Where is Y on the periodic table?
yttrium (Y), chemical element, a rare-earth metal of Group 3 of the periodic table.
What is yttrium made up of?
Yttrium is a highly crystalline iron-gray, rare-earth metal. Yttrium is fairly stable in air, because it is proteced by the formation by the formation of a stable oxide film on its surface, but oxidizes readily when heated. It reacts with water decomposing it to release hydrogen gas, and it reacts with mineral acids.
Where can I find yttrium?
Yttrium can be found in most of the rare earth minerals, but has never been discovered in the Earth's crust as a freestanding element. Lunar rocks gathered during the Apollo moon missions contain yttrium. The human body also contains yttrium in tiny amounts, usually concentrated in the liver, kidneys, and bones.
What is yttrium used for in everyday life?
Yttrium can be used as an additive to strengthen metals, like aluminum and magnesium alloys. It's also used to help make microwave filters, high-temperature superconductors, oxygen sensors, white LED lights, and metal-cutting lasers. When added to camera lenses, the camera lenses become heat and shock resistant.
Is yttrium a rare earth element?
The non-lanthanide rare-earth elements, yttrium and scandium, are 29th and 44th, respectively, in their abundances. Lanthanum and the light lanthanides (cerium through europium) are more abundant than the heavy lanthanides (gadolinium through lutetium).
What is yttrium worth?
The yytrium oxide price was 2.94 U.S. dollars per kilogram in 2020.
How do you mine yttrium?
Sources. Yttrium is present in nearly all rare-earth minerals. It is obtained by mining the minerals bastnasite, fergusonite, monazite, samarskite and xenotime, which are mined in the USA, China, Australia, India and Brazil.
What are some fun facts about yttrium?
Yttrium:Yttrium: Yttrium is a soft silver-metallic element.Fun fact about Yttrium: Yttrium is named after the Swedish village of Ytterby, which has a nearby quarry containing quartz and feldspar, among other minerals.Chemical symbol: Y.Atomic number: 39.
What is an interesting fact about yttrium?
Yttrium (Y) has an atomic number of thirty-nine. This rare-earth element ignites easily in air, and has been found in rocks retrieved from the moon. Interesting Yttrium Facts: In 1794, Johann Gadolin isolated yttrium in the mineral ytterbite.
What is really magical about yttrium?
It was the "secret" element used in the production of the first high-temperature superconductor (yttrium barium copper oxide, or YBCO). Two of its compounds are used to make red-color phosphors for the picture tubes of color television sets, and others are used to produce infrared lasers.
What foods contain yttrium?
Yttrium can be found in a number of food items such as cucumber, italian sweet red pepper, turnip, and red beetroot, which makes yttrium a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Yttrium can be found primarily in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and saliva.
Can yttrium be recycled?
In economic terms, it is profitable to recycle yttrium if its market price is above 14€/kg, and above 9.54€/kg taking in consideration the external costs of mining. Therefore, in 2012 and 2013, recycling was profitable thanks to the high price of yttrium, while between 2014 and 2016 recycling was not cost effective.
How is yttrium produced?
Yttrium metal is produced by reducing yttrium fluoride with calcium metal.
How was yttrium created?
Elemental yttrium, in an impure form, was first isolated in 1828 by Friedrich Wöhler by passing chlorine gas over the gadolinite mineral to form anhydrous yttrium chloride (YCl3), which was in turn reduced to yttrium using potassium3.
Is yttrium a solid liquid or gas?
2007 Schools Wikipedia Selection. Related subjects: Chemical elementsGeneralPhasesolidDensity (near r.t.)4.472 g·cm−3Liquid density at m.p.4.24 g·cm−3Melting point1799 K (1526 ° C, 2779 ° F)39 more rows
What is the atomic number of Yttrium?
Yttrium is a chemical element with the symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and has often been classified as a " rare-earth element ". Yttrium is almost always found in combination with lanthanide elements in rare-earth minerals, and is never found in nature as ...
What is the mass number of Yttrium isotopes?
Yttrium isotopes with mass numbers at or above 90 decay primarily by electron emission (neutron → proton) to form zirconium (Z = 40) isotopes. Isotopes with mass numbers at or above 97 are also known to have minor decay paths of β − delayed neutron emission.
How to get yttrium from mixed oxides?
One method for obtaining pure yttrium from the mixed oxide ores is to dissolve the oxide in sulfuric acid and fractionate it by ion exchange chromatography. With the addition of oxalic acid, the yttrium oxalate precipitates. The oxalate is converted into the oxide by heating under oxygen.
