What is the life cycle of a star?
Life Cycles of Stars. A star's life cycle is determined by its mass. The larger its mass, the shorter its life cycle. A star's mass is determined by the amount of matterthat is available in its nebula, the giant cloud of gas and dust from which it was born. Over time, the hydrogengas in the nebula is pulled together by gravityand it begins to spin.
How does mass affect the life cycle of stars?
Life Cycles of Stars A star's life cycle is determined by its mass. The larger its mass, the shorter its life cycle. A star's mass is determined by the amount of matter that is available in its nebula, the giant cloud of gas and dust from which it was born.
What stage of the Star Cycle is our Sun?
The cloud begins to glow brightly, contracts a little, and becomes stable. It is now a main sequence star and will remain in this stage, shining for millions to billions of years to come. This is the stage our Sun is at right now.
What happens in the red giant phase of the Star Cycle?
The outer shell of the star, which is still mostly hydrogen, starts to expand. As it expands, it cools and glows red. The star has now reached the red giant phase. It is red because it is cooler than it was in the main sequence star stage and it is a giant because the outer shell has expanded outward.
What is meant by star-gas-star cycle?
What do we mean by the star-gas-star cycle? It is the continuous recycling of gas in the galactic disk between stars and the interstellar medium.
What happens after many generations of the star-gas-star cycle?
What happens after many generations of the star-gas-star cycle? hydrogen gas decreases.
What effect does the star-gas-star cycle have on the composition of material in the interstellar medium?
Answer: The star-gas-star cycle gradually enriches the interstellar medium with heavy elements. Therefore, stars that formed early in the history of the galaxy were formed before much enrichment from supernova events could take place.
What is the difference between the orbits of the stars in the disk vs the orbits of the stars in the halo?
How do stellar orbits in the disk differ from those in the halo? Stars in the disk all orbit the galactic center in about the same plane and in the same direction. Halo stars also orbit the center of the galaxy, but with orbits randomly inclined to the disk of the galaxy.
Which stars formed first in the Milky Way galaxy?
Population III stars were the first suns to form in our 13.8-billion-year-old universe, and they're identifiable by their unique composition: just hydrogen, helium and lithium, the only elements around immediately after the Big Bang. Heavier elements were forged in the cores of these stars and their successors.
Where do stars form in the Milky Way?
Star Formation Stars are born within the clouds of dust and scattered throughout most galaxies. A familiar example of such as a dust cloud is the Orion Nebula. Turbulence deep within these clouds gives rise to knots with sufficient mass that the gas and dust can begin to collapse under its own gravitational attraction.
Why is interstellar space so hot?
Interstellar Medium: Hot. The most violent, and therefore hottest, ejection of gas into the interstellar medium is from supernova explosions. A supernova remnant (SNR) is the structure resulting from the gigantic explosion of a star in a supernova.
How hot is interstellar space?
The average temperature of outer space near Earth is 283.32 kelvins (10.17 degrees Celsius or 50.3 degrees Fahrenheit). In empty, interstellar space, the temperature is just 3 kelvins, not much above absolute zero, which is the coldest anything can ever get.
Why is interstellar space radioactive?
Space radiation is comprised of atoms in which electrons have been stripped away as the atom accelerated in interstellar space to speeds approaching the speed of light – eventually, only the nucleus of the atom remains.
Is the sun a disk or halo star?
Stars in the disk (the Sun, for instance) are fairly rich in heavy elements. This indicates that they are young stars, made from recycled gas into which planetary nebulae and supernovae have dumped heavy elements (carbon, oxygen, iron, and so forth).
What is the oldest star called?
Methuselah starThis "Methuselah star," cataloged as HD 140283, has been known about for more than a century because of its fast motion across the sky. The high rate of motion is evidence that the star is simply a visitor to our stellar neighborhood.
Do stars form in the halo?
The halo is home to some ancient star clusters, known as globular clusters. They are known to be old because their stars contain low levels of heavy elements, which weren't present in the young universe and were built up over time in supernovae. The clusters move about the galactic nucleus in (nearly) random orbits.
What do halo stars do differently from disk stars?
What do halo stars do differently from disk stars? They orbit the galactic center with many different inclinations, while disk stars all orbit in nearly the same plane.
What are basic characteristics of stars orbits in the disk halo and bulge of our galaxy?
Explanation: The disk orbits are more or less circular and all lie nearly on a plane. The disk stars orbit in circles with the same orientation, except for little up- and- down motion. The halo and bulge orbits are much less organized: they vary from round to very elliptical, and don't lie on a plane either.
How do stars orbit in the halo?
Stars in the inner halo have highly radial orbits, plunging toward the galactic center and traveling back out again. When the team compared the tangential motion of the outer halo stars with their radial motion, they were very surprised to find that the two were equal.
Whats the difference between the Galactic bulge and the galactic disk?
Unlike the disk, the distribution of stars in the galactic bulge is not exponential. It was once thought to be spheroidal, with an effective radius - the radius which contains half the light - of a few kpc. However, recent results indicate that the bulge is not spheroidal, but is more likely bar shaped.
How do stars determine their life cycle?
A star's life cycle is determined by its mass. The larger its mass, the shorter its life cycle. A star's mass is determined by the amount of matter that is available in its nebula, the giant cloud of gas and dust from which it was born. Over time, the hydrogen gas in the nebula is pulled together by gravity and it begins to spin. As the gas spins faster, it heats up and becomes as a protostar. Eventually the temperature reaches 15,000,000 degrees and nuclear fusion occurs in the cloud's core. The cloud begins to glow brightly, contracts a little, and becomes stable. It is now a main sequence star and will remain in this stage, shining for millions to billions of years to come. This is the stage our Sun is at right now.
What happens to a massive star after the red giant phase?
However, their life cycles start to differ after the red giant phase. A massive star will undergo a supernova explosion. If the remnant of the explosion is 1.4 to about 3 times as massive as our Sun, it will become a neutron star.
How hot is the core of a star?
The core temperature rises to over 100 billion degrees as the iron atoms are crushed together. The repulsive force between the nuclei overcomes the force of gravity, and the core recoils out from the heart of the star in a shock wave, which we see as a supernova explosion.
What happens to the Sun's core when it glows?
When the hydrogen supply in the core begins to run out, and the star is no longer generating heat by nuclear fusion , the core becomes unstable and contracts.
What happens when a star is 5 times bigger than the Sun?
From Red Giant to Supernova: The Evolutionary Path of High Mass Stars. Once stars that are 5 times or more massive than our Sun reach the red giant phase , their core temperature increases as carbon atoms are formed from the fusion of helium atoms.
How does hydrogen gas spin?
Over time, the hydrogen gas in the nebula is pulled together by gravity and it begins to spin. As the gas spins faster, it heats up and becomes as a protostar. Eventually the temperature reaches 15,000,000 degrees and nuclear fusion occurs in the cloud's core.
What is the material that is exploded away from a star called?
The shock wave propels this material out into space. The material that is exploded away from the star is now known as a supernova remnant. The hot material, the radioactive isotopes, as well as the leftover core of the exploded star, produce X-rays and gamma-rays .
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