What are the six types of electromagnetic radiation?
What are the 6 types of electromagnetic radiation? The different types of electromagnetic radiation shown in the electromagnetic spectrum consists of radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays. The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that we are able to see is the visible light spectrum.
What are three examples of electromagnetic radiation?
Radiation Examples
- ultraviolet light from the sun
- heat from a stove burner
- visible light from a candle
- x-rays from an x-ray machine
- alpha particles emitted from the radioactive decay of uranium
- sound waves from your stereo
- microwaves from a microwave oven
- electromagnetic radiation from your cell phone
- ultraviolet light from a black light
What do you need to know about electromagnetic radiation?
Electromagnetic radiation is a stream of energy-filled, mass-less particles (photons), each traveling in a wave-like pattern at the speed of light. The level of energy in the photons determines the type of radiation. Electromagnetic radiation can be expressed in terms of energy, wavelength, or frequency.
Why is radiation called electromagnetic?
Why is it called the electromagnetic spectrum? Scientists call them all electromagnetic radiation. The waves of energy are called electromagnetic (EM) because they have oscillating electric and magnetic fields. Scientists classify them by their frequency or wavelength, going from high to low frequency (short to long wavelength).
Who gave theory of electromagnetic radiation?
Heinrich Hertz was a brilliant German physicist and experimentalist who demonstrated that the electromagnetic waves predicted by James Clerk Maxwell actually exist. Hertz is also the man whose peers honored by attaching his name to the unit of frequency; a cycle per second is one hertz.
What is electromagnetic energy in simple words?
Electromagnetic energy is radiant energy that travels in waves at the speed of light. It can also be described as radiant energy, electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic waves, light, or the movement of radiation. Electromagnetic radiation can transfer of heat.
How do electromagnetic affect you?
Effects on general health Some members of the public have attributed a diffuse collection of symptoms to low levels of exposure to electromagnetic fields at home. Reported symptoms include headaches, anxiety, suicide and depression, nausea, fatigue and loss of libido.
Which electromagnetic wave is the most important to humans?
The most used electromagnetic radiation by humans is visible light. Thanks to our eye we can see objects thanks to thelight rays that are reflected by them...
What is electromagnetic energy kid definition?
Electromagnetic radiation is a type of wave that transfers energy. It includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, UV light, X-rays, and gamma rays. The difference between all of these is the wavelength of the radiation.
What is electromagnetic energy explain with example?
Electromagnetic energy or electromagnetic radiation is light. It's any self-propagating energy that has an electric and magnetic field. You can draw examples of electromagnetic energy from any part of the spectrum. Of course, there is visible light, but you could name many other examples: gamma rays.
What is electromagnetic energy example?
Examples of EM radiation include radio waves and microwaves, as well as infrared, ultraviolet, gamma, and x-rays. Some sources of EM radiation include sources in the cosmos (e.g., the sun and stars), radioactive elements, and manufactured devices. EM exhibits a dual wave and particle nature.
What is electromagnetic radiation for dummies?
Electromagnetic radiation is energy that is propagated through free space or through a material medium in the form of electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves, visible light, and gamma rays.
What is electromagnetic radiation?
In physics, electromagnetic radiation ( EM radiation or EMR) refers to the waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field, propagating through space, carrying electromagnetic radiant energy. It includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, (visible) light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. All of these waves form part of the ...
When was electromagnetic radiation discovered?
Electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths other than those of visible light were discovered in the early 19th century. The discovery of infrared radiation is ascribed to astronomer William Herschel, who published his results in 1800 before the Royal Society of London. Herschel used a glass prism to refract light from the Sun and detected invisible rays that caused heating beyond the red part of the spectrum, through an increase in the temperature recorded with a thermometer. These "calorific rays" were later termed infrared.
What are the different types of electromagnetic waves?
In order of increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength these are: radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and gamma rays.
What are the elements that make up electromagnetic radiation?
It includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, (visible) light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. All of these waves form part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Classically, electromagnetic radiation consists of electromagnetic waves, which are synchronized oscillations of electric and magnetic fields.
