What is Verruca plana and what causes it?
(Definition/Background Information) Verruca Plana is a common benign skin infection that is caused by human papilloma virus (HPV). It is frequently seen in children or young adults The skin lesions appear as elevated skin with flat surface, commonly on the extremities and head and neck region.
What is Verruca plana (HPV-2)?
Verruca plana is usually related to the HPV-2, -3, or -10 genotype. It appears as flat, grayish-yellow, possibly hyperpigmented, and slightly elevated papules of a few millimeters in diameter, with a smooth surface; they are usually located on the face, shins, and dorsal area of the hands. Verruca plana is common in childhood.
What is a verruca and how to treat it?
A Verruca is a small flat wart on the sole of the foot. They are common in sport, especially in swimming and other sports where you have bare feet in communal, public areas. Here we explain the symptoms, causes, and treatment. A Verruca is also known as a plantar wart. It appears on the sole of the foot and varies in size.
What are verrucae plana (flat warts)?
Verrucae plana, or flat warts, are 2- to 5-mm flat-topped papules that are typically skin-colored, tan, or brown. They are distributed on the face, neck, and extremities.
How do you get Verruca Plana?
What causes verruca plana?
Why is it so hard to get rid of verruca plana?
How long does it take for a verruca plana to grow?
Why are flat warts called juvenile warts?
Can Verruca plana be spread by touching?
Can you use salicylic acid on verruca plana?
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What causes verruca plana?
Verruca plana, also called flat warts, are small pink or brown bumps which appear on the face or legs and are caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). The growths develop on the outer layer of the skin and although they are harmless, HPV itself is highly contagious.
How do I get rid of verruca plana?
Various therapies have been used including electrocautery, surgical excision, laser therapy,503 cryotherapy, double-freeze cryotherapy, duct tape with or without salicylic acid beneath this occlusive product, and other keratolytic agents. Over-the-counter salicylic acid is the most cost-effective treatment.
Is verruca plana curable?
Abstract. Verruca plana is a kind of benign proliferative skin disease that generally occurs in exposed parts, but the treatment of warts poses a therapeutic challenge for physicians, as there is no method, among numerous approaches, that has been proven effective for completely curing this disease.
What is a verruca and what causes it?
Warts and verrucas are caused by a virus. They can be spread to other people from contaminated surfaces or through close skin contact. You're more likely to spread a wart or verruca if your skin is wet or damaged. It can take months for a wart or verruca to appear after contact with the virus.
Are flat warts cancerous?
Flat warts are caused by HPV types 3, 10, 28, and 49. These strains are benign, unlike genital HPV, which can lead to cervical cancer in women.
Is verruca plana contagious?
The virus is not highly contagious but can cause an infection by entering through a small break in the skin. In the same way, warts can be spread to other places on your own body. The virus is rarely transferred by touching an object used by an infected person.
Can warts be cancerous?
Warts are common skin growths. They are not cancer. And they don't turn into cancer. They are caused by a virus called human papillomavirus (HPV).
What causes flat warts in adults?
Causes of flat warts The human papillomavirus (HPV) causes all types of warts. It has more than 100 different strains, and strains 3, 10, 28, and 49 can cause flat warts. These strains are benign, while other strains of HPV, such as those that affect the genitals, may increase the risk of developing cervical cancer.
How do you get rid of flat warts naturally?
To treat a wart, soak it for 10 to 15 minutes (you can do this in the shower or bath), file away the dead warty skin with an emery board or pumice stone, and apply the salicylic acid. Do this once or twice a day for 12 weeks.
What happens if a verruca is left untreated?
What happens if a verruca is left untreated? If left untreated verruca can go on their own but can alternatively get bigger or spread. Sadly they are unpredictable. If you notice it getting larger or spreading then contact your podiatrist to discuss treatment options.
Are verrucas harmful?
Warts and verrucas are usually harmless and go away by themselves without treatment. In children, about half go away within a year, and about two-thirds disappear within two years. It may take longer for warts and verrucas to clear up for adults – in some people it can take five to 10 years.
What happens if you don't treat a verruca?
A verruca nearly always disappear on its own because our body fights it off, so if it's not painful it's usually a good idea to leave it alone. Some may take longer to disappear than others and the older you are, the longer they are likely to stay. The average lifespan of a verruca is two years.
What is the fastest way to get rid of a verruca?
Cryotherapy is the process of freezing your verruca with liquid nitrogen, resulting in your verruca falling off instantly. It is always a smart decision to choose a podiatrist to perform cryotherapy. Verruca treatment can lead to scarring, and cryotherapy can be a little painful too.
How do you get rid of verrucas naturally?
The method usually recommended is as follows. Cover your wart or verruca with duct tape for six days. On the seventh day remove the tape, soak the wart in water and rub with an emery board or pumice stone to scrape off the dead skin. Keep the wart uncovered overnight and re-apply fresh duct tape the next day.
