What is the temperature of oxidizing flame?
Oxidizing Flame: The inner zone has very bright white color and has temperature of about 3300 degree centigrade. The outer flame has blue in color. This flame is used to weld oxygen free copper alloy like brass, bronze etc.
How hot is a propane oxygen flame?
Propane, also referred to as LP gas or Liquefied Petroleum Gas, when mixed with oxygen generates a flame temperature of 2800 degree Celsius.
What is the flame temperature range of oxy acetylene gas flame?
The temperature of oxyacetylene flame is about 3000oC and that of oxyhydrogen flame is approximately 2800oC. Through the combustion of pure oxygen and acetylene, the oxyacetylene process generates a high-temperature flame above 3000oC.
What temperature does LP gas burn at?
Propane burns hotter than Natural Gas. Well, this isn't technically a myth because LP (propane) burns a tiny bit hotter, but the way some people have been taught is that is burns substantially hotter. Sorry, but it ain't so. LP has a flame temperature of 3573°F while natural gas has a flame temperature of 3525°F.
Which is hotter oxy propane or oxy acetylene?
Acetylene is hotter but gives off less heat. The majority of preheating is done with Oxygen / Propane. This is a fact. The available heat from propane is higher.
What is the hottest burning fuel?
As you can see, diesel burns hotter than gasoline and hottest of the three. While gasoline barely surpasses 120,000 BTUs, diesel boasts over 137,000 BTUs per gallon! Kerosene falls a bit short of diesel, burning at almost 132,000 BTUs per gallon.
How hot is a hydrogen oxygen torch?
Safety Using the Torch Hydrogen torches are capable of producing flames with temperatures as high as (3300°C / 6000°F).
What is the hottest burning fuel?
As you can see, diesel burns hotter than gasoline and hottest of the three. While gasoline barely surpasses 120,000 BTUs, diesel boasts over 137,000 BTUs per gallon! Kerosene falls a bit short of diesel, burning at almost 132,000 BTUs per gallon.
What is the hottest chemical flame?
Highest temperature Dicyanoacetylene, a compound of carbon and nitrogen with chemical formula C4N2 burns in oxygen with a bright blue-white flame at a temperature of 5,260 K (4,990 °C; 9,010 °F), and at up to 6,000 K (5,730 °C; 10,340 °F) in ozone.
What is the initial temperature of air, gas, and oxygen?
Adiabatic flame temperatures for common gases are provided for air and oxygen. (For these values, the initial temperature of air, gas, and oxygen is 20 °C.)
What temperature does acetylene come in?
You'll get the most bang for your buck, relatively speaking, from acetylene in oxygen (3100°C) and either acetylene (2400°C), hydrogen (2045°C), or propane (1980°C) in the air.
What are the key factors in determining the correct flame treatment?
Key factors include the gas type, gas to air ratio, burner type, gas flow rate, flame distance, and flame passage speed (treatment time).
What is the volume of air required for complete theoretical combustion of gas?
The volume of air required for complete theoretical combustion of gas (such as methane) is called the stoichiometric volume (100%). A flame containing an excess (>100% stoichiometry) of air is referred to as an oxidizing flame; a flame that does not have sufficient air (<100% stoichiometry) to complete combustion is a reducing flame.
Why is it important to optimize the burner height?
Hence, it is important that the light beam from the HCL passes through the region of the flame where atomization is optimal. Optimization of the burner height is therefore necessary to ensure that maximum sensitivity is achieved.
How important is a flame control system?
For the flame to be effective, it must be oxidizing (represented by a blue flame). Correct flame control is very important. A basic flamer will complete simple work; specially designed flame control systems are recommended for routine operations and long production runs. These systems are fitted with gas and air control valves to compensate for pressure fluctuations, ensuring that the mixture is always at its optimum. Safety devices, such as flame failure shutdown, are fitted as standard. Automatic ignition is also standard. Flame nozzle design is important for these normally single or double row ribbon burners because they give a more stable flame shape and characteristic. “Flame throwers” are inefficient and unreliable. Flame control and position of the item in the flame are critical. Setting up the flamer is also very important ( Figure 3.9 ). Over-flaming will damage the surface of the product, while under-flaming can cause failure with the ink adhesion [34].
Why are flame throwers important?
