what is the therapeutic class of metoprolol

Precautions

Metoprolol is in a class of medications called beta blockers. It works by relaxing blood vessels and slowing heart rate to improve blood flow and decrease blood pressure. High blood pressure is a common condition and when not treated, can cause damage to the brain, heart, blood vessels, kidneys and other parts of the body.

What is the therapeutic effect of metoprolol?

No interactionswere found between lisinopril and Metoprolol Tartrate. This doesnot necessarily mean no interactionsexist. Always consult your healthcare provider. Furthermore, when should I take lisinopril and metoprolol? Drug and food interactionsYou should take metoprololat the same time each day, preferably with or immediately following meals.

Does metoprolol interact with Lisinopril?

Metoprolol is used alone or in combination with other medications to treat high blood pressure. It also is used to prevent angina (chest pain) and to improve survival after a heart attack. Metoprolol also is used in combination with other medications to treat heart failure. Metoprolol is in a class of medications called beta blockers.

What is metoprolol prescribed for?

Metoprolol is a cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist. It has a higher affinity for beta-1 receptors than for the beta-2 receptor subtype. ... are better peripheral and coronary vasodilators, and hence may have advantages for use in the hypertensive patient with angina. In randomized clinical trials, calcium-channel blockers and β ...

Is metoprolol a vasodilator?

What is metoprolol?

What other drugs will affect metoprolol?

What diseases can metoprolol cause?

Why is metoprolol used in the early stages of a heart attack?

What diseases can you get from taking metoprolol?

What happens if you are allergic to metoprolol?

Can metoprolol cause dry mouth?

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What is the therapeutic effect of metoprolol?

In addition, metoprolol is used to treat patients with heart failure. This medicine is a beta-blocker. It works by affecting the response to nerve impulses in certain parts of the body, like the heart. As a result, the heart beats slower and decreases the blood pressure.

What group does metoprolol belong to?

Both versions of metoprolol belong to a class of drugs called beta-blockers. A class of drugs is a group of medications that work in a similar way. These drugs are often used to treat similar conditions. Blood pressure is often raised because blood vessels are tightened.

What antiarrhythmic class is metoprolol?

Lopressor may be used alone or with other medications. Lopressor belongs to a class of drugs called Beta-Blockers, Beta-1 Selective.

What is the mechanism of action of metoprolol?

Mechanism of Action Metoprolol is a cardioselective beta-1-adrenergic receptor inhibitor that competitively blocks beta1-receptors with minimal or no effects on beta-2 receptors at oral doses of less than 100 mg in adults. It decreases cardiac output by negative inotropic and chronotropic effects.

What is the class of beta blockers?

Arrhythmias. The antiarrhythmic properties beta-blockers (Class II antiarrhythmic) are related to their ability to inhibit sympathetic influences on cardiac electrical activity.

What class of drug is Minax?

MINAX belongs to a group of medicines called beta-blockers. MINAX is used to: lower high blood pressure, also called hypertension. prevent angina (chest pain)

What are the Class 3 antiarrhythmics?

Amiodarone, sotalol, dofetilide, and ibutilide are examples of class III drugs that are currently available. Amiodarone and sotalol have other antiarrhythmic properties in addition to pure class III action, which differentiates them from the others. However, all have potential serious adverse events.

What are the 4 classes of antiarrhythmic drugs?

Antiarrhythmic drug classes:Class I - Sodium-channel blockers.Class II - Beta-blockers.Class III - Potassium-channel blockers.Class IV - Calcium-channel blockers.Miscellaneous - adenosine. - electrolyte supplement (magnesium and potassium salts) - digitalis compounds (cardiac glycosides)

Are all beta blockers Class 2 antiarrhythmics?

Now, beta blockers that mainly target pacemaker cells are actually classified as class II antiarrhythmics and just like all beta blockers, they can be subdivided into selective beta-1 blockers, like atenolol, acebutolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, esmolol, and metoprolol; or non-selective beta blockers, like timolol and ...

