What kind of houses did the Shoshone tribe live in? The Eastern and Northern Shoshones
Northern Shoshone
Northern Shoshone are Shoshone of the Snake River Plain of southern Idaho and the northeast of the Great Basin where Idaho, Wyoming and Utah meet. They are culturally affiliated with the Bannock people and are in the Great Basin classification of Indigenous People.
What are Shoshone houses made of?
Several tribes on the Plains referred to the Shoshones as the "Grass House People," and this name probably refers to the conically shaped houses made of native grasses (sosoni') used by the Great Basin Indians.
How did the Shoshone people live?
They lived on both the east and the west sides of the Rocky Mountains. The people who lived west of the Rocky Mountains lived in roofless grass huts and hunted fish, birds, and rabbits. The Indians that lived east and up north of the Rocky Mountains lived in tepees and hunted buffalo.
What environment did the Shoshone live in?
The Shoshone lived in the valleys and mountains of Utah, Nevada, Montana and Idaho. They lived in the desert regions of western north.
What are three facts about the Shoshone tribe?
The Wind River (or Eastern) Shoshone lived in what is now Wyoming. The Comanche were part of the Wind River Shoshone before they split off and moved to what is now Texas. The Western Shoshone ate mostly roots, nuts, seeds, fish, and small animals. Some Western Shoshone built huts covered with brush or bark mats.
What traditions did the Shoshone have?
There are three main traditions of the Shoshone Indians; the Vision Quest, the Power of the Shaman, and the Sun Dance. There is a great deal of focus put into the supernatural world. The Shoshone Indians believe that supernatural powers are acquired through vision quests and dreams.
What were Shoshone teepees made of?
The tepee was generally made by stretching a cover sewn of dressed buffalo skins over a framework of wooden poles; in some cases reed mats, canvas, sheets of bark, or other materials were used for the covering. Women were responsible for tepee construction and maintenance.
What plants did Shoshone use?
They dug up roots, camas bulbs, and wild onions. Greens and the sugar content of various honey plants enlivened the diet. Thistles and some kinds of sunflowers served as the only source of seeds. The seasonality of foodstuffs ruled the annual congregating, movement, and dispersal of the various Shoshone groups.
How did the Shoshone tribe dress?
"Traditional" Shoshone clothing changed with the seasons, ranging from a simple a breechcloth held on by a belt fastened around the waist for the men and aprons for the women to rabbit fur pants and jackets, and larger animal hides used as capes and coverings.
What is the Shoshone tribe most known for?
The Eastern Shoshone are known for their Plains horse culture. They acquired the horse in 1700 and it completely changed their lifestyles. They became proficient hunters thus they became fierce warriors.
What did the Shoshone call themselves?
NeweShoshones call themselves Newe, meaning "People". Meriwether Lewis recorded the tribe as the "Sosonees or snake Indians" in 1805.
What did the Shoshone do for fun?
Gambling or betting was often involved with many of the games played by the Northwestern Shoshone. Stakes were often large: as buffalo robes, hides, blankets, or even horses. Northwestern Shoshone children also had their games as all children do.
How do you say hello in Shoshone?
In Shoshone's language, behne is a way to greet people and say hello in a friendly way.
How did the Shoshone adapt to their environment?
The Shoshone adapted well to their new surroundings. The Northern and Eastern groups, for example, adopted a nomadic lifestyle, hunting and gathering where resources were plentiful. Soon they began to hunt buffalo, a task made easier after they acquired horses late in the seventeenth century.
How did the Shoshone tribe dress?
"Traditional" Shoshone clothing changed with the seasons, ranging from a simple a breechcloth held on by a belt fastened around the waist for the men and aprons for the women to rabbit fur pants and jackets, and larger animal hides used as capes and coverings.
What did the Shoshone tribe use for clothing?
The Shoshone made their clothes from natural fibers. The men wore shirts from buckskin and the women wore deerskin dresses that were long with wide sleeves. Often their clothes were decorated with beads and porcupine quills and they wore moccasins as shoes.
What were the huts called that the Shoshone tribes built?
The Shoshone tribes who were less reliant on hunting, however, preferred to build more stable homes, and huts called 'wigwams' (also known as 'wickiups') were used as more permanent dwellings.
Why were Shoshone bands more nomadic?
In the north and the east of this area, Shoshone bands tended to be more nomadic, because they relied on buffaloes for food.
Where did the Shoshone live?
Some of the mobile Shoshone tribes lived in tipis, whilst others lived in more permanent structures.
What was the significance of the Pinyon Harvest?
