Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese Nationalist Taiwan, officially the Republic of China, is a state in East Asia. Neighbouring states include the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the north-east, and the Philippines to the south. The island of Taiwan has an area of 35,808 square kilometres, with mountain ranges dominating th…Taiwan
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Who was the nationalist leader of China?
In 1945, the leaders of the Nationalist and Communist parties, Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong, met for a series of talks on the formation of a post-war government. Both agreed on the importance of democracy, a unified military, and equality for all Chinese political parties.
What is the meaning of Chiang Kai-Shek?
Chiang Kai-shek. [ (chang, jyahng keye-shek) ] A Chinese general and political leader of the twentieth century. He was president of China until he was overthrown in 1949 by Chinese communist forces under Mao Zedong, who established the People's Republic of China.
What party did Chiang Kai-Shek belong to?
KuomintangChiang Kai-shek / PartyThe Kuomintang, also referred to as the Guomindang or the Chinese Nationalist Party, is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially on the Chinese mainland and in Taiwan after 1949. Wikipedia
How do you say Chiang Kai-shek?
0:531:07How to Pronounce "Chiang Kai-Shek" - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipShang-chi check Chiang Kai.MoreShang-chi check Chiang Kai.
How do you pronounce Chiang?
0:030:35How to Pronounce Chiang - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipSo make sure to stay tuned to the channel if you enjoy learning about correct pronunciations changMoreSo make sure to stay tuned to the channel if you enjoy learning about correct pronunciations chang tang is how it is usually said no chiang.
Who led the Communist Party in China?
Mao ZedongZhou EnlaiChen DuxiuZhou FohaiZhang GuotaoLi DazhaoChinese Communist Party/Founders
What did the Chinese Communist Party believe?
Chinese Communist PartyCommunist Party of China 中国共产党 Zhōngguó GòngchǎndǎngIdeologySocialism with Chinese characteristics Communism Marxism–Leninism Mao Zedong Thought Deng Xiaoping Theory Three Represents Scientific Outlook on Development Xi Jinping Thought Socialist patriotism Chinese nationalism29 more rows
What is a Nationalist government?
Nationalism holds that each nation should govern itself, free from outside interference (self-determination), that a nation is a natural and ideal basis for a polity, and that the nation is the only rightful source of political power.
What was Chiang Kai Shek's career?
Chiang Kai-Shek: Internal and External Conflict in China. Chiang Kai-Shek: Civil War and Government in Exile. Chinese military and political leader Chiang Kai-shek joined the Chinese Nationalist Party (known as the Kuomintang, or KMT) in 1918.
Who was Chiang Kai Shek's second wife?
Chiang Kai-shek's second wife, Soong Mei-ling, became a significant political figure in her own right. In addition to her address of Congress in 1943, the Wellesley-educated "Madame Chiang" wrote many articles on China for the American press. With Sun’s support, Chiang founded a military academy at Whampoa, near Canton, in 1924.
What was Chiang's main concern in the Sian incident?
Chiang initially focused on the communist threat rather than confront Japan directly, a choice that angered many of his supporters. In the Sian (Xian) Incident of December 1936, one of his generals seized Chiang and held him captive for two weeks until he agreed to ally with Mao Zedong’s Communist forces against Japan.
How long did China fight Japan?
China fought Japan on its own for more than four years, until the Allies (with the exception of the Soviet Union) declared war on Japan in 1941. For its efforts, China earned inclusion among the Big Four powers, and Chiang’s international reputation skyrocketed.
Who is Chiang Kai-shek?
Chiang Kai-shek, Wade-Giles romanization Chiang Chieh-shih, official name Chiang Chung-cheng, (born October 31, 1887, Fenghua, Zhejiang province, China—died April 5, 1975, Taipei, Taiwan), soldier and statesman, head of the Nationalist government in China from 1928 to 1949 and subsequently head of the Chinese Nationalist government in ...
When did Chiang Kai-shek break with the communists?
Moscow supported him until 1927, when, in a bloody coup of his own, he finally broke with the communists, expelling them from the Nationalist Party and suppressing the labour unions they had organized. Chiang Kai-shek, c. 1924. Meanwhile, Chiang had gone far toward reunifying the country.
When did Chiang visit the Soviet Union?
Subscribe Now. Shortly after Sun Yat-sen had begun to reorganize the Nationalist Party along Soviet lines, Chiang visited the Soviet Union in 1923 to study Soviet institutions, especially the Red Army.
