What Causes XYY Syndrome?
Boys who have XYY syndrome are born with it. It's called XYY because they have an extra Y chromosome in most or all of their cells.Usually, a perso...
What Are The Signs & Symptoms of XYY Syndrome?
Noticeable signs and symptoms of XYY syndrome can vary greatly. Some boys have no obvious signs, while others have mild symptoms. Occasionally, the...
What Problems Can Happen?
Some boys with XYY syndrome may develop behavioral problems, such as ADHD, autism, explosive temper, impulsivity, or defiant behavior. These proble...
How Is XYY Syndrome Diagnosed?
Many boys with XYY syndrome are healthy and have no obvious symptoms. So sometimes the condition isn't diagnosed or is only found while a doctor ch...
How Is XYY Syndrome Treated?
There's no cure for XYY syndrome, but there are treatment options that can help address specific symptoms.Finding services early is important and c...
How many chromosomes are in XYY syndrome?
XYY syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder caused by the presence of an extra Y chromosome. Normally, males have 46 chromosomes including one X and one Y chromosome. Males with XYY syndrome have 47 chromosomes, two of which are Y chromosomes. Most cases of XYY syndrome are due to a cell division error in the sperm prior to conception. Rarely, the cell division error occurs after conception resulting in a mosiac of cells with 46 chromosomes and 47 chromosomes. The exact cause for why these errors in cell division occur is not understood.
What is XYY syndrome?
General Discussion. Summary. XYY syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder that affects males. It is caused by the presence of an extra Y chromosome. Males normally have one X and one Y chromosome. However, individuals with this syndrome have one X and two Y chromosomes.
How to diagnose XYY syndrome?
A diagnosis of XYY syndrome may be made before birth (prenatally) through amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS). During amniocentesis, a sample of fluid that surrounds the developing fetus is removed and analyzed, while CVS involves the removal of tissue samples from a portion of the placenta. Chromosomal studies performed on such fluid or tissue samples may reveal the presence of an extra Y chromosome.
Why is XYY syndrome called the super male disease?
It was sometimes called the super-male disease because men with this syndrome were thought to be overly-aggressive and lacking in empathy. Recent studies have shown that this is not the case. Although individuals with XYY syndrome have an increased risk for learning disabilities and behavioral problems, they are not overly aggressive, nor are they at an increased risk of any serious mental illness. Because these boys are at a higher risk for having learning disabilities, they may benefit from speech therapy, tutoring, and general awareness of the specific issues they struggle with. Although the first years of school may be more challenging for boys with XYY syndrome, they generally go on to lead full, healthy, and normal lives.
How much intelligence does a boy with XYY syndrome have?
Boys with XYY syndrome typically have normal intelligence, although, on average, IQ is 10 to 15 points lower than siblings. Affected boys may exhibit mild delays in reaching developmental milestones.
How tall is XYY?
The most common physical difference is increased height, which usually becomes apparent after the age of five or six, and results in an average height of about 6 feet, 3 inches by adulthood. Some individuals with XYY also develop severe cystic acne during adolescence. Fertility and sexual development are normal. Besides the potential for increased height, most affected individuals typically have a normal physical appearance (phenotype).
Is XYY syndrome aggressive?
Although individuals with XYY syndrome have an increased risk for learning disabilities and behavioral problems, they are not overly aggressive, nor are they at an increased risk of any serious mental illness.
How many chromosomes are in XYY?
Most cases of XYY syndrome are not inherited, and the syndrome occurs randomly in pregnancies of women from all ages and ethnic backgrounds. People normally have 46 chromosomes in each cell.
What is XYY syndrome?
Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. XYY syndrome is a genetic condition that occurs when a male is born with an extra Y chromosome. Instead of having one X and one Y sex chromosome, those with XYY syndrome have one X and two Y chromosomes. Sex chromosome abnormalities like XYY syndrome are some of the most common chromosome ...
What are the closest disorders to XYY syndrome?
The closest disorders associated with XYY syndrome are other conditions that include sex chromosome abnormalities, such as Klinefelter syndrome, which is a group of chromosomal disorders in males in which one or more extra X chromosomes are present. (3)
What is the most common chromosome abnormality?
Sex chromosome abnormalities like XYY syndrome are some of the most common chromosome abnormalities. (1,2) Other names for the condition are 47,XYY syndrome, Jacob’s syndrome, XYY karyotype, or YY syndrome. (3)
What are the symptoms of XYY syndrome?
Weak muscle tone. Hand tremors or motor tics. Asth ma. Delayed development of motor skills, such as sitting and walking. However, because these characteristics tend to fall within the normal range for males, often those with XYY syndrome do not get diagnosed.
How many people have XYY syndrome?
According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the condition occurs in about 1 in 1,000 live births, with 5 to 10 boys with XYY syndrome born daily in the United States.