Flame nozzle design is important for these normally single or double row ribbon burners because they give a more stable flame shape and characteristic. “Flame throwers” are inefficient and unreliable.
What is flame treatment?
Flame treatment is a commercial process to render polyolefins and polyethylene terephthalate adherable. The polymer article (e.g., film) is passed over an oxidizing flame formed by an oxygen-rich (relative to stoichiometry) mixture of hydrocarbon gas. Variables affecting the extent of oxidation include the flame characteristics (e.g., excess oxygen) as well as the speed of the article movement. Gas flame contains excited fragments and species such as atomic oxygen (O), NO, OH, and others that can abstract hydrogen from the surface of the polymer that is replaced by oxygenated functional groups (mostly C O and OH). Figure 3.8 depicts the flow diagram of flame treatment system.
How much tension does polyethylene have?
Polyethylene and polypropylene have a surface tension of 30 dynes/cm that must be raised to a minimum of 38 dynes/cm (preferably to 42 dynes/cm) to render their surfaces adherable. Flame treatment is the most widely used method of pretreatment. It is flexible and reliable if carefully controlled.
What is the effect of flame temperature on air?
In considering the flame temperatures of fuels in air, it is readily apparent that the major effect on flame temperature is the equivalence ratio . Of almost equal importance is the H/C ratio, which determines the ratio of water vapor, CO 2, and their formed dissociation products.
How does combustion increase flame temperature?
The maximum flame temperatures achieved by combustion processes can be further increased by preheating the reactants. In flames where dissociation of the products is small, the flame temperature increases almost rectilinearly with initial temperature. As dissociation becomes more important, however, the flame temperatures become less dependent on initial temperature.
What temperature should a furnace be to recover heat?
Regeneration to about 1100°C and recuperation to about 800°C as a mean of pre-heating combustion air are valuable methods of waste heat recovery in large furnaces. The recuperative burner can be employed on smaller furnaces. 34 Lean fuels such as blast furnace and producer gas can be pre-heated to about 500°C without cracking, to raise the adiabatic flame temperature of the fuel.
How thick is the flame front?
The results show the thickness of the flame front (region of rapid temperature rise) to be the order of 5 mm in most cases, although for one flame with large particle size and high coal-dust concentration, the thickness was around 30 mm. These flame thicknesses are considerably greater than those of atmospheric gas flames which are usually less than 1 mm thick.
How is combustor flame temperature controlled?
Combustor flame temperature is controlled by accurately metering fuel flow through the three fuel legs. The method of flow measurement chosen for the Trent gas fuel system (Figure 4–58) is based on the principle of the differential producer (pressure drop across a restriction). In this application the primary element (restriction) is the fuel-metering valve.
What is the pressure of an explosion?
Flame temperatures are typically a couple of thousand degrees and so it can be seen that explosion pressures can reach 7 or 8 bar.
What is the temperature distribution of a furnace?
First, let’s consider furnace temperature distribution—strictly speaking, it is a function of time and space T = (x, y, z, τ), where τ is time. Of course, this is only a phenomenological description. Speaking to the mechanism, the temperature distribution in the furnace is affected by the furnace geometry, fuel characteristics, burner structure, boiler load level, combustion condition, and other factors.
What is a welding flame?
Gas welding is the process of welding two metals together using a flame, which is generated by the burning of gases with oxygen. The flames generated during the process of gas welding are known as welding flames. Filler metal may or may not be used in the process of gas welding.
Different gases used in the generation of flame
The flame generated during the gas welding process is due to the mixture of fuel gas with oxygen. The fuel gases used can be acetylene, propane, butane, hydrogen, or natural gas.
Characteristics of oxyacetylene flame
The oxyacetylene flame temperature is much higher than other flames. For example, the oxyacetylene flame temperature is 3500 o C. On the other hand, the flame temperature of the oxyhydrogen flame is 3000 o C.
Applications of oxyacetylene welding flames
The major application of oxyacetylene flame is for repair work. Most of the welding done to repair a certain part in any industry is done using an oxyacetylene flame.
What are the different types of flames produced by oxyacetylene?
The figure demonstrates three types of flames that can be produced with oxyacetylene mixtures. Welding is generally carried out using the neutral flame setting which has equal quantities of oxygen and acetylene. Reducing flame. The reducing flame is the flame with low oxygen and an excess of acetylene. Flame has a secondary feather extending ...
