what is total reduplication

Reduplication is the doubling of some part of a morphological constituent (root, stem, word) for some morphological purpose. Total reduplication reduplicates the entire constituent, as with plural formation in Indonesian (Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic; Cohn 1989:185): kərá ‘monkey’ → kərá-kərá ‘monkeys’.

Full Answer

What are the three meanings of reduplication?

Reduplication  The term “Reduplication” includes three meanings : 1- The process . 2-The result of the process. (new word) 3-The element repeated. The repeated word is the basic or originating morpheme. The new word is called twin-words. 3.

What are the considerations for reduplication?

As with morphology in general, two considerations that arise in reduplication are related to form and meaning. As for form, the term “reduplicant” has been widely used to refer to the repeated portion of a word, while “base” is used to refer to the portion of the word that provides the source material for repetition.

What is partial reduplication with example?

Partial reduplication involves a reduplication of only part of the word. For example, Marshallese forms words meaning 'to wear X' by reduplicating the last consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) sequence of a base, i.e. base+CVC:

What is the mechanism by which total reduplication occurs?

The mechanism by which total reduplication occurs varies with different theoretical approaches. Early research achieved this by morpheme or stem repetition (Marantz, 1982), referred to as tautologous compounding by McCarthy and Prince (1988, 1990). More recently, Morphological Doubling Theory (Inkelas & Zoll, 2005, p.

What is total reduplication example?

Reduplication refers to words formed through repetition of sounds. Examples include okey-dokey, film-flam, and pitter-patter. English is replete with these playful coinages. Many are baby words: tum-tum, pee-pee, boo-boo.

What is total and partial reduplication?

Reduplication is a morphological process in which word, stem or root is doubled. This process takes place in two major types; total reduplication and partial reduplication. Total reduplication doubles the entire word whereas partial reduplication copies some phonological features of the word, stem or root.

What do you mean by reduplication?

Introduction. Reduplication is a word-formation process in which meaning is expressed by repeating all or part of a word. The study of reduplication has generated a great deal of interest in terms of understanding a number of properties associated with the word-formation process.

How many types of reduplication are there?

three typesTravis (2001) argued that there are three types of reduplication: phonological, syntactic, and what Ghomeshi, Jackendoff, Rosen and Russell (2004) call contrastive reduplication.

What is partial reduplication?

Partial reduplication involves the copying of a part of the base. Any part of the base could be copied and attached either before or after the base.

What are the three types of reduplication?

There are three types of reduplications:Exact: The two halves of an exact reduplication are exactly the same. ... Rhyming: The two halves of the reduplication are not exactly the same but rhyme with each other. ... Ablaut: Ablaut refers to those words which change form when a vowel is shifted.

Why is reduplication used?

In many languages, reduplication is used in inflections to convey grammatical functions and in lexical derivations to create semantic forms. Tannen (1987) views it to be a limitless resource for individual creativity and the central linguistic meaning making strategy.

Why is reduplication important?

It is often used when a speaker adopts a tone more "expressive" or figurative than ordinary speech and is also often, but not exclusively, iconic in meaning. Reduplication is found in a wide range of languages and language groups, though its level of linguistic productivity varies.

Does English have reduplication?

Out of 368 languages recorded on the World Atlas of Language Structures, only 55 have no “productive reduplication” (English among them), which means there are quite a lot of people repeating themselves in quite a lot of languages all over the world, to express grammatical concepts. It's a thing.

Is Mama a reduplication?

The first words we speak are reduplicative. Around the world, babies refer to their parents by simple, repeating syllables: mama, dada, papa, tata, and so on. As a result, reduplicative words can sound childish or silly.

What is reduplication PDF?

Reduplication is a word formation process in which some part of a. base (a segment, syllable, morpheme) is repeated, either to the left, or to the. right of the word or, occasionally, within the middle of the word. While.

Is walkie talkie reduplication?

Reduplication is the formation of a new word by doubling a word, either with change of initial consonants (teenie-weenie, walkie-talkie), with change of vowel (chit-chat, zig-zag) or without change (night-night, so-so and win-win).

What is full reduplication in morphology?

In linguistics, reduplication is a morphological process in which the root or stem of a word (or part of it) or even the whole word is repeated exactly or with a slight change.

What is a reduplication SLP?

“Reduplication is the repetition of the first syllable, which is usually also the stressed syllable, to constitute the second, and occasionally subsequent, syllable(s) in a multisyllabic word.”

Is walkie talkie reduplication?

Reduplication is the formation of a new word by doubling a word, either with change of initial consonants (teenie-weenie, walkie-talkie), with change of vowel (chit-chat, zig-zag) or without change (night-night, so-so and win-win).

What is reduplication and blending write two examples of your own for each of them?

(a) Reduplication: The root/stem of a word is repeated exactly the same or with a slight change. (b) Blending: Parts of two or more words combine to form a new one. For example, breakfast + lunch = brunch.

What is the meaning of reduplication?

t. e. In linguistics, reduplication is a morphological process in which the root or stem of a word (or part of it) or even the whole word is repeated exactly or with a slight change. The classic observation on the semantics of reduplication is Edward Sapir's: "generally employed, with self-evident symbolism, ...

When to use reduplication?

It is often used when a speaker adopts a tone more "expressive" or figurative than ordinary speech and is also often, but not exclusively, iconic in meaning.

What is reduplication in phonology?

Reduplication is often described phonologically in one of two ways: either (1) as reduplicated segments (sequences of consonants / vowels) or (2) as reduplicated prosodic units ( syllables or moras ).

What language used partial reduplication of a consonant and e in many stative aspect verb forms?

