test animals. It is considered non-irritating to the eyes and skin of rabbits, and non-sensitizing to the skin of guinea pigs. Some formulations, however, may include clay as an ingredient which may cause irritation to the eyes. Inhalation toxicity with rats resulted in mortality of half of the test group.

Does imidacloprid affect the thyroid?

Body systems affected by imidacloprid. Tests on rats and dogs show that imidacloprid affects the thyroid gland and liver, respectively. There are no known reports of the effects of imidacloprid poisoning in humans, but may be fatal if swallowed and may cause moderate eye irritation on contact.

What is imidacloprid used for?

Imidacloprid is used for controlling sucking insects, soil insects, termites, and some chewing insects. It is applied to seeds, soil, crops, and structures, and is used as a topical flea control treatment on domestic pets.

Is imidacloprid spray volatile?

The vapor pressure of 1.0 x 10-7 mmHg indicates that this insecticide is not volatile. Since imidacloprid has a low soil adsorption coefficient, it has a low potential to be dispersed in air over a large area via air-borne soil particles. The low Henry's law constant of 6.5 x 10-11 atm m3/mole also indicates that it has low potential of volatizing from water. This combination of physical characteristics makes it unlikely that imidacloprid will be present in the air in detectable amounts following application by any method.

Overview

Environmental fate

The main routes of dissipation of imidacloprid in the environment are aqueous photolysis (half-life = 1–4 hours) and plant uptake. The major photometabolites include imidacloprid desnitro, imidacloprid olefine, imidacloprid urea, and five minor metabolites. The end product of photodegradation is 6-chloronicotinic acid (6-CNA) and ultimately carbon dioxide. Since imidacloprid has a low vapor pressure, it normally does not volatilize readily.

Authorized uses

Application to trees

Background

Biochemistry

Health effects

Toxicology