Why is the flame yellow?
It has a yellow or yellowish color due to carbon or hydrocarbons.
What is oxydizing neutral?
What are Oxydizing – Neutral – Reducing Flames – Definition. The temperature at which it burns is a function of the amount of oxygen present in the gas mixture. The figure demonstrates three types of flames that can be produced with oxyacetylene mixtures. Oxydizing – Neutral – Reducing Flames.
Why is a flame considered neutral?
The flame is considered neutral because it neither significantly adds to nor subtracts any elements from the weld pool. A flame with a good balance of oxygen is clear blue. Oxydizing flame. The oxidizing flame is the flame produced with an excessive amount of oxygen.
Is oxidizing metal bad for soldering?
With some exceptions (e.g., platinum soldering in jewelry), the oxidizing flame is usually undesirable for welding and soldering. References: Materials Science:
What is the color of a natural gas flame?
A proper natural gas appliance flame colour is a vigorous blue colour flame with a lighter blue colour section within the middle of the flame. A small yellow colour tip may be present. A blue natural gas flame colour is indicative of proper combustion and minimal wasted gas.
What does it mean when a gas is orange?
A orange, yellow or red flames means incomplete combustion of the gas.
What does the blue flame on a gas stove mean?
LPG – propane – and natural gas (methane gas) both burn with a blue flame color. A gas stove blue flame colour and temperature means complete combustion, indicating you aren’t wasting gas and money. See the flame color temperature chart below.
What does a blue flame mean in a gas burner?
A natural gas blue flame indicates that the burner is providing the correct air-fuel mixture, with sufficient oxygen for complete combustion at the burner. A blue flame burns the fuel completely producing carbon dioxide, water and heat. The natural gas flame temperature is about 1,960°C.
What color does methane burn?
Methane gas does also burn with a yellow, orange or red color, when there is incomplete combustion, with a methane gas flame temperature is about 1,000 °C. Ethane, propane, butane and isobutane do also burn with a blue flame color. Methane gas is the primary constituent of natural gas and it burns with a blue color flame.
Why is my gas stove yellow?
A yellow or red flames on gas stove is dangerous, as it is indicative of incomplete combustion and carbon monoxide (CO) generation. A gas cooker yellow flame is a dangerous safety problem, if it occurs with an indoor appliance like a gas stove.
Why are flames yellow?
The yellow or red flames are due to incandescence of very fine soot particles that are produced in the flame. This type of red flames only burns at around 1,000 °C, as noted on the flame color temperature chart. Depending on the lighting, you may have actually seen the soot rising from the flame.
What is the temperature of the inner zone of a flame?
The temperature of the inner zone is about 3100°C – 3400 °C while the temperature of the outer zone is about 1200°C – 1300°C. The inner zone of the flame turns out luminous that is white-bluish indicating the completion of the combustion process. The outer zone of the flame is a light blue envelope or a sheath.
What type of flame is used for welding copper?
we use this type of flame. If more heat is needed for welding then we use oxidizing flam e in which the temperature of inner zone is very high. Oxidizing flame is not suitable for the welding of metals for example zinc, copper, manganese steel, cast iron etc.
Why is natural flame used in welding?
According to its name, in this process of welding flame neutral or equal proportion or volume of oxygen and acetylene are released and it absorbs additional oxygen from air then complete combustion process occurs .it is also known as natural flame because no chemical reaction takes place on the metal to be welded. Generally, natural flame is preferred for welding process due to its mild and fine nature.
Why does a carburizing flame make a metal boil?
If we use strong carburizing flame for welding, the metal will boil and not be clear. The steel, having a property of absorbing carbon from the flame, gives off heat. This will ultimately makes the metal to boil. When cold, the weld metal has the properties of high carbon steel, being brittle and can be easily cracked.
What is oxyfuel welding?
In oxy fuel welding, commonly known as gas welding process in which flames has been produced by burning fuels and then flames are used to create a weld joint. So different types of flame play an important role in deciding properties of welding. We have three types of flames discussed below.
What kind of flame do you use for backhand welding?
For the purpose of back-hand welding we use slight feather of acetylene. For welding high carbon steel such as non-ferrous alloys e.g. we use this type of flame.