Triangulation is a research design that combines both qualitative and quantitative methods to gather data for an overall interpretation that looks at a variety of different factors.
What is a convergent mixed method design?
What is a convergent mixed method design? In a convergent design (sometimes referred to as a concurrent design), the qualitative and quantitative data are collected and analyzed during a similar timeframe.
What is mixed method design?
Mixed methods research designs
- Convergent parallel. In a convergent parallel design, you collect quantitative and qualitative data at the same time and analyze them separately.
- Embedded. In an embedded design, you collect and analyze both types of data at the same time, but within a larger quantitative or qualitative design.
- Explanatory sequential. ...
- Exploratory sequential. ...
What are the disadvantages of mixed methods research?
- Lack of clear purpose and substantive focus
- Appropriate use of quantified coding from qualitative data
- Appropriate use of generalization to match research methods (Bazely, p. 9)
What is methodological triangulation?
Methodological triangulation: an approach to understanding data. Methodological triangulation can be used to enhance the analysis and the interpretation of findings. As data are drawn from multiple sources, it broadens the researcher's insight into the different issues underlying the phenomena being studied. Methodological triangulation can be used to enhance the analysis and the interpretation of findings.
What is triangulation in mixed methods?
Triangulation means mixing approaches to get two or three viewpoints upon the things being studied.
What is a triangulation design?
According to the Encyclopedia of Research Design: Definition: Triangulation is the practice of using multiple sources of data or multiple approaches to analyzing data, to enhance the credibility of a research study.
Is mixed method and triangulation is same?
Mixed method is the combination of quantitative and qualitative research approaches for application in a research study. On the other hand, triangulation is application of more than methods under either of the approaches. Mixed method is a type of multi-method study.
Why is triangulation beneficial in a mixed method study?
Background: Methodological triangulation involves using more than one kind of method to study a phenomenon. It has been found to be beneficial in providing confirmation of findings, more comprehensive data, increased validity and enhanced understanding of studied phenomena.
What are the 4 types of triangulation?
In 1978, Norman Denzin identified four basic types of triangulation: (1) data triangulation: the use of multiple data sources in a single study; (2) investigator triangulation: the use of multiple investigators/research- ers to study a particular phenomenon; (3) theory triangulation: the use of multiple perspectives to ...
What is the purpose of triangulation?
Triangulation is a technique to analyze results of the same study using different methods of data collection. It is used for three main purposes: to enhance validity, to create a more in-depth picture of a research problem, and to interrogate different ways of understanding a research problem.
What is an example of triangulation?
Examples. If a parent refuses to acknowledge their children's personality and individualism, and at the same time, siblings are treated very differently and discouraged from communicating with one another except through the parent, it's triangulation.
What are the steps of triangulation method?
Triangulation is a method for tessellation of domain....Three main steps of the algorithm are:Initialization,Triangulation,Finalization.
What are the advantages of triangulation?
Triangulation can help: Reduce research bias that comes from using a single method, theory, or investigator. Enhance validity by approaching the same topic with different tools. Establish credibility by giving you a complete picture of the research problem.
What can triangulation method determine?
Triangulation is a surveying method that measures the angles in a triangle formed by three survey control points. Using trigonometry and the measured length of just one side, the other distances in the triangle are calculated.
What is a triangulation in research?
Triangulation may be the use of multiple theories, data sources, methods or investigators within the study of a single phenomenon. 2 ,4 The technique was originally introduced into qualitative research in the 1950s as a means to avoid potential biases arising from the use of a single methodology.
Is triangulation or mixed method enhances accuracy and interpretation?
Scientific approach expresses and records your findings qualitatively. Triangulation or mixed method enhances accuracy and interpretation.
What is an example of triangulation?
Examples. If a parent refuses to acknowledge their children's personality and individualism, and at the same time, siblings are treated very differently and discouraged from communicating with one another except through the parent, it's triangulation.
What is triangulation in research examples?
Theory triangulation involves using multiple theoretical models to study a particular phenomenon or issue. For example, a researcher may use two different psychological theories to explain the same phenomenon, such as competitive and cooperative behavior in dogs.
What is triangulation in engineering?
Triangulation is a surveying method that measures the angles in a triangle formed by three survey control points. Using trigonometry and the measured length of just one side, the other distances in the triangle are calculated.
What is data triangulation give an example?
First, data triangulation involves using multiple sources of data in an investigation. In a research study examining hospital staff morale, for example, interviews with medical personnel might be compared and cross-checked with staff surveys and records of focus groups consisting of hospital employees.
What is triangulation in research?
Triangulation in research means using multiple datasets, methods, theories and/or investigators to address a research question. It’s a research st...