How to diagnose XYY syndrome?
If prenatal diagnosis is not done, a physician can diagnose XYY syndrome on a person by performing a clinical evaluation, patient history, and specialized tests, such as a karyotype, which is the most common test, to detect the presence of an extra Y chromosome. (3)
Why is XYY called XYY?
It's called XYY because they have an extra Y chromosome in most or all of their cells. Usually, a person has 46 chromosomes in each cell, divided into 23 pairs, which includes two sex chromosomes. Half of the chromosomes are inherited from the father and the other half from the mother.
What Is XYY Syndrome?
XYY syndrome is a genetic condition found in males only. About 1 in 1,000 boys have it.
What Are the Signs & Symptoms of XYY Syndrome?
Noticeable signs and symptoms of XYY syndrome can vary greatly. Some boys have no obvious signs, while others have mild symptoms. Occasionally, the disorder causes significant problems.
Why is XYY syndrome found?
XYY syndrome often is found because parents talked with a doctor about concerns with their son's development. This can help boys receive a diagnosis early. Research has shown that early interventions and treatments are more effective.
How many chromosomes do boys have?
Boys typically have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, or XY, but boys with XYY syndrome have an extra Y chromosome, or XYY. XYY syndrome is not caused by anything the parents did or did not do.
What is the mosaic form of XYY syndrome?
When the extra chromosome is the result of incorrect cell division early in the embryo's development, a boy may have a mosaic form of XYY syndrome. This means some of the cells have an extra Y chromosome, but not all do. Boys with mosaic XYY syndrome usually have fewer symptoms.
How to diagnose XYY syndrome?
To diagnosis XYY syndrome, a blood sample is checked for the presence of the extra Y chromosome. Before birth, the condition can be found through a chromosomal analysis. Testing is done on the fluid surrounding the fetus, tissue from the placenta, or the blood from the mother.
Why is XYY called XYY?
It's called XYY because they have an extra Y chromosome in most or all of their cells. Usually, a person has 46 chromosomes in each cell, divided into 23 pairs, which includes two sex chromosomes. Half of the chromosomes are inherited from the father and the other half from the mother.
What Is XYY Syndrome?
XYY syndrome is a genetic condition found in males only. About 1 in 1,000 boys have it.
What Are the Signs & Symptoms of XYY Syndrome?
Noticeable signs and symptoms of XYY syndrome can vary greatly. Some boys have no obvious signs, while others have mild symptoms. Occasionally, the disorder causes significant problems.
How Is XYY Syndrome Treated?
There's no cure for XYY syndrome, but there are treatment options that can help address specific symptoms.
How many chromosomes do boys have?
Boys typically have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, or XY, but boys with XYY syndrome have an extra Y chromosome, or XYY. XYY syndrome is not caused by anything the parents did or did not do.
What is the mosaic form of XYY syndrome?
When the extra chromosome is the result of incorrect cell division early in the embryo's development, a boy may have a mosaic form of XYY syndrome. This means some of the cells have an extra Y chromosome, but not all do. Boys with mosaic XYY syndrome usually have fewer symptoms.
Why is XYY syndrome found?
XYY syndrome often is found because parents talked with a doctor about concerns with their son's development. This can help boys receive a diagnosis early. Research has shown that early interventions and treatments are more effective.
What is XYY syndrome?
XYY syndrome is a genetic condition in which a male has an extra Y chromosome. There are usually few symptoms. These may include being taller than average, acne, and an increased risk of learning problems. The person is generally otherwise typical, including typical rates of fertility.
When was 47,XYY discovered?
In the wake of the establishment of the normal number of human chromosomes, 47,XYY was the last of the common sex chromosome aneuploidies to be discovered, two years after the discoveries of 47,XXY, 45,X, and 47,XXX in 1959. Even the much less common 48,XXYY had been discovered in 1960, a year before 47,XYY.
What are the blue and pink circles in XYY syndrome?
MI and MII are the stages of meiosis, while the blue and pink circles are male and female cells respectively, and the blue and pink bars are Y- and X-chromosomes respectively . The purple cell has 2 Y-chromosomes and 1 X-chromosome due to fusing with a male cell with 2 Y-chromosomes, which was due to division problems in MII of the male.
How is 47 XYY diagnosed?
The syndrome is diagnosed in an increasing number of children prenatally by amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling in order to obtain a chromosome karyotype, where the abnormality can be observed .
What is the IQ of 47 XYY boys?
In prospective studies of 47,XYY boys identified by newborn screening programs, the IQ scores of 47,XYY boys were usually slightly lower than those of their siblings. In Edinburgh, fifteen 47,XYY boys with siblings identified in a newborn screening program had an average 104.0 verbal IQ and 106.7 performance IQ, while their siblings had an average 112.9 verbal IQ and 114.6 performance IQ.
When was the first XYY study published?