How are electromagnetic waves created?
Electromagnetic radiation or electromagnetic waves are created due to periodic change of electric or magnetic field. Depending on how this periodic change occurs and the power generated, different wavelengths of electromagnetic spectrum are produced.
What direction does an electromagnetic wave travel?
A linearly polarized sinusoidal electromagnetic wave, propagating in the direction + z through a homogeneous, isotropic, dissipationless medium, such as vacuum. The electric field ( blue arrows) oscillates in the ± x -direction, and the orthogonal magnetic field ( red arrows) oscillates in phase with the electric field, but in the ± y -direction.
How does dipole moment work?
In many such situations it is possible to identify an electrical dipole moment that arises from separation of charges due to the exciting electrical potential, and this dipole moment oscillates in time, as the charges move back and forth. This oscillation at a given frequency gives rise to changing electric and magnetic fields, which then set the electromagnetic radiation in motion.
How does electromagnetic radiation interact with matter?
Electromagnetic radiation exhibits a multitude of phenomena as it interacts with charged particles in atoms, molecules, and larger objects of matter . These phenomena as well as the ways in which electromagnetic radiation is created and observed, the manner in which such radiation occurs in nature, and its technological uses depend on its frequency ...
What is the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation?
The spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation extends from very low values over the range of radio waves, television waves, and microwaves to visible light and beyond to the substantially higher values of ultraviolet light, X-rays, and gamma rays. Britannica Quiz.
How does electromagnetic radiation affect everyday life?
Everyday life is pervaded by artificially made electromagnetic radiation: food is heated in microwave ovens, airplanes are guided by radar waves, television sets receive electromagnetic waves transmitted by broadcasting stations, and infrared waves from heaters provide warmth. Infrared waves also are given off and received by automatic self-focusing cameras that electronically measure and set the correct distance to the object to be photographed. As soon as the Sun sets, incandescent or fluorescent lights are turned on to provide artificial illumination, and cities glow brightly with the colourful fluorescent and neon lamps of advertisement signs. Familiar too is ultraviolet radiation, which the eyes cannot see but whose effect is felt as pain from sunburn. Ultraviolet light represents a kind of electromagnetic radiation that can be harmful to life. Such is also true of X-rays, which are important in medicine as they allow physicians to observe the inner parts of the body but exposure to which should be kept to a minimum. Less familiar are gamma rays, which come from nuclear reactions and radioactive decay and are part of the harmful high-energy radiation of radioactive materials and nuclear weapons.
What is electromagnetic wave?
An electromagnetic wave is characterized by its intensity and the frequency ν of the time variation of the electric and magnetic fields. In terms of the modern quantum theory, electromagnetic radiation is the flow of photons (also called light quanta) through space.
Where does energy come from?
Only the energy from nuclear reactors does not originate from the Sun.
What is the symbol for a photon?
Photons are packets of energy h ν that always move with the universal speed of light. The symbol h is Planck’s constant, while the value of ν is the same as that of the frequency of the electromagnetic wave of classical theory. Photons having the same energy h ν are all alike, and their number density corresponds to the intensity of the radiation.
What is the quantum theory of radiation?
He proposed that all material systems can absorb or give off electromagnetic radiation only in “chunks” of energy, quan ta E , and that these are proportional to the frequency ...
Which theory of electromagnetic waves was able to explain all phenomena of light, electricity, and magnetism?
After a long struggle electromagnetic wave theory had triumphed. The Faraday - Maxwell - Hertz theory of electromagnetic radiation seemed to be able to explain all phenomena of light, electricity, and magnetism. The understanding of these phenomena enabled one to produce electromagnetic radiation of many different frequencies which had ...
What happens when radiation enters a small hole in an oven?
Any radiation that enters the small hole is scattered and reflected from the inner walls of the oven so often that nearly all incoming radiation is absorbed and the chance of some of it finding its way out of the hole again can be made exceedingly small.
What are the quantitative aspects of incandescent radiation?
