What was the cause of the Swedish phase?
The Swedish Phase The Protestant cause got a needed break when Gustavus Adolphus, the Lutheran King of Sweden, invaded the Holy Roman Empire at the head of a powerful army.
What happened in the Swedish phase of the Thirty Years War?
Although he was killed in battle at Lützen, southwest of Leipzig, the Swedish armies achieved several victories against their Catholic enemies. However, the decisive defeat at Nördlingen in 1634 threatened continuing Swedish participation in the war....Swedish intervention in the Thirty Years' War.Date1630–1635LocationThroughout the Holy Roman Empire1 more row
What ended the Bohemian phase?
Emperor Ferdinand II regained the Bohemian throne, Maximilian of Bavaria acquired the Palatinate. The Bohemian phase of the Thirty Years' War thus ended with a Hapsburg and Catholic victory.
What happened in the Danish phase?
The new phase saw the German war expanded into an international conflict. Christian IV of Denmark came into the fighting, principally because of his fear of the rise of Hapsburg power in N Germany; he openly avowed religious motives but hoped also to enlarge his German possessions.
What were the 4 phases of the Thirty Years War?
The Four Phases of the Thirty Years WarPhase One: The Bohemian Phase (1618-1625)Phase Two: The Danish Phase (1625-1629)Phase Three: The Swedish Phase (1630-1635)Phase Four: The French Phase (1635-1648)
Why did Sweden get involved in the 30 Years war?
The general historiographical trend regarding the Swedish Intervention seems to be that while earlier historical studies asserted that Gustavus Adolphus led Sweden into the Thirty Years War out of a desire to aid his Protestant neighbors in Germany, more recent works have adopted the argument that Gustavus II invaded ...
What country is Bohemia now?
the Czech RepublicBohemia is a historical country that was part of Czechoslovakia from 1918 to 1939 and from 1945 to 1992. Since 1993 Bohemia has formed much of the Czech Republic, comprising the central and western portions of the country.
What is the Bohemian period?
Bohemian is a 19th-century historical and literary topos that places the milieu of young metropolitan artists and intellectuals - particularly those of the Latin Quarter in Paris - in a context of poverty, hunger, appreciation of friendship, idealization of art and contempt for money.
How long was the Bohemian phase?
The Bohemian Revolt (German: Böhmischer Aufstand; Czech: České stavovské povstání; 1618–1620) was an uprising of the Bohemian estates against the rule of the Habsburg dynasty that began the Thirty Years' War.
How long did it take Denmark to fall?
Lasting approximately six hours, the German ground campaign against Denmark was one of the shortest military operations of the Second World War.
Why is Denmark not part of Germany?
In more recent history, Germany remained fragmented into various kingdoms until being united in 1871 while Denmark was part of union with Sweden and Norway beginning in 1397 until Sweden broke away in 1523. After the first World War the Allies offered Denmark parts of Germany which they refused.
Why did Britain destroy Copenhagen?
The Second Battle of Copenhagen (or the Bombardment of Copenhagen) (16 August – 7 September 1807) was a British bombardment of the Danish capital, Copenhagen, in order to capture or destroy the Dano-Norwegian fleet during the Napoleonic Wars.
What side was Sweden on in the Thirty Years War?
The first phase from 1618 until 1635 was primarily a civil war between German members of the Holy Roman Empire, with support from external powers. After 1635, the Empire became one theatre in a wider struggle between France, supported by Sweden, and Emperor Ferdinand III, allied with Spain.
What happened between Sweden and Russia?
Part of the Second Northern War. Conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Baltic Sea. Also known as the Hats' Russian War. Also known as Gustav III's Russian War in Sweden, and Catherine II's Swedish War in Russia.
What happened in Sweden in the 1990s?
∎ Sweden experienced a serious crisis in the early-1990s, with banks collapsing, a sharp drop in GDP, soaring public debt, loss of the country's triple A rating, and a jump in unemployment not seen since the 1930s.
What caused Sweden riots?
Riots occurred in several Swedish cities in April 2022, primarily against police who were stationed to protect events planned by far-right Danish politician Rasmus Paludan.
Swedish greetings
The formal Swedish “Hello” is simply Hej!, which can sometimes be confusing because it sounds just like the informal English “Hey!” Saying it twice: Hej, hej! makes it more informal, though this greeting is often used as a form of “Goodbye” as well.
Common Swedish phrases for shopping
When you enter a shop, you may be greeted and welcomed. They may also ask Vill du ha hjälp? or Behöver du hjälp med någonting? to ask if you would like help. If you would like help, say Ja, tack or “Yes, please.” If not, you can answer Nej, tack. Jag tittar bara.