Is metoprolol the best beta blocker?

According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, the best beta blockers for migraines are metoprolol, propranolol, and timolol. Other beta blockers that can help prevent migraines include atenolol and nadolol. However, these two are considered second-choice medications.

What are the four actions of metoprolol?

Clinical pharmacology studies have confirmed the beta-blocking activity of metoprolol in man, as shown by (1) reduction in heart rate and cardiac output at rest and upon exercise, (2) reduction of systolic blood pressure upon exercise, (3) inhibition of isoproterenol-induced tachycardia, and (4) reduction of reflex ...

What is the most common side effect of metoprolol?

The most common adverse reactions were tiredness, dizziness, depression, shortness of breath, bradycardia, hypotension, diarrhea, pruritus, and rash.

What medications Cannot be taken with metoprolol?

Conclusion: Metoprolol should not be used concomitantly with paroxetine, fluoxetine or bupropion due to extensive interactions and the risk of serious adverse effects.

What are the 4 best blood pressure drugs?

the ACE inhibitor lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril) tops the list, followed by amlodipine besylate (Norvasc), a calcium channel blocker, and. generic hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ).

Is metoprolol an ACE inhibitor?

Is metoprolol a beta-blocker, ACE inhibitor, or diuretic? Metoprolol belongs to the group of drugs called beta-blockers. Like metoprolol, other drugs called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and diuretics can be used to treat certain heart conditions.

What are the four actions of metoprolol?

Clinical pharmacology studies have confirmed the beta-blocking activity of metoprolol in man, as shown by (1) reduction in heart rate and cardiac output at rest and upon exercise, (2) reduction of systolic blood pressure upon exercise, (3) inhibition of isoproterenol-induced tachycardia, and (4) reduction of reflex ...

Metoprolol: Side effects, dosage, uses, and more - Medical News Today

Metoprolol oral tablet is a prescription medication used to treat high blood pressure, chest pain, and heart stress after a heart attack. It's a drug called a beta-blocker. It's available as ...

Metoprolol Side Effects: Common, Severe, Long Term - Drugs.com

Metoprolol Side Effects. Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on May 12, 2022. Consumer; Professional; FAQ; Summary. Commonly reported side effects of metoprolol include: cardiac failure, bradycardia, and hypotension. See below for a comprehensive list of adverse effects.

Metoprolol Tartrate - Uses, Side Effects, and More - WebMD

Find patient medical information for metoprolol tartrate oral on WebMD including its uses, side effects and safety, interactions, pictures, warnings and user ratings.

Metoprolol Dosage Guide + Max Dose, Adjustments - Drugs.com

Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 12 Oct 2022), Cerner Multum™ (updated 21 Sep 2022), ASHP (updated 12 Oct 2022 ...

What is metoprolol used for?

Metoprolol is indicated for the treatment of angina, heart failure, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and hypertension. Some off-label uses of metoprolol include supraventricular tachycardia and thyroid storm. All the indications of metoprolol are part of cardiovascular diseases.

What is the role of metoprolol in the body?

It has a role as a beta-adrenergic antagonist, an antihypertensive agent, a xenobiotic and an environmental contaminant. It is a propanolamine, an aromatic ether, a secondary alcohol and a secondary amino compound.

How long does it take for metoprolol to be absorbed?

When metoprolol is administered orally, it is almost completely absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. The maximum serum concentration is achieved 20 min after intravenous administration and 1-2 hours after oral administration. The bioavailability of metoprolol is of 100% when administered intravenously and when administered orally it presents about 50% for the tartrate derivative and 40% for the succinate derivative. The absorption of metoprolol in the form of the tartrate derivative is increased by the concomitant administration of food.

How long does metoprolol stay in the atmosphere?

Vapor-phase metoprolol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 0.22 days. Particulate-phase metoprolol will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition.

What is the rate constant for the vapor phase reaction of metoprolol with photochemically produced hydroxy?