How long does yttrium have a half life?
In the context of nuclear waste management, the most important isotopes of yttrium are 91 Y and 90 Y, with half-lives of 58.51 days and 64 hours, respectively. Though 90 Y has a short half-life, it exists in secular equilibrium with its long-lived parent isotope, strontium-90 ( 90 Sr) with a half-life of 29 years.
What is yttrium used for?
Yttrium is also used in the production of electrodes, electrolytes, electronic filters, lasers, superconductors, various medical applications, and tracing various materials to enhance their properties. Yttrium has no known biological role. Exposure to yttrium compounds can cause lung disease in humans.
How was Yttrium created?
Yttrium in the Solar System was created through stellar nucleosynthesis, mostly by the s-process (≈72%), but also by the r-process (≈28%). The r-process consists of rapid neutron capture by lighter elements during supernova explosions. The s-process is a slow neutron capture of lighter elements inside pulsating red giant stars.
Where is yttrium found?
Yttrium is found in most rare-earth minerals, it is found in some uranium ores , but is never found in the Earth's crust as a free element. About 31 ppm of the Earth's crust is yttrium, making it the 28th most abundant element, 400 times more common than silver.
Who created the periodic table?
The creator of the periodic table, Dmitri Mendeleev, in 1869 began collecting and sorting known properties of elements, like he was playing a game, while traveling by train.
Can periodic table games be used for grade?
The periodic table game available on this page is for entertainment purposes only, and should not be used to grade students on their knowledge of chemical elements.
Does the Modern Periodic Table Change? If So, How and Who Does That?
The periodic table as we know it today is managed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, or IUPAC (eye-you-pack).
What is the periodic table?
periodic table, in full periodic table of the elements, in chemistry, the organized array of all the chemical elements in order of increasing atomic number —i.e., the total number of protons in the atomic nucleus. When the chemical elements are thus arranged, there is a recurring pattern called the “periodic law” in their properties, ...
What is the atomic number of an element?
The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element . Hydrogen has 1 proton, and oganesson has ...
What elements are triads?
Döbereiner in 1817 showed that the combining weight, meaning atomic weight, of strontium lies midway between those of calcium and barium, and some years later he showed that other such “ triads ” exist (chlorine, bromine, and iodine [halogens] and lithium, sodium, and potassium [alkali metals]). J.-B.-A. Dumas, L. Gmelin, E. Lenssen, Max von Pettenkofer, and J.P. Cooke expanded Döbereiner’s suggestions between 1827 and 1858 by showing that similar relationships extended further than the triads of elements, fluorine being added to the halogens and magnesium to the alkaline-earth metals, while oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium were classed as one family and nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth as another family of elements.
Why do the elements in the periodic table have different orbits?
The arrangement of the elements in the periodic table comes from the electronic configuration of the elements. Because of the Pauli exclusion principle, no more than two electrons can fill the same orbital. The first row of the periodic table consists of just two elements, hydrogen and helium. As atoms have more electrons, they have more orbits available to fill, and thus the rows contain more elements farther down in the table.
How many protons does hydrogen have?
The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element. Hydrogen has 1 proton, and oganesson has 118.
What are the elements that are related to the first seven?
Newlands proposed classifying the elements in the order of increasing atomic weights, the elements being assigned ordinal numbers from unity upward and divided into seven groups having properties closely related to the first seven of the elements then known: hydrogen, lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen . This relationship was termed the law of octaves, by analogy with the seven intervals of the musical scale.
Who proposed the periodic law?
Then in 1869, as a result of an extensive correlation of the properties and the atomic weights of the elements, with special attention to valency (that is, the number of single bonds the element can form), Mendeleyev proposed the periodic law, by which “the elements arranged according to the magnitude of atomic weights show a periodic change of properties.” Lothar Meyer had independently reached a similar conclusion, published after the appearance of Mendeleyev ’s paper.
How many elements are in the periodic table?
The table below consists of 118 elements of the periodic table, sorted by atomic number, atomic weight, symbols, density, discovered year and the group.
Who created the modern periodic table?
The modern periodic table is based on the modern periodic law put forward by the English physicist Henry Moseley, which states that “the properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers”.
What is the atomic number of an element?