What are the types of triangulation?
There are four main types of triangulation : Data triangulation : Using data from different times, spaces, and people Investigator triangulation :...
What are the pros and cons of triangulation?
Triangulation can help: Reduce bias that comes from using a single method, theory, or investigator Enhance validity by approaching the same topic...
How to Use Triangulation in Your Dissertation?from thesisrush.com
These people must have used the same method for the triangulation, so it is a way to compare the result.
What Are The Main Types Of Triangulation In Qualitative Research?from thesisrush.com
An example of triangulation in qualitative research is the G data triangulation example. Other triangulation in research examples are;
Why is triangulation research important?from thesisrush.com
This method enriches research because it provides various data to explain or support a phenomenon of interest.
What is validity method?from thesisrush.com
In this method, validity is only established if the conclusion or findings from each method is the same.
What is investigator triangulation?from thesisrush.com
The investigator triangulation involves using several investigators, evaluators, observers, researchers, or data analysts in a study. After which, the findings of each are then compared to give a better understanding and view of each evaluator. If the findings are similar, then the confidence in such a study is increased.
What is the purpose of multiple hypotheses?from thesisrush.com
This involves using multiple hypotheses, theories, perspectives, and so on to examine a particular situation or explain a phenomenon. The goal of this method is to look at the situation or phenomenon through different lenses. This method is the most difficult and maybe a bit tricky because the different hypotheses or theories do not have to be similar or agree.
Can you have more than one method of data collection?from thesisrush.com
In the same vein, when you present the findings of your study in which you used only one method of data collection, the credibility of your findings may be questioned. But, if you have employed more than two methods to reach a similar conclusion, your findings will be easily accepted.
What are examples of triangulation?
Examples. If a parent refuses to acknowledge their children’s personality and individualism, and at the same time, siblings are treated very differently and discouraged from communicating with one another except through the parent, it’s triangulation.
What is triangulation in research example?
There are four common forms of triangulation: (1) data triangulation means that the ethnographer uses a variety of data sources for the study, for example, a range of different informants, (2) method triangulation means the use of multiple methods in the same project (Janesick, 1998), for example, interviews and …
What is triangulation in quantitative research?
Triangulation is often used to describe research. where two or more methods are used, known as mixed. methods. Combining both quantitative and qualitative. methods to answer a specific research question may.
What is the importance of triangulation in research?
2 Triangulation, by combining theories, methods or observers in a research study, can help ensure that fundamental biases arising from the use of a single method or a single observer are overcome.
What are the steps in conducting the triangulation method?
Triangulation is a method for tessellation of domain. … Three main steps of the algorithm are:
What are the 4 types of triangulation?
In 1978, Norman Denzin identified four basic types of triangulation: (1) data triangulation: the use of multiple data sources in a single study, (2) investigator triangulation: the use of multiple investigators/research- ers to study a particular phenomenon, (3) theory triangulation: the use of multiple perspectives to …
Is triangulation qualitative or quantitative?
The triangulation combines qualitative and quantitative methods and complements those results to a comprehensive picture of the phenomenon under study. The approach has been used in some health studies, but has only scarcely been applied in demographic research.
How does triangulation work?
Triangulation is a measurement technique often used by surveyors to locate an object in space by relying on two known points in order to “triangulate” on an unknown fixed point in that same space . Early on, social scientists borrowed the concept of triangulation to argue for its use in the validation process in assessing the veracity of social science research results. There are alternative perspectives on the use of triangulation that argue for its usefulness as a “dialectical” process whose goals seek a more in-depth nuanced understanding of research findings and clarifying disparate results by placing them in dialogue with one another.
What is the disjunctive conception of qualitative and quantitative methods?
The first is the disjunctive conception in which different roles are assigned to quantitative and qualitative methods. For example, the National Research Council ( Shavelson & Towne, 2002) took the position that qualitative methods are for discovery and quantitative methods are for testing causal relationships.
How does Torrance argue for mixed methods?
He notes that qualitative researchers recommend the use of member checks or respondent validation to ensure the accuracy of the data collected. Although this is a limited use of this strategy, Torrance contends that mixed methods would be strengthened by privileging the qualitative portion of the study and expanding the use of member checks and respondent valida tion as tools for triangulating quantitative and qualitative data.
Why do we need to mix qualitative and quantitative data?