The quantitative aspects of the incandescent radiation constitute the radiation laws. The Austrian physicist Josef Stefan found in 1879 that the total radiation energy per unit time emitted by a heated surface per unit area increases as the fourth power of its absolute temperature T (Kelvin scale).
How much more electromagnetic energy does the Sun have?
This means that the Sun’s surface, which is at T = 6,000 K, radiates per unit area (6,000/300) 4 = 20 4 = 160,000 times more electromagnetic energy than does the same area of Earth’s surface, which is taken to be T = 300 K.
Which paper argued that the entropy of an ideal gas and the entropy of electromagnetic radiation are?
Moreover, a formal similarity of two theoretical expressions, in Einstein’s 1905 paper , of the entropy of an ideal gas and the entropy of electromagnetic radiation was deemed insufficient evidence for a real correspondence.
Who discovered that the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons depends on the metal used?
This was accomplished in 1899 by J.J. Thomson and independently by Philipp Lenard, one of Hertz’s students. Lenard discovered that for a given frequency of ultraviolet radiation the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons depends on the metal used rather than on the intensity of the ultraviolet light.
What is electromagnetic radiation?
Updated January 30, 2020. Electromagnetic radiation is self-sustaining energy with electric and magnetic field components. Electromagnetic radiation is commonly referred to as "light", EM, EMR, or electromagnetic waves. The waves propagate through a vacuum at the speed of light.
What is the name of the scientist who studies electromagnetic radiation?
Dr. Helmenstine holds a Ph.D. in biomedical sciences and is a science writer, educator, and consultant. She has taught science courses at the high school, college, and graduate levels. Electromagnetic radiation is self-sustaining energy with electric and magnetic field components. Electromagnetic radiation is commonly referred to as "light", EM, ...
What are the packets of electromagnetic waves called?
Packets or quanta of electromagnetic waves are called photons. Photons have zero rest mass, but they momentum or relativistic mass, so they are still affected by gravity like normal matter. Electromagnetic radiation is emitted any time charged particles are accelerated.
What are Maxwell's equations?
Maxwell's equations describe four main electromagnetic interactions: 1 The force of attraction or repulsion between electric charges is inversely proportional to the square of the distance separating them. 2 A moving electric field produces a magnetic field and a moving magnetic field produces an electric field. 3 An electric current in a wire produces a magnetic field such that the direction of the magnetic field depends on the direction of the current. 4 There are no magnetic monopoles. Magnetic poles come in pairs that attract and repel each other much like electric charges.
When were wavelengths of light discovered?
Wavelengths of light outside the visible spectrum were discovered early in the 19th century. William Herschel described infrared radiation in 1800. Johann Wilhelm Ritter discovered ultraviolet radiation in 1801. Both scientists detected the light using a prism to split sunlight into its component wavelengths. The equations to describe electromagnetic fields were developed by James Clerk Maxwell in 1862-1964. Prior to James Clerk Maxwell's unified theory of electromagnetism, scientists believed electricity and magnetism were separate forces.
What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?
The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic radiation. From the longest wavelength/lowest energy to the shortest wavelength/highest energy, the order of the spectrum is radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, and gamma-ray. An easy way to remember the order of the spectrum is to use ...
What is the visible spectrum?
The visible spectrum is the tiny portion of the spectrum perceived by human eyes. It's emitted by stars, lamps, and some chemical reactions. Ultraviolet radiation is emitted by stars, including the Sun. Health effects of overexposure include sunburns, skin cancer, and cataracts. Hot gases in the universe emit x-rays.
What are the particles that make up the electromagnetic flux lines?
. The Space particles compose the electromagnetic flux lines. They turn into interacting virtual electrons and positrons which absorb the relevant kinetic energy and then emitting it as a standard packets of coupled strings defined as Planck constant.
Why do atoms emit EMR?
The above process of emitting EMR also applies in the case of photons’ emissions by excited atoms. Each atom creates its own EM field, due to the fact that electrons are negatively charged orbiting a nucleus which is positively charged. As electrons move between an atoms’ orbiting shells, it’s electromagnetic field facilitates the absorptions and emissions of photons. The energy received by atoms (in the form of coupled strings) get split and stored in the electrons and nucleus of the atoms. As the atoms move to their rest states, the added strings get emitted as photons.