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of metoprolol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.5X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C (SRC) using a structure estimation method (1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 0.22 dayss at an atmospheric concentration of 5.5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm (1). Metoprolol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups (3) nor to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm) (SRC).

How is metoprolol released into the atmosphere?

Metoprolol's production and use as an antihypertensive , antianginal, and antiarrhythmic drug may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 2.8X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates metoprolol will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase metoprolol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 0.22 days. Particulate-phase metoprolol will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. If released to soil, metoprolol is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 62. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.1X10-11 atm-cu m/mole. An estimated pKa of metoprolol is 9.6, indicating that this compound will primarily exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts. Metoprolol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, metoprolol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon metoprolol's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 1.3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to metoprolol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where metoprolol is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to metoprolol by ingestion of this compound as a drug or by contact with wastewater or surface water contaminated with metoprolol. (SRC)

How long does metoprolol last?

The immediate release formulations of metoprolol present a half-life of about 3-7 hours.

What is metoprolol used for?

It also is used to prevent angina (chest pain) and to improve survival after a heart attack. Metoprolol also is used in combination with other medications to treat heart failure. Metoprolol is in a class of medications called beta blockers. It works by relaxing blood vessels and slowing heart rate to improve blood flow and decrease blood pressure.

Why is metoprolol used for migraines?

Metoprolol is also used sometimes to prevent migraine headaches and to treat irregular heartbeat and movement disorders caused by medication s for mental illness. Talk to your doctor about the possible risks of using this medication for your condition.

How should this medicine be used?

Metoprolol comes as a tablet and an extended-release (long-acting) tablet to take by mouth. The regular tablet is usually taken once or twice a day with meals or immediately after meals. The extended-release tablet is usually taken once a day. To help you remember to take metoprolol, take it around the same time (s) every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take metoprolol exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.

Can you take metoprolol with a low dose?

Your doctor may start you on a low dose of metoprolol and gradually increase your dose.

Can you stop taking metoprolol?

Do not stop taking metoprolol without talking to your doctor. Suddenly stopping metoprolol may cause chest pain or heart attack. Your doctor will probably decrease your dose gradually.

Can metoprolol cause allergic reactions?

you should know that if you have allergic reactions to different substances, your reactions may be worse while you are using metoprolol, and your allergic reactions may not respond to the usual doses of injectable epinephrine.

Can you chew metoprolol?

Take metoprolol exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor. The extended-release tablet may be split. Swallow the whole or half tablets whole; do not chew or crush them. Your doctor may start you on a low dose of metoprolol and gradually increase your dose.

How to treat metoprolol?

Consult poison control/toxicology early in the course. Treatment choices include volume resuscitation, activated charcoal, whole bowel irrigation, nasogastric lavage, atropine, glucagon, calcium gluconate/calcium chloride, high-dose insulin, vasopressors, Intralipid, transcutaneous, or transvenous pacemaker. Cardiac status and a current fluid balance will guide volume resuscitation. Activated charcoal is typically given 1 g/kg and usually only has efficacy if dosed within 1 to 2 hours of ingestion.[15]  If the patient has any altered mentation, caution is necessary to the possibility of aspiration. Whole bowel irrigation should be a consideration for extended-release preparations or large quantity ingestion.

How long does metoprolol take to work?

The extended-release preparation has a similar onset of action and a duration of up to 24 hours. Metabolism of metoprolol is hepatic with excretion in the urine.  If there is renal impairment, there is no dosage adjustment necessary. If there is a history of hepatic impairment, slowly increasing titrated doses to effect should be used. With the use of intravenous (IV) administration, cardiac monitor, including ECG heart rate and blood pressure, should be constant. Oral administration heart rate rhythm and blood pressure require monitoring. [14]

How long does metoprolol succinate stay in the system?