Quantitative and qualitative data can be mixed for the purpose of illustrating a more complete understanding of the phenomenon being studied. However, Fielding warns about a potential weakness of mixing methods for the purpose of validity convergence, that is, to compare findings from different methods to see if they agree because interpretation of agreement or disagreement is not unproblematic. Fielding recommends that the quantitative and qualitative data be put into dialogue with each other, possibly through the use of review by groups that examine both sets of data and proffer improved interpretations and better community ownership. He then discusses how mixed methods analysis can be enhanced by combining data that are available from various technological sources, such as visual data available from geographical information systems, quantitative data bases on the incidence of disease in different parts of the world, and interview data from qualitative software. This raises the specter of a new role for researchers who can provide quantitative and qualitative data in a mixed format through technology in real time as a basis for researching in contexts, such as disaster areas, in which integration of such data can contribute to informed decision making.
What is triangulation in qualitative research?
Triangulation refers to the use of multiple methods or data sources in qualitative research to develop a comprehensive understanding of phenomena (Patton, 1999). Triangulation also has been viewed as a qualitative research strategy to test validity through the convergence of information from different sources. Denzin (1978) and Patton (1999) identified four types of triangulation: (a) method triangulation, (b) investigator triangulation, (c) theory triangulation, and (d) data source triangulation.
What is the purpose of triangulation?
involves different types of samples as well as methods of data collection. However, the purpose of triangulation is not necessarily to cross-validate. data but rather to capture different dimensions of the same phenomenon. What are the different types ...
What is the defining feature of classical triangulation?
The defining feature for classical triangulation is the comparison of the results from different methods, to assess the extent to which they agree. The analogy is to two separate lines converging at the point of a triangle. I thus refer to this kind of design as "convergence" in my own work, to avoid the confusions associated with triangulation as an overly broad term.
Why is triangulation important?
Hi, Triangulation has many advantages such as strengthen the validity of the result if the different methods of data collection lead to similar findings. Triangulation can be done through different methods such as Qualitative and Quantitative designs; and through different scales to measure the same concept..etc. then when the correlation is high between these methods, this will lead to robust valid result.
What is concurrent triangulation?
71 university students. A concurrent triangulation design is based on the use of qualitative and quantitative information gathered simultaneously in one stage. The data is broken down independently and afterward analysed or potentially joined. An example would be if a
Why is concurrent triangulation important?
In this study, the use of a concurrent triangulation design enabled the collection of surveys throughout the academic year while continuing to collect data from students participating in yarning groups. This was especially useful for two reasons. Firstly, engaging students to participate in the yarning group allowed yarning data collection to occur during the survey. Secondly, it provided the opportunity to collect data at peak times during the academic year. The concurrent triangulation design was chosen to allow collection of data concurrently, and for equal priority given to ensuring that participants collected fulsome information.
What is a mixed approach design?
Tashakkori and Teddlie (2009) believe that a mixed-approach design uses the strengths of both methodologies to provide a broader perspective on the overall research topic. The principal limitation of this method relates to the use of multiple methods and approaches and an understanding of how to mix them appropriately (Teddlie & Tashakkori, 2009). Within this study, the data were analysed separately and are presented in the epidemiological study and yarning group study sections.
What is the notation system for mixed methods?
The notation system consists of symbols such as pluses (+) to signify the methods which occur at the same time and arrows (→) to indicate methods occurring in sequence (Morse, 1991). Plano and Creswell built on the system to explain other complex research designs in diagrammatical formats. The primary method of inquiry in the diagrammatical format as a display is uppercase lettering and secondary method in lowercase (Plano Clark, Garrett, & Leslie- Pelecky, 2009). Geometrical shapes illustrate steps in the process of the design, and the use of parentheses indicates methods, embedded in the research methods (Plano Clark et al., 2009). The diagrammatic representation of both Creswell’s Mixed Method Concurrent Triangulation Design in Figure 3.1 and application of this design to the current research study in Figure 3.2 is presented.
What is mixed method research?
The term ‘mixed method research’ is defined by Tashakkori and Teddlie (2003) as a research methodology that involves collecting, analysing and
What is 70 mixed methods?
70 the mixed methods provide the researcher with more questions within the study which could not be answered separately (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2011). The balance of either
What is Creswell's mixed methods?
Creswell’s (2007) definition of mixed methods will be utilised for this research. Creswell defines the mixed methods inquiry to be the incorporation of a philosophical worldview, pragmatism, and the accommodating notion of both quantitative and qualitative methods as a methodology while highlighting the importance of method. The fundamental principle of this mixed methods research is using the combination of the datasets to provide a clearer
What is triangulation in research?from scribbr.com
Triangulation means using multiple methods to collect and analyze data on the same subject. By combining different types or sources of data, you can strengthen the validity of your findings.