The Pinyon Harvest was a time of religious ceremonies, and the people regarded the pinyon-gathering areas as sacred. But the Shoshone apparently approached all of their relationships with the land spiritually. Animals killed were often treated ritually, with their heads placed to the east or their organs set out in the brush or trees; the dead animals were addressed with special respect. Plants were harvested with prayers and offering. When digging a root, for instance, a Shoshone might leave a small stone or bead in the hole.
What did the Northwestern Band do?
The Northwestern Band moved between these two groups–after all, the Shoshones were all close relatives–and used the resources of both areas. They fished Bear Lake and the Bear, Weber, and Snake rivers, using spears, gill nets, and basket traps. They snared or shot waterfowl, grouse, coots, and owls, and they snared small animals like wood rats, muskrats, and squirrels. To cook these, they singed the fur off then roasted the animals whole or stuffed.
Why was Sagebrush important to the Shoshone?
It was crucially important to the Shoshone to maintain a harmonious relationship between the natural and human worlds. Prayers of petition and thanks, then, were part of everyday life. These attitudes still persist among many.
How did Native Americans survive?
Each group of Native Americans survived by adapting to the resources of its own area. Consider the group now called the Northwestern Band of Shoshone Nation. Earlier, they called themselves kammitakka, “jackrabbit-eaters,” and lived in northern Utah and southern Idaho. They lived in small and fluid family groups, hunting and gathering scarce resources throughout the spring, summer and fall. During the winter, the small groups gathered together into larger camps in areas that provided cover, timber, and food sources to supplement the foodstuffs they had gathered and stored. Often they wintered near hot springs at Battle Creek near Franklin, Idaho or at Promontory Point or Crystal Springs in Utah, erecting brush or tipi homes.
Where did the band gather pinyon nuts?
Of all the plant foods, pinyon nuts were the most important. The band usually went to Grouse Creek, in northwestern Utah, to gather the nuts in the fall. After they harvested the green cones, they would roast the cones to release the seeds. They would then parch the shells to make them brittle, crack them with a metate, and winnow the nuts with a fan tray. The parched nuts could be eaten whole or ground to make a warm or cold mush.
Did the Shoshones own land?
In the past, there was no ownership of land among the Shoshonean people; all Shoshones had a right to its resources and all had a stake in keeping well. But the end of this way of life, with its seasonal migrations and small-group cooperation, began when Mormon settlers moved onto the traditional Northwestern Shoshone lands. Also, emigrants hunting and grazing their livestock along the Oregon Trail decimated food sources and polluted streams.
Overview
Reservations and Indian colonies
• Battle Mountain Reservation, Lander County, Nevada. Current reservation population is 165 and total tribal enrollment is 516.
• Big Pine Reservation, central Owens Valley, Inyo County, California; Owens Valley Paiute Shoshone
• Bishop Community of the Bishop Colony, northern Owens Valley, Inyo County, California;
Etymology
The name "Shoshone" comes from Sosoni, a Shoshone word for high-growing grasses. Some neighboring tribes call the Shoshone "Grass House People," based on their traditional homes made from sosoni. Shoshones call themselves Newe, meaning "People".
Meriwether Lewis recorded the tribe as the "Sosonees or snake Indians" in 1805.
Language
The Shoshoni language is spoken by approximately 1,000 people today. It belongs to the Central Numic branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family. Speakers are scattered from central Nevada to central Wyoming.
The largest numbers of Shoshoni speakers live on the federally recognized Duck Valley Indian Reservation, located on the border of Nevada and Idaho; and Goshute Reservation in Utah. Idah…
History
The Shoshone are a Native American tribe, who originated in the western Great Basin and spread north and east into present-day Idaho and Wyoming. By 1500, some Eastern Shoshone had crossed the Rocky Mountains into the Great Plains. After 1750, warfare and pressure from the Blackfoot, Crow, Lakota, Cheyenne, and Arapaho pushed Eastern Shoshone south and westward. Some of them …
Historical population
In 1845 the estimated population of Northern and Western Shoshone was 4,500, much reduced after they had suffered infectious disease epidemics and warfare. The completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad in 1869 was followed by European-American immigrants arriving in unprecedented numbers in the territory.
In 1937 the Bureau of Indian Affairs counted 3,650 Northern Shoshone and 1,201 Western Shosh…
Bands
Shoshone people are divided into traditional bands based both on their homelands and primary food sources. These include:
• Eastern Shoshone people:
Guchundeka', Kuccuntikka, Buffalo Eaters Tukkutikka, Tukudeka, Mountain Sheep Eaters, joined the Northern Shoshone Boho'inee', Pohoini, Pohogwe, S…
Notable people
• Sacagawea (1788–1812), Lemhi Shoshone guide of the Lewis and Clark Expedition
• Jean Baptiste Charbonneau (1805–1866) son of Sacagawea, explorer, guide, military scout
• Cameahwait, chief in the early 19th century