How do you get rid of deep root verrucas?
Treatments for verrucas include Silver Nitrate, Salicyclic Acid, Cryotherapy Program, Duct Tape, Laser and Dry Needling. If you have had problems getting rid of a verruca then it is wise to get it checked to make sure it is not a corn or a callous covering up a deeper problem.
Can I cut a verruca out?
Can a verruca be cut out? Yes, if your doctor decides that is the right treatment for you, the wart or verruca can be carefully cut out using a surgical scalpel.
What is the clinical feature of Verruca plana?
Verruca plana, usually related to the low-risk HPV-2, -3, or -10 genotypes, appears as flat, grayish-yellow, possibly hyperpigmented, and slightly elevated papules of a few millimeters in diameter, with a smooth surface. Lesions are usually located on the face, shins, and dorsal area of the hands.
Where do verrucae plana occur?
Verrucae plana are more common in children and young adults but can affect any age group. Verrucae plana usually occur on the face and dorsal hands but can also affect the trunk and lower extremities. Lesions are typically numerous and may number in the hundreds.
How long does it take for Verrucae Plana to resolve?
Most verrucae plana will resolve without treatment, usually over 2 to 3 years. EV often persists longer and also has the potential to eventuate into squamous cell carcinoma, on occasion.
What is the cause of flat warts?
Verrucae plana, also known as flat warts, are usually caused by HPV3. Because of differences in the clinical presentation and management, it is useful to discuss separately verrucae plana.
Where are Verruca Plana lesions located?
Lesions are usually located on the face, shins, and dorsal area of the hands. Verruca plana is common in childhood. In adult life, it can be found in women and men with HIV-related immunodeficiency.
How big is a wart virus?
Wart virus particles range from 45 to 55 nm in diameter. They are initially seen in the nucleus.
Does Verruca Plana have parakeratosis?
Verruca plana shares with verruca vulgaris the presence of acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, and koilocytic-appearing cells, but there is no parakeratosis or papillomatosis. Hypergranulosis is prominent throughout the lesion, and a basket weave–like appearance of hyperkeratotic material is considered to be characteristic (Fig. 20.39 ). Regressed lesions have apoptotic cells and foci of exocytosis in the epidermis and a lymphocytic infiltrate with extravasation of red blood cells in the upper dermis.
What is the verruca plana?
Microscopically, the verruca plana of the skin is characterized by a broad, verruciform acanthosis with a considerably thickened layer of keratin, primarily orthokeratin (Fig. 4.51B ). A prominent granular cell layer and a basket-weave pattern is seen in superficial epithelium, as are numerous vacuolated koilocytes. Electron microscopy will demonstrate viral particles in abundance within the nuclei of vacuolated cells, along with a marked cytoplasmic edema. Occasional cases have so much surface keratin that the surface verruciform projections become completely covered ( Fig. 4.51C and D ).
What is the clinical feature of Verruca plana?
Verruca plana, usually related to the low-risk HPV-2, -3, or -10 genotypes, appears as flat, grayish-yellow, possibly hyperpigmented, and slightly elevated papules of a few millimeters in diameter, with a smooth surface. Lesions are usually located on the face, shins, and dorsal area of the hands.
What is the role of papillomavirus in dermatopathology?
The only important virus in this group in dermatopathology is the human papillomavirus (HPV), which produces various types of warts on different parts of the skin. 441–445 The use of new techniques, such as DNA hybridization, has allowed the separation of over 120 antigenically distinct strains of HPV. 446,447 Further genotypes have been identified, but not fully characterized. 448 PCR is now used routinely for the typing of HPV. 347 In recent years attempts have been made to relate specific antigenic strains of HPV to particular clinicopathological groups of verrucae. 449,450 Some strains have oncogenic potential, and the theoretical mechanisms by which HPV may cause cancer have been reviewed, 451 as has the role of the various immune defense mechanisms to these oncogenic and other strains of HPV. 452,453 The following correlations have been recorded: HPV-1 – plantar warts, 454,455 but also common warts and anogenital warts; HPV-2 – common warts, but also plantar, 454 oral, 456 and anogenital lesions; HPV-3 – plane warts and epidermodysplasia verruciformis; HPV-3 (variant) – common warts; 457 HPV-4 – plantar and common warts; HPV-5 – epidermodysplasia, which in cases associated with this strain of HPV is usually complicated by carcinoma; HPV-6 – anogenital warts and also epidermodysplasia; HPV-7 – warts in meat and fish handlers; 458–462 HPV-8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 17, 19, 22, 24, and many others – epidermodysplasia; HPV-11 – anogenital lesions; 463 HPV-13 and 32 – focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck's disease); 464,465 HPV-57 – plantar epidermoid cysts and nail dystrophy, cutaneous verrucae; 466–468 HPV-60 – plantar warts and epidermal cysts, and papular and nodular lesions on the extremities; 469,470 HPV-63, 65, and 66 – plantar warts; 471 and HPV-75, 76, and 77 – common warts in immunosuppressed patients. 448 HPV-63 appears to have an eccrine-centered distribution in plantar skin. 471 There is now great interest in the role of HPV-16 and 18 in the etiology of uterine cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive carcinoma of the cervix. HPV-16 is also the strain most frequently implicated in the etiology of bowenoid papulosis, a disease which sometimes progresses to invasive carcinoma. HPV-16 has also been detected in anogenital warts, 472 and in a squamous cell carcinoma of the finger. 473 Various HPV strains may be present in immunosuppressed patients 474 and in skin tumors removed from them. 475–478 They may also be found in the skin tumors of immunocompetent individuals. 479 Individuals whose immunosuppression results from HIV infection have an increased prevalence of HPV infections, a more rapid progression of the disease, and a higher number of invasive carcinomas. 480 Recent studies have detected HPV strains usually associated with epidermodysplasia verruciformis in some of the malignant and premalignant skin lesions of renal transplant recipients. 481,482 This was not found in an earlier study. 483 Furthermore, HPV-5 has recently been found in psoriatic skin lesions, but it is not known if it has any etiological role (see below).
