what is zeta potential in water treatment

What is the zeta potential of water?

Raw water particles are typically in a zeta potential range of -15mV to -25mV. A good floc can form in the Zeta potential range of -8mV to +3mV. Adding coagulants (which are positively charged) neutralizes the repulsive (negative) charge of the particles in the raw water and enables a strong floc to form.

What is the meaning of zeta potential?

Zeta potential is a physical property which is exhibited by any particle in suspension, macromolecule or material surface. It can be used to optimize the formulations of suspensions, emulsions and protein solutions, predict interactions with surfaces, and optimise the formation of films and coatings.

How zeta potential is beneficial in flocculation?

Zeta potential affects the size and density of flocs formed. Increases in density cause more rapid flocculation. Low zeta potentials reduce the electrostatic interactions between particles allowing the particles to approach closely and hence produce more compact flocs.

What does positive zeta potential mean?

The Zeta Potential gives an indication of the charge present on the particles surface. So if you obtained a positive value, this means that your particles are positive charged.

Why do we measure zeta potential?

The zeta potential (ZP) can be used to evaluate the charge stability of a disperse system, such as liposomes; it is used to quantify the magnitude of the electrical charge of the lipid bilayer. A measurement is taken by applying an electric charge across the sample in a folded capillary flow cell.

What is zeta potential formula?

The zeta potential (ζ [ = ] mV) of slurry particles is often used as a metric to gauge the particles' stability in the colloidal sense; it is the electric potential at the slipping plane relative to a point in the bulk medium (see Figure 12.15) and is not equal to the Stern potential or the surface potential as those ...

What are floc particles?

Floc is a small, loosely aggregated mass of flocculent material suspended in or precipitated from a liquid. It consists of finely divided suspended particles in a larger, usually gelatinous particle, the result of physical attraction or adhesion to a coagulant compound.

What if zeta potential is negative?

The negative symbol in front of the zeta potential means that the net charge of the scattering object (including up to the slipping plane) is negative. Different materials have different isoelectric points, and it is very typical to see a negative charge above the isoelectric point IEP of the sample.

How does pH affect zeta potential?

pH is the most important parameter for zeta potential. For example, if we added acid in nanofluid, pH will decrease, which will increase positive charges on the particle surface. Zeta potential will increase. The point at which zero electrophoretic mobility occurs is called an isoelectric point [34].

How do I increase my zeta potential?

Higher zeta potential values, either positive or negative, are necessary to ensure stability, and avoid aggregation of particles. Zeta potential can be altered by varying the stabilizer concentration, or by surface modification with cationic agents.

What is zeta potential class 12th Chemistry?

Hint: Zeta potential is also known as Electrokinetic. It is used to define or explain the process of preferential adsorption of ions from solution in the electrical charge on colloidal particles. There are two layers: the fixed layer and the diffused layer.

What is the meaning of negative zeta potential?

Zeta potential is often used as an indicator of the droplet stability, where values more positive than +30 mV and more negative than −30 mV indicate good stability against coalescence (Kadu et al., 2011). Zeta potential is estimated by measuring electrophoretic mobility of the droplets.

What is a good zeta potential for nanoparticles?

Nanoparticles with a zeta potential between -10 and +10 mV are considered approximately neutral, while nanoparticles with zeta potentials of greater than +30 mV or less than -30 mV are considered strongly cationic and strongly anionic, respectively.