Over the next decade, almost all published XYY studies were on height-selected, institutionalized XYY males. In January 1968 and March 1968, The Lancet and Science published the first U.S. reports of tall, institutionalized XYY males by Mary Telfer, a biochemist, and colleagues at the Elwyn Institute.
How tall is 47 XYY?
Physical traits. People with the 47,XYY karyotype have an increased growth rate from early childhood, with an average final height approximately 7 cm (3") above expected final height.
How many genes are in the X chromosome?
The X chromosome carries at least 150 genes linked to intelligence. Since the mother has two X chromosomes to pass along while the father only has one, the mother’s contribution to the child’s intelligence will, on average, be greater than the father’s; this is especially true if the child is male, since his only X chromosome will come from his mother.
What is XXY syndrome?
Also known as XXY syndrome,this rare condition occurs when male babies are born with an extra X chromosome. These individuals tend to have smaller genitalia, extreme shyness, speech delay, learning disabilities, and dyslexia. However, there are few other obvious signs of XXY syndrome.
What is the biological mechanism wherein genes are expressed differently depending on whether they are inherited from the mother or the father?
Genomic imprinting is the biological mechanism wherein genes are expressed differently depending on whether they are inherited from the mother or the father. The imprinted brain theory developed by Christopher Badcock and Bernard Crespi hypothesizes that imprinting contributes to a range of psychiatric and neurological afflictions, most commonly autism spectrum and schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
What is the effect of X chromosomes on mental health?
The X chromosome gene XIST can have a huge impact on female mental health. It tends to be overexpressed in the genes of females who have bipolar disorderor major depression. The down-regulation of X genes, on the other hand, can be a predictor of autism spectrum disorders, especially Asperger’s syndrome.
How many X chromosomes are there in a female?
X chromosomes are expressed differently depending on whether you are male or female. Since females have two X chromosomes, one may be expressed, or manifest in the phenotype, and the other may be silenced. Because males have only inherited one X chromosome,it is sure to be expressed.
How many pairs of chromosomes are there in a human cell?
X Y Chromosomes. X Chromosome, Y Chromosome. Each human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes that carry DNAwithin their nucleus. The X and Y chromosomes, commonly referred to as the sex chromosomes, are one such pair. They determine the biological sex, reproductive organs, and sexualcharacteristics that develop in a person.
Is autism X-linked?
While diseases such as color-blindness and hemophilia have long been understood to be X-linked, biologists and behavioral geneticists now know that important brain functions and conditions, from intelligence to autism, may be up-regulated or down-regulated by genes found on the X chromosome.
What does the X chromosome do?
X Chromosome Infographic. The X chromosome determines your sex, gives some females super color vision and lends its magic to a certain breed of cat.
What is the name of the disease caused by the presence of three X chromosomes instead of two?
Changes in the structure or number of X chromosomes can lead to a number of diseases. For example, trisomy X syndrome is caused by the presence of three X chromosomes instead of two. Turner syndrome occurs when women inherit only one copy of the X chromosome.
How many chromosomes are in a calico cat?
In the nucleus of each cell, DNA packaged in thread-like structures called chromosomes. Most human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Do males inherit X chromosomes?
Biologically male people always inherit their X chromosome from their mother.
What is a chromosome XXY?
by XXY Guy. A chromosome is a strand of DNA. XXY chromosomes are a naturally occurring human male variation. XXY men are identical in physical appearance and mental capacity to XY men. XXY Quick Facts:
What is XXY in medical terms?
XXY is a human equality issue that impacts millions of women, men, and their families. It is a misinformation issue that has confused doctors and governments, and caused doctors to misinform millions of expectant parents with advice to terminate their pregnancies based on flawed research information.
Is XXY accurate?
The sad truth is, there are few accurate XXY information resources. Even the most recent medical research makes inaccurate statements about XXY. In one such study, the approval of peer reviewers was done by a doctor who specializes in the sleep patterns of honey bees, mice, and people, a subject with no relation to XXY.
Is it bad to have XXY chromosomes?
Yet, there is nothing inherently detrimental about being built with XXY chromosomes. XXY men can have the same strengths and attributes as XY men. XXY boys and men are fully capable, intelligent, athletic, and social human beings.
Is XXY a good study?
Also, the stated aims and conclusions often reveal biases, which invalidate the studies. XXY can be a good thing, present ing some unique advantages.
Is XXY a human?
Presently, a majority of the medical research community (and many doctors) regard XXY men as subhuman, possessing defective chromosomes, but this is not true. XXY chr omosomes are not defective. They serve individuals just fine.
Is XXY male a negative trait?
Many medical research universities publish a laundry list of supposedly common physical and mental characteristics of XXY males, yet the truth is there are no characteristics common to all XXY males, and there are often no negative characteristics. In fact, there are some positive differences.