The Proto-Indo-European language used partial reduplication of a consonant and e in many stative aspect verb forms. The perfect or preterite (past) tense of some Ancient Greek, Gothic, Latin, Sanskrit, Old Irish, and Old Norse verbs preserve this reduplication:

What does "reduplicate" mean in Afrikaans?

Afrikaans makes use of reduplication to emphasize the meaning of the word repeated and to denote a plural or event happening in more than one place. For example, krap means "to scratch one's self," while krap-krap-krap means "to scratch one's self vigorously", whereas "dit het plek-plek gereën", means "it rained here and there". Reduplication in Afrikaans has been described extensively in the literature – see for example Botha (1988), Van Huyssteen (2004) and Van Huyssteen & Wissing (2007). Further examples of this include: "koes" (to dodge) being reduplicated in the sentence "Piet hardloop koes-koes weg" (Piet is running away while constantly dodging / cringing); "sukkel" (to struggle) becoming "sukkel-sukkel" (making slow progress; struggling on); and "kierang" (to cheat) becoming "kierang-kierang" to indicate being cheated on repeatedly.

Which language uses triplication?

Few languages employ triplication in their language. In Micronesia, Pingelapese is one of only two languages that uses triplication, the other being Mokilese. Reduplication and triplication are not to be confused with tense however. In order to make a phrase past, present, or future tense, a temporal phrase must be used.

What languages do triplication occur in?

Triplication occurs in other languages, e.g. Ewe, Shipibo, Twi, Mokilese, Min Nan ( Hokkien ), Stau. Sometimes gemination (i.e. the doubling of consonants or vowels) is considered to be a form of reduplication.

What is reduplication in biology?

Reduplication is a word-formation process in which meaning is expressed by repeating all or part of a word. The study of reduplication has generated a great deal of interest in terms of understanding a number of properties associated with the word-formation process. As with morphology in general, two considerations that arise in reduplication are ...

What is the difference between a reduplicant and a base?

As for form, the term “reduplicant” has been widely used to refer to the repeated portion of a word, while “base” is used to refer to the portion of the word that provides the source material for repetition.

Examples of reduplication in a Sentence

Recent Examples on the Web The collection, dubbed with another fun reduplication, Bon Bon, was inspired by the packaging for the Apple AirPods. — Leilani Marie Labong, SFChronicle.com, 26 June 2018

Medical Definition of reduplication

Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free!

What is reduplication in 1c?

As one can see, the relevant constituent is copied in its entirety. Word reduplication in (1c) is distinguished from others by repeating the inflectional affix.

What is the pattern of reduplication?

A not uncommon pattern of reduplication occurs where the shape of the reduplicant does not coincide with a prosodic category, such as –VC(C). This is illustrated in Lushootseed and Mangarayi below. The repeated portions are separated by dashes.

What is the shape of reduplicants?

The shape of reduplicants is fairly well constrained. The term shape will be used to refer to the general size and configuration of the segments that are repeated. This can be either total or partial repetition. Total reduplication involves repeating a root, stem, word or phrase in its entirety. In terms of partial reduplication, there are three basic patterns: foot-sized, syllable-sized, and segment-sized reduplicants. The latter is subsumed into what is referred to as a-templatic reduplication by many (Gafos, 1998; Spaelti, 1997).

What is reduplication in phonology?

Reduplication is a word-formation process in which all or part of a word is repeated to convey some form of meaning. A wide range of patterns are found in terms of both the form and meaning expressed by reduplication, making it one of the most studied phenomenon in phonology and morphology. Because the form always varies, depending on the base to which it is attached, it raises many issues such as the nature of the repetition mechanism, how to represent reduplicative morphemes, and whether or not a unified approach can be proposed to account for the full range of patterns.

What is reduplicated pattern?

Reduplicated words show a wide range of patterns in terms of whether or not there is segmental identity between the repeated portions of the words or not. The earliest work on this was by Wilbur (1973a, 1973b), who outlines several situations where there is identity and non-identity between reduplicant and base. Within these broad categories there are also many sub-categories, with patterns of identity being the most constrained, and non-identity illustrating a diverse set of patterns.

Does reduplicant have a prosodic unit?

While the shape of the reduplicant does not coincide with any prosodic unit, it does add a syllable to each word. This supports approaches in which the reduplicative morpheme is a segmentally empty syllable template or is derived via constraints on morpheme shapes. A further interesting feature of this pattern is that the shape is found almost exclusively after the first consonant. Various different researchers propose analyzing this as either a prefix that subcategorizes to be located after the first consonant (Pivot Theory by Yu, 2007), or a suffix that migrates in to be after the first consonant (Urbanczyk, 2006).

Does reduplication need templatic affix?

Cases like this have been presented as evidence that reduplication need not be triggered by a templatic affix in the input. Copying segments occurs in order to satisfy overall shape requirements of the whole stem (Gafos, 1998), or by requirements on morpheme alignment alone (Hendricks, 1999, 2001). A key debate surrounding patterns like this relates to whether or not the repetition of segments is morphologically driven as part of the reduplication process or is phonological in nature. This is discussed further in section 5.4 “Repetition Mechanism.” What can be seen from the discussion in this section is that there is a connection between deriving shape properties and the nature of the repetition mechanism.

Overview

Typological description

Reduplicative babbling in child language acquisition

Examples

Reduplication is often described phonologically in one of two ways: either (1) as reduplicated segments (sequences of consonants/vowels) or (2) as reduplicated prosodic units (syllables or moras). In addition to phonological description, reduplication often needs to be described morphologically as a reduplication of linguistic constituents (i.e. words, stems, roots). As a result, reduplication is interesting theoretically as it involves the interface between phonology and morp…

See also

Notes

External links