How to distinguish verruca plana from condyloma?
The oral verruca plana can be readily distinguished from verruca vulgaris, squamous papilloma, and condyloma by its broad base, relative flatness, and lack of elongated surface projections. Individual lesions of focal epithelial hyperplasia might be difficult to distinguish from verruca plana, but they seldom have such a white clinical discoloration and microscopically lack a thick layer of surface keratin and show short, rounded surface projections.
What is HPV variant 469?
Several other variants 469 have recently been described: 1. A nodular form with retention of the surface ridge pattern (‘ ridged wart’) associated with HPV-60; 526 this HPV type has also been associated with epidermal cysts on the soles, 527 as has HPV-57. 466 HPV-60-induced warts are often pigmented. 528,529. 2.
How long does it take for Verrucae Plana to resolve?
Most verrucae plana will resolve without treatment, usually over 2 to 3 years. EV often persists longer and also has the potential to eventuate into squamous cell carcinoma, on occasion.
What is a flat wart?
Verrucae plana (flat warts) occur primarily on the face, neck, arms, and legs. They are usually seen as smooth, flesh-colored to slightly pink or brown, flat-topped papules measuring 2–5 mm in diameter ( Figs 15.16, 15.27, 15.28 ). They vary from a few lesions to several hundred in any given individual.
What is the cause of Verruca Plana?
Verruca Plana is a common benign skin infection that is caused by human papilloma virus (HPV). It is frequently seen in children or young adults
What is the term for a flat wart?
Verruca Plana , also known as the Plane Wart or Flat Wart, typically affects individuals with poor immune system or atopic dermatitis. This infectious condition can spread through direct contact with infected individuals or through contaminated surfaces
Can Verruca Plana disappear on its own?
The prognosis of Verruca Plana is generally excellent with suitable treatment. Some are known to disappear spontaneously on their own
Can a verrucous carcinoma bleed?
The lesions can ulcerate and bleed, if irritated. It has been established that some longstanding cases even have the potential to develop into verrucous carcinomas
Is there a higher chance of longstanding Verruca Plana skin lesions developing into invasive verruc?
There is a higher chance of longstanding Verruca Plana skin lesions developing into invasive verrucous carcinoma
What Is Flat Wart
Verruca plana is a benign lesion of the skin caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) that presents as flat, raised, small bumps (neoplasms) on the skin that can occur in children and young adults.
What Is The Cause Of Flat Wart
The cause of the flat wart is very clear, is infected with human papillomavirus (HPV)。
What Symptom Does Flat Wart Have
The typical symptom of verruca plana is the appearance of small flat bumps the size of rice to soybeans on the skin, round or oval, smooth surface, normal skin color or light brown. The larger ones are often scattered into sheets, or several may be fused.
How To Check For Flat Warts
Verruca plana is generally diagnosed based on the history and clinical features of the rash without additional tests. If the diagnosis is difficult, biopsy procedures and pathological examinations can be performed, as well as viral DNA tests.
What Should Flat Wart Patient Notice In Life
Avoid scratching the verruca plana and normal skin, because the virus can be planted from the damaged skin after scratching, and new verruca can grow locally.
What causes verruca plana?
Causes of Verruca Plana. They are common growths caused by an infection of the surface (superficial) skin with the human papillomavirus (HPV), which thickens the top skin layer. Warts may spread in humans by person-to-person contact or, rarely, by touching an object used by an infected person.