It is 11% bound to serum albumin.  The half-life of metoprolol is about 3 to 4 hours in most patients for non-extended release tabs. Metoprolol excretion principally occurs via the kidneys.[10]  Metoprolol succinate produces more level drug concentrations as compared to metoprolol tartrate, which has more peak-to-trough variation. However, despite these differences in pharmacokinetics, studies have concluded that both agents produce similar clinical effects, both acute and chronic. [11]

Does metoprolol cause tinnitus?

The primary adverse effects of metoprolol include heart failure exacerbation, fatigue, depression, bradycardia or heart block, hypotension, bronchospasm, cold extremities, dizziness, decreased libido, diarrhea, tinnitus, decreased exercise tolerance, glucose intolerance, and may mask hypoglycemia. Abrupt cessation of the drug may lead to a withdrawal syndrome that could cause angina or myocardial infarction. Tachycardia and hypertension are both common in withdrawal syndrome. [13]

Is metoprolol FDA approved?

Metoprolol is FDA-approved to treat angina, heart failure, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation/flutter, and hypertension. Off-label uses include supraventricular tachycardia and thyroid storm. Both oral and intravenous preparations are available. There are immediate and extended-release preparations available orally. There is controversy regarding the selection of beta-blockers in the management of the above conditions. There is also conflicting evidence regarding the optimal choice of a particular beta-blocker in treating each specific disease. This activity will highlight the mechanism of action, adverse event profile, pharmacology, monitoring, and relevant interactions of metoprolol, pertinent for members of the interprofessional team in the treatment of patients with conditions where it is of clinical value.

Is metoprolol contraindicated for heart failure?

Metoprolol is contraindicated in patients with sick sinus syndrome, second or third-degree heart block (in the absence of pacemaker),  decompensated heart failure, hypotension, and documented hypersensitivity to the drug or components. Also, caution is necessary for patients with a history of noncompliance as the abrupt cessation of the drug can lead to withdrawal syndromes, including angina and myocardial infarction.  Patients who have ingested cocaine or methamphetamine have traditionally had a contraindication to the use of selective beta-blocker such as metoprolol.  This observation has its basis on case reports, and there is no strong evidence that they cause any deleterious effects. Regardless, agents such as labetalol, which have alpha and beta activity, or calcium channel blockers should be used in these cases. Metoprolol is a pregnancy risk factor Category C drug. [14]

Does beta blocker help with myocardial infarction?

Several randomized trials in the 1980s showed a mortality benefit for beta-blockers in acute myocardial infarction. [4][5][6] The Metoprolol Atherosclerosis Prevention in Hypertensives (MAPHY) trial specifically showed a benefit of metoprolol over diuretics regarding sudden cardiac death as well as myocardial infarction. [7]  A large randomized trial of over 50,000 patients in the 1990s showed metoprolol to reduce mortality and re-infarction when used chronically after myocardial infarction.[8] Beta-blockers have demonstrated prognostic benefit and reduce mortality in the treatment of chronic heart failure. The carvedilol or metoprolol European trial (COMET) enrolled patients with stable heart failure and compared each drug head-to-head. Carvedilol was associated with a statistically significantly lower risk of all-cause death.[9]  However, recent trials have had conflicting evidence on whether selective beta-1 blockers such as metoprolol have any benefit over other beta-blockers like carvedilol. [1]

What is the USP for metoprolol?

Metoprolol Tartrate Tablets USP, 50 mg - Round, white film coated tablets with "477" debossed on one side and scored on the other side

What is metoprolol tartrate used for?

Metoprolol tartrate tablets are indicated for the treatment of hypertension. They may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents.

How long does it take to take metoprolol tartrate?

In patients who tolerate the full intravenous dose (15 mg), initiate Metoprolol tartrate tablets, 50 mg every 6 hours, 15 minutes after the last intravenous dose and continue for 48 hours.

How much metoprolol is excreted in breast milk?

Metoprolol is excreted in breast milk in a very small quantity. An infant consuming one liter of breast milk daily would receive a dose of less than 1 mg of the drug.