Why do photons change wavelength?
The only change would be in its wavelength due to the different vibration levels of the composing coupled strings as they interact with the singularities of the medium. This also explains the change in photons’ velocity due to the change in the mediums’ density they interact with.
How do photons interact with matter?
Photons can interact with matter in three ways: transmission, absorption, and reflection. Therefore there are three possible fates await each photon, as it interacts with matter:
How does light slow down?
when light enters a denser medium (e.g. from air to glass) the photons velocity, v, and wavelengths decrease in the same magnitude due to the constant ratio of v/ λ, (since the number of frequencies per second, f =v/λ is fixed). How much light slows down depends on the new medium’s index of refraction, n. (The velocity of photons, v, in a medium with index n is c/n.) The index of refraction is determined by the electric and magnetic properties of the medium. For air, n is 1.0003, for ice, n is 1.31, and for diamond, n is 2.417. The bending of light upon entering a denser medium is how lenses work.
How is EMR created?
EMR is created when charged subatomic particles, or electric fields, are moved. The movement produces oscillating electric and magnetic fields resulting in the emission of standard bundles of EM radiation known as photons.
What are the two fundamental particles?
Following our publication on this platform (Medium) an article addressing the nature and characteristics of the proposed two fundamental particles, namely the strings and singularities: https://link.medium.com/P72qb3nc24
Overview
Derivation from electromagnetic theory
Electromagnetic waves are predicted by the classical laws of electricity and magnetism, known as Maxwell's equations. There are nontrivial solutions of the homogeneous Maxwell's equations (without charges or currents), describing waves of changing electric and magnetic fields. Beginning with Maxwell's equations in free space:
where
Physics
James Clerk Maxwell derived a wave form of the electric and magnetic equations, thus uncovering the wave-like nature of electric and magnetic fields and their symmetry. Because the speed of EM waves predicted by the wave equation coincided with the measured speed of light, Maxwell concluded that light itself is an EM wave. Maxwell's equations were confirmed by Heinrich Hertz through ex…
History of discovery
Electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths other than those of visible light were discovered in the early 19th century. The discovery of infrared radiation is ascribed to astronomer William Herschel, who published his results in 1800 before the Royal Society of London. Herschel used a glass prism to refract light from the Sun and detected invisible rays that caused heating beyond the red pa…
Electromagnetic spectrum
EM radiation (the designation 'radiation' excludes static electric and magnetic and near fields) is classified by wavelength into radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays. Arbitrary electromagnetic waves can be expressed by Fourier analysis in terms of sinusoidal monochromatic waves, which in turn can each be classified into these regions of the EMR spectrum.
Atmosphere and magnetosphere
Most UV and X-rays are blocked by absorption first from molecular nitrogen, and then (for wavelengths in the upper UV) from the electronic excitation of dioxygen and finally ozone at the mid-range of UV. Only 30% of the Sun's ultraviolet light reaches the ground, and almost all of this is well transmitted.
Visible light is well transmitted in air, as it is not energetic enough to excite nitr…
Thermal and electromagnetic radiation as a form of heat
The basic structure of matter involves charged particles bound together. When electromagnetic radiation impinges on matter, it causes the charged particles to oscillate and gain energy. The ultimate fate of this energy depends on the context. It could be immediately re-radiated and appear as scattered, reflected, or transmitted radiation. It may get dissipated into other microscopic motions within the matter, coming to thermal equilibrium and manifesting itself as th…
Biological effects
Bioelectromagnetics is the study of the interactions and effects of EM radiation on living organisms. The effects of electromagnetic radiation upon living cells, including those in humans, depends upon the radiation's power and frequency. For low-frequency radiation (radio waves to visible light) the best-understood effects are those due to radiation power alone, acting through heating when radiation is absorbed. For these thermal effects, frequency is important as it affec…