How long does it take for a verruca plana to go away?
Verruca Plana is also known as flat warts. They are usually harmless and painless, and many go away on their own after months to years. They tend to stay small in size, but they can be numerous in quantity. They often spread to other places on the body by scratching or shaving.
How to tell if you have flat warts?
Signs and Symptoms. Flat warts are very slightly raised smooth skin-colored bumps ranging in size from 1 to 5 mm. Flat warts are usually numerous and may appear in a line because of reinfection within the same person (autoinoculation) from scratching or shaving.
How many lesions are there in flat warts?
Gradation of the warts: Infection with flat warts can be graded as follows: Mild: one or a few painless warts. Moderate: 10 - 100 painless lesions. Severe: more than 100 lesions that cause enough pain to limit normal life activities.
What are flat warts?
Flat warts are very slightly raised smooth skin-colored bumps ranging in size from 1 to 5 mm. Flat warts are usually numerous and may appear in a line because of reinfection within the same person (autoinoculation) from scratching or shaving.
Where are warts on the palms?
Patients of warts required in Anacardium often them warts on palms or soles. The warts are likely to be flat, in the palms and soles or near the fingers or toes. At the level of mind and emotions, the patient may have lack of self-confidence, indecisive and some form of weakness, called as neurasthenia.
Does homeopathy help Verruca Plana?
Homeopathy medicines have anti-viral efficacy and it woks very well for Verruca Plana. Homeopathy is strongly suggested for all cases of Verruca Plana.
What is a Verruca?
A Verruca is also known as a plantar wart. It appears on the sole of the foot and varies in size. They are not normally anything to worry about, although care should be taken as they are contagious.
What is the difference between a verruca and a corn?
A Verruca is different from a Corn in that when you press in from the sides they will be painful, whereas Corns are more painful with direct pressure applied into them.
How long does it take for a verruca to go away?
There is no real need to treat a verruca unless it is causing problems or is uncomfortable to walk on. Most will go away on their own within 2 years, although treatments may clear it sooner. These include salicylic acid creams which should be applied daily for several weeks.
How are verrucas passed?
Verrucas are passed on via direct skin to skin contact, or from the floors of swimming pools and showers. They can be passed to other areas of the body particularly the fingers. There is a higher risk of passing a verruca on if your skin is damaged or wet.
How to treat verruca burn?
Freezing treatments can be performed by a doctor or nurse to freeze burn the verruca away although several treatments may be required. Covering the area with strong adhesive tape such as duct tape has also been known as a treatment method.
Is verruca the same as warts?
They are the same as warts on any other body part and are caused by a virus, known as human papillomavirus (HPV). Warts and verrucas are very common and nothing to worry about, although should be treated as they are mildly contagious.
How do you get Verruca Plana?
Verruca plana is contagious and can be transmitted by person-to-person contact. Although it is rare they can be spread by touching an object that was touched by the infected person. They can also be transmitted to other parts of your body by shaving and scratching. They are not dangerous as they are benign growths and the biggest problem that people have with these types of warts is that they are embarrassed by them.
What causes verruca plana?
At this time there have been more than a hundred strains identified that can cause this type of wart but the main causes of verruca plana are from the human papillomavirus strains 3, 10, 49, and 28. In order for these viral particles to grow they locations must be moist and warm, which is why they grow on mucosal surfaces and your skin. After finding a suitable location they invade the outer layer of your skin and begin to grow, develop and proliferate.
Why is it so hard to get rid of verruca plana?
Because verruca plana grow in areas that are prone to re-infection and grow in multiples, they can be difficult to treat. To get rid of verruca plana the dermatologist will usually not suggest aggressive treatment to get rid of these warts because they are not dangerous and do not represent any reason to be concerned.
How long does it take for a verruca plana to grow?
Sometimes it can take up to twelve months for verruca plana to grow where they are a visible size so it is possible for you not to be aware that you have them. If you start to see warts on your forehead or face there are no particular symptoms that can indicate that they are verruca plana but there are some characteristics of this particular wart that may help you distinguish what type of warts you have. Some of these characteristics can include:
Why are flat warts called juvenile warts?
The reason that you see them more frequently in children and adolescents is that their immune systems are still developing and are not as effective at suppressing the virus that causes verruca plana. They get their name because the tops of these warts are flat and smoother to the touch than many other warts.
Can Verruca plana be spread by touching?
Verruca plana is contagious and can be transmitted by person-to-person contact. Although it is rare they can be spread by touching an object that was touched by the infected person.
Can you use salicylic acid on verruca plana?
The cream that they use should have salicylic acid listed as one of the ingredients. When using this cream you need to make sure that you do not get it on the skin surrounding the verruca plana because it can irritate the skin. You also need to make sure that you are using this treatment on a daily basis.