When to start treatment for metoprolol tartrate?

Early Treatment: During the early phase of definite or suspected acute myocardial infarction, treatment with Metoprolol tartrate can be initiated as soon as possible after the patient’s arrival

Is metoprolol found in breast milk?

About 10% of Metoprolol in plasma is bound to serum albumin. Metoprolol is known to cross the placenta and is found in breast milk.

Does metoprolol tartrate slow sinus rate?

Animal and human experiments indicate that Metoprolol Tartrate slows the sinus rate and decreases AV nodal conduction.

What is Metoprolol Tartrate?

Metoprolol Tartrate is a beta-blocker that affects the heart and circulation (blood flow through arteries and veins).

What medications affect metoprolol tartrate?

Many drugs can affect Metoprolol Tartrate, especially: any other heart or blood pressure medications; epinephrine (Epi-Pen); an antidepressant; an ergot medicine-- dihydroergotamine, ergonovine, ergotamine, methylergonovine; or.

What should I avoid while taking Metoprolol Tartrate?

Avoid driving or hazardous activity until you know how Metoprolol Tartrate will affect you. Your reactions could be impaired.

Can you crush Toprol XL?

Use the medicine exactly as directed. Metoprolol Tartrate should be taken with a meal or just after a meal. Take the medicine at the same time each day. Swallow the capsule whole and do not crush, chew, break, or open it. A Toprol XL tablet can be divided in half if your doctor has told you to do so.

Can metoprolol tartrate harm a baby?

It is not known whether Metoprolol Tartrate will harm an unborn baby. However, having high blood pressure during pregnancy may cause complications such as diabetes or eclampsia (dangerously high blood pressure that can lead to medical problems in both mother and baby).

Can you take metoprolol tartrate if you have heart problems?

Important Information. You should not use Metoprolol Tartrate if you have a serious heart problem ( heart block, sick sinus syndrome, slow heart rate ), severe circulation problems, severe heart failure, or a history of slow heart beats that caused fainting.

Can metoprolol cause dry mouth?

Ask a doctor before using this medicine if you are breast-feeding. Metoprolol can pass into breast milk and may cause dry skin, dry mouth, diarrhea, constipation, or slow heartbeats in your baby.

What is metoprolol?

Metoprolol is a beta-blocker that affects the heart and circulation (blood flow through arteries and veins).

What other drugs will affect metoprolol?

Tell your doctor about all your current medicines. Many drugs can interact with metoprolol, especially:

What diseases can metoprolol cause?

diabetes (taking metoprolol may make it harder for you to tell when you have low blood sugar ); liver disease; congestive heart failure; problems with circulation (such as Raynaud's syndrome ); a thyroid disorder; or. pheochromocytoma (tumor of the adrenal gland).

Why is metoprolol used in the early stages of a heart attack?

Metoprolol is also used to lower your risk of death or needing to be hospitalized for heart failure. Metoprolol injection is used during the early phase of a heart attack to lower the risk of death.

What diseases can you get from taking metoprolol?

asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ), sleep apnea, or other breathing disorder; diabetes (taking metoprolol may make it harder for you to tell when you have low blood sugar ); liver disease; congestive heart failure; problems with circulation (such as Raynaud's syndrome ); a thyroid disorder; or.

What happens if you are allergic to metoprolol?

Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction to metoprolol: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Can metoprolol cause dry mouth?

Ask a doctor before using this medicine if you are breast-feeding. Metoprolol can pass into breast milk and may cause dry skin, dry mouth, diarrhea, constipation, or slow heartbeats in your baby.

Medical uses

Administration

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Uses

• Metoprolol is used alone or in combination with other medications to treat high blood pressure. It also is used to prevent angina (chest pain) and to improve survival after a heart attack. Metoprolol also is used in combination with other medications to treat heart failure. Metoprolol is in a class of medications called beta blockers. It works by r...

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Risks

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Preparation