Common Swedish phrases for transportation
Most places in Sweden have excellent public transportation ( kollektivtrafik ),which is widely used. It is generally easy to navigate the public transit system, and even though most transportation information is also posted in English, a few key Swedish phrases could be helpful in your journey.
Challenge yourself with Clozemaster
Test your skills and see what you’ve learned from this article by playing a selection of sentences with common Swedish phrases:
Religious and political underpinnings of the Thirty Years' War – the Bohemian Revolt
Emperor Charles V sought to crush the budding Protestant ideology with the backing of his vast dominions. He was unable to compel the Lutherans to return to the Catholic faith through force, and was obliged to guarantee that every prince in the Holy Roman Empire was allowed to determine the faith of his fiefdom.
Swedish Background and Context
Gustavus Adolphus had been well informed of the war for some time, but his hands were tied because of the constant enmity of Poland. The Polish royal family, the House of Vasa asserted its right of primogeniture to the Swedish throne – which indeed it had once held.
Swedish military and constitutional reforms
This period of peace with Poland benefited Sweden much, and Gustavus employed it advantageously. He established a military system that was to become the envy of Europe. He drew up a new military code. The new improvements to Sweden's military order even pervaded the state by fueling fundamental changes in the economy.
Break in the Polish Wars
The Swedish royal family had held for some time claims to Livonia – such claims were of dubious legality but were common in Europe. They were constantly employed by monarchs to justify their attempts to acquire more land.
Preparations for the German landing
Gustav II Adolf, King of Sweden 1611–1632 a.k.a. "The Snow King". It was on his initiative that Sweden became one of the principal powers of Europe. He is often regarded as one of the great military commanders of all time.
The Landing – Wollin & Usedom
The king made no formal declaration of war against the Catholic powers. After the attack that had taken place on Stralsund, his ally, he felt that he had sufficient pretext to land without declaring war. He did make attempts to come to an agreement with the Emperor, but these negotiations were not taken seriously by either side.
Securing Pomerania
Stettin was the capital of Pomerania, and one of the reasons that it was selected as the capital was because it was centrally located in the duchy. The duchy itself was divided roughly in two by the Oder.
Overview
Swedish Invasion of Bavaria
In March 1632 King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden invaded Bavaria, with an army of Swedish soldiers and German mercenaries.
His next major confrontation was against Count Tilly at the Battle of Rain on the River Lech in April. It was a decisive victory for the Swedes and Count Tilly was mortally wounded. The immediate result of the battle was that Bavaria lay ope…
Religious and political underpinnings of the Thirty Years' War – the Bohemian Revolt
The Thirty Years' War was a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics in Germany. It originated in the co-mingling of politics and religion that was common in Europe at the time. Its distal causes reside in the previous century, at the political-religious settlement of the Holy Roman Empire known as the Peace of Augsburg. The peace was an agreement between Charles V, Holy Ro…
Swedish Background and Context
Gustavus Adolphus had been well informed of the war for some time, but his hands were tied because of the constant enmity of Poland. The Polish royal family, the House of Vasa asserted its right of primogeniture to the Swedish throne – which indeed it had once held. However, when Sigismund III Vasa was elected by the nobles of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, he was electe…
Swedish military and constitutional reforms
This period of peace with Poland benefited Sweden much, and Gustavus employed it advantageously. He established a military system that was to become the envy of Europe. He drew up a new military code. The new improvements to Sweden's military order even pervaded the state by fueling fundamental changes in the economy. The military reforms – among which tight discipline was one of the prevailing principles – brought the Swedish military to the highest level…
Break in the Polish Wars
The Swedish royal family had held for some time claims to Livonia – such claims were of dubious legality but were common in Europe. They were constantly employed by monarchs to justify their attempts to acquire more land. Later in the 17th century, Louis XIV of France would establish a series of courts known as the "Chambers of Reunion" to determine which territories that France had poss…
Preparations for the German landing
Although the Protestants had initially had some successes, the Emperor commanded all of Germany with the exception of some of the free towns on the North German coast. Including France at this time, there was no concert of action between the Protestant/Anti-Habsburg alliance. This lack of unity contributed to the failure of the Protestant cause. There were no ardent power…
The Landing – Wollin & Usedom
The king made no formal declaration of war against the Catholic powers. After the attack that had taken place on Stralsund, his ally, he felt that he had sufficient pretext to land without declaring war. He did make attempts to come to an agreement with the Emperor, but these negotiations were not taken seriously by either side.