The atomic number of an element is equal to the total number of protons in the nucleus of the atoms of that element. The atomic number can provide insight into the electronic configuration of the element. For example, carbon has an electron configuration of [He] 2s 2 2p 2, since its atomic number is 6.
What is the number of protons in the nucleus called?
The number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number. The atomic number of each element is unique.
Why is the atomic number of each element unique?
While the atomic number always stays the same some elements have atoms with different atomic mass numbers. This is because some elements have a different number of neutrons in the nucleus.
How to find the mass of an element?
The number of protons and the number of neutrons shall determine the mass number of an element. Since the isotopes of an element have slightly different mass numbers, it calculates the atomic mass by obtaining the mean of the mass numbers for its isotopes.
How can periodic trends be observed?
Periodic trends in the properties of the elements can be observed down the groups and across the periods of the modern periodic table. Every chemical element has a specific atomic number, which provides insight into the number of protons present within its nucleus.
What is the electronegativity of oxygen?
The electronegativity of Oxygen is: χ = 3.44
How many protons and electrons are in hydrogen?
Hydrogen is a chemical element with atomic number 1 which means there are 1 protons and 1 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Hydrogen is H.
How many protons does oxygen have?
Oxygen is a chemical element with atomic number 8 which means there are 8 protons and 8 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Oxygen is O.
How are atoms determined?
The chemical properties of the atom are determined by the number of protons, in fact, by number and arrangement of electrons. The configuration of these electrons follows from the principles of quantum mechanics. The number of electrons in each element’s electron shells, particularly the outermost valence shell, is the primary factor in determining its chemical bonding behavior. In the periodic table, the elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number Z.
What is the atomic radius of oxygen?
The atomic radius of Oxygen atom is 66pm (covalent radius).
Why does a liquid have a higher potential energy than a solid?
This means energy must be supplied to a solid in order to melt it and energy is released from a liquid when it freezes, because the molecules in the liquid experience weaker intermolecular forces and so have a higher potential energy (a kind of bond-dissociation energy for intermolecular forces).
What is the electron configuration of oxygen?
Electron configuration of Oxygen is [He ] 2s2 2p4.
Overview
Characteristics
Yttrium is a soft, silver-metallic, lustrous and highly crystalline transition metal in group 3. As expected by periodic trends, it is less electronegative than its predecessor in the group, scandium, and less electronegative than the next member of period 5, zirconium; additionally, it is more electronegative than lanthanum, but less electronegative than lutetium due to the lanthanide contract…
History
In 1787, part-time chemist Carl Axel Arrhenius found a heavy black rock in an old quarry near the Swedish village of Ytterby (now part of the Stockholm Archipelago). Thinking it was an unknown mineral containing the newly discovered element tungsten, he named it ytterbite and sent samples to various chemists for analysis.
Occurrence
Yttrium is found in most rare-earth minerals, it is found in some uranium ores, but is never found in the Earth's crust as a free element. About 31 ppm of the Earth's crust is yttrium, making it the 28th most abundant element, 400 times more common than silver. Yttrium is found in soil in concentrations between 10 and 150 ppm (dry weight average of 23 ppm) and in sea water at 9 ppt. Lunar rock …
Applications
The red component of color television cathode ray tubes is typically emitted from an yttria (Y 2O 3) or yttrium oxide sulfide (Y 2O 2S) host lattice doped with europium (III) cation (Eu ) phosphors. The red color itself is emitted from the europium while the yttrium collects energy from the electron gun and passes it to the phosphor. Yttrium compounds can serve as host lattices for doping with dif…
Precautions
Yttrium currently has no known biological role, and it can be highly toxic to humans, animals and plants.
Water-soluble compounds of yttrium are considered mildly toxic, while its insoluble compounds are non-toxic. In experiments on animals, yttrium and its compounds caused lung and liver damage, though toxicity varies with different yttrium compounds. In rats, inhalation of yttrium citr…
Bibliography
• Daane, A. H. (1968). "Yttrium". In Hampel, Clifford A. (ed.). The Encyclopedia of the Chemical Elements. New York: Reinhold Book Corporation. pp. 810–821. LCCN 68029938. OCLC 449569.
• Emsley, John (2001). "Yttrium". Nature's Building Blocks: An A–Z Guide to the Elements. Oxford, England, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 495–498. ISBN 978-0-19-850340-8.
External links
• Yttrium by Paul C.W. Chu at acs.org
• Yttrium at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)
• "Yttrium" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
• Encyclopedia of Geochemistry - Yttrium