What is mixed methodology?from sciencedirect.com
The term “mixed methods” is sometimes used by business researchers to describe mixed methodologies. As previously noted, some business researchers would dispute the potential for this to occur, due to the incommensurability of the ontological perspectives of some paradigms. Mixed methodologies generally occur in different phases of research design. Some research designs may include concurrent methodologies, a quantitative and a qualitative methodology to gather the data or empirical materials to illuminate business phenomena from different paradigmatic perspectives. Generally, mixed methods infer methods (data collection and sometimes analysis) within a research design that may be identified as either primarily positivistic or social constructionist, social constructivist, phenomenological, or interpretive in nature. The following examples are of mixed methods as mixed methodologies:
What Is Mixed Methods Research?from myassignmenthelp.com
The origins of the Mixed-Methods research design lie in the limitations and the ever-existing conflicts between the two primary research paradigms.
Why is it so difficult to compare qualitative and quantitative data?from scribbr.com
Due to the fact that quantitative and qualitative data take two vastly different forms, it can also be difficult to find ways to systematically compare the results.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of mixed methods?from sciencedirect.com
The advantages and disadvantages of mixed-method designs stem from the properties and limitations of particular quantitative or qualitative approaches. Trade-offs must be weighed. For example, well-executed sampling techniques focusing on persons, treatments, time points, and settings would give researchers several ways to increase generalizability and ecological validity of findings. On the other hand, qualitative tools will facilitate a more detailed study of context, changing processes, with attention to particular and unique cases. Causal inferences would be best made with experimental designs, scaffolded with descriptive and qualitative methods. However, when experiments are impossible to mount, observational designs can also be effectively combined with other methods to permit some degree of causal inferences. With multilevel interventions, analytic models accounting for nested-ness of data and longitudinal change designs would allow for better testing of sustained effects.
What is the process of combining qualitative and quantitative data to make a conclusion more credible?from scribbr.com
If the qualitative and quantitative data converge, this strengthens the validity of your conclusions. This process is called triangulation.
Why is triangulating results better?from myassignmenthelp.com
It also offers a broad scope for a better understanding of research problems and the phenomena under investigation. Triangulating one set of results with another helps in better inferences than just a single set of assumptions obtained from a single approach.
What is mixed method design?
The mixed methods sequential explanatory design consists of two distinctphases: quantitative followed by qualitative (Creswell, Plano Clark, et al.,2003). In this design, a researcher first collects and analyzes the quantita-tive (numeric) data. The qualitative (text) data are collected and analyzedsecond in the sequence and help explain, or elaborate on, the quantitativeresults obtained in the first phase. The second, qualitative, phase builds onthe first, quantitative, phase, and the two phases are connected in the inter-mediate stage in the study. The rationale for this approach is that the quan-titative data and their subsequent analysis provide a general understandingof the research problem. The qualitative data and their analysis refine andexplain those statistical results by exploring participants’ views in more depth(Rossman & Wilson, 1985; Tashakkori & Teddlie, 1998; Creswell, 2003).
What are the four types of mixed methods?
The four major types of mixed methods designs are the Triangulation Design,the Embedded Design, the Explanatory Design, and the Exploratory Design. The following sections provide an overview of each of these designs: theiruse, procedures, common variants, and challenges.
What is embedded design?
The Embedded Design is a mixed methods design in which one data setprovides a supportive, secondary role in a study based primarily on the otherdata type (see Figure 4.2a) (Creswell, Plano Clark, et al., 2003). The premisesof this design are that a single data set is not sufficient, that different ques-tions need to be answered, and that each type of question requires differenttypes of data. Researchers use this design when they need to include quali-tative or quantitative data to answer a research question within a largelyquantitative or qualitative study. This design is particularly useful when aresearcher needs to embed a qualitative component within a quantitativedesign, as in the case of an experimental or correlational design. In the exper-imental example, the investigator includes qualitative data for several rea-sons, such as to develop a treatment, to examine the process of an interventionor the mechanisms that relate variables, or to follow up on the results of anexperiment.
What is research design?
Research designs are procedures for collecting, analyzing, interpreting,and reporting data in research studies. They represent different mod-els for doing research, and these models have distinct names andprocedures associated with them. Rigorous research designs are importantbecause they guide the methods decisions that researchers must make dur-ing their studies and set the logic by which they make interpretations at theend of studies. Once a researcher has selected a mixed methods approach fora study, the next step is to decide on the specific design that best addressesthe research problem. What designs are available, and how do researchersdecide which one is appropriate for their studies? Mixed methods researchersneed to be acquainted with the major types of mixed methods designs andthe common variants among these designs. Important considerations whenchoosing designs are knowing the intent, the procedures, and the strengthsand challenges associated with each design. Researchers also need to befamiliar with the timing, weighting, and mixing decisions that are made ineach of the different mixed methods designs.