Who was the strongest communist leader after Sun died?
The Chinese communists quickly gained strength, especially after Sun’s death in 1925, and tensions developed between them and the more conservative elements among the Nationalists. Chiang, who, with the Whampoa army behind him, was the strongest of Sun’s heirs, met this threat with consummate shrewdness.
Who was the leader of the revolutionary army in 1924?
Chiang Kai-shek. Chiang Kai-shek, c. 1924. General Photographic Agency/Hulton Archive/Getty Images. Meanwhile, Chiang had gone far toward reunifying the country. Commander in chief of the revolutionary army since 1925, he had launched a massive Nationalist campaign against the northern warlords in the following year.
Where was Chiang Kai Shek born?
Chiang Kai-shek was born on October 31, 1887, in Xikou, a town now in the Zhejiang province of the People’s Republic of China, to a well-off family of merchants and farmers. In 1906, at age 19, he began his preparations for a military career at the Paoting Military Academy in North China, later serving in the Japanese army from 1909 to 1911, where he adopted the Spartan ideals of the Japanese Samurai warriors. In Tokyo, Chiang fell in with a group of young revolutionaries plotting to overthrow China’s Qing dynasty ruled over by the Manchu clan .
How did Chiang Kai die?
Months after suffering a heart attack and pneumonia, Chiang died of cardiac malfunction and renal failure on April 5, 1975, in Taipei at the age of 87. While he was mourned for over a month on Taiwan, Communist state-run newspapers in mainland China briefly noted his death with the simple headline “Chiang Kai-shek Has Died.”
Why was Chiang held hostage?
In December 1936, Chiang was seized by two of his own generals and held hostage in China’s Xi'an Province in an attempt to force the KMT to change its policies regarding Japan.
Why did Sun Yat Sen send Chiang to the Soviet Union?
Attempting to reorganize the KMT along communist lines, Sun Yat-sen sent Chiang to the Soviet Union in 1923 to study the policies and tactics of its Red Army. After returning to China, he was appointed as commandant of Whampoa Military Academy near Canton.
Who was the leader of the KMT when Sun Yat Sen died?
When Sun Yat-sen died in 1925, Chiang inherited leadership of the KMT and began trying to stem the rapidly growing influence of the Chinese communists within the party without losing the support of the Soviet government and military. He succeeded until 1927, when in a violent coup, he expelled the communists from the KMT and quashed the Chinese labor unions they had created. Hoping his communist purge would please U.S. President Calvin Coolidge, Chiang succeeded in establishing closer relations between China and the U.S. government.
When did the communists take control of China?
In 1946, the civil war resumed and by 1949 , the communists had taken control of continental China and established the People’s Republic of China. 1943-Cairo, Egypt: President Roosevelt seated outside during the Cairo Conference with Mr. and Mrs. Chiang Kai Shek, and Winston Churchill.
Who was the leader of the KMT government in Taiwan?
From 1949 until his death in 1975, the exiled Chiang continued to lead the KMT government in Taiwan, recognized by the United Nations as the legitimate government of China.
Who is Chiang Kai Shek?
11 July 2019. Add to Plan. A former political and military leader of the Republic of China, Chiang Kai-shek is a divisive figure. Loved by some as the figurehead of Chinese resistance against Japan in World War II, condemned by others as a military dictator who ruled with an iron fist, Chiang’s life was certainly complex ...
What political party was Chiang Kai-shek a member of?
He was a founding member of the KMT Party. The KMT (Kuomintang) was the political party that was born of the ashes the Revolutionary Alliance (Tongmenghui) and ruled in mainland China from 1927-48. Chiang Kai-shek, along with Sun Yat-sen, initially founded the party in 1912 and again in 1919 after it had dissolved in 1913.
How long did the Chinese leader stay in the Imperial Army?
Strange as it may seem, the one-time leader of the Chinese Republic spent two years in the Imperial Army from 1909-11. He actually moved to Japan in 1907 to attend a preparatory school in Tokyo. It was here that the idea was born to overthrow the Qing Empire, and when the Wuchang Uprising took place in 1911, he returned to join the revolutionary forces.
Who is the founder of Taiwan?
Many supporters of the KMT revere Chiang Kai-shek as one of the founding fathers of Taiwan. They believe that his close ties with the Americans and his other diplomatic moves in the world of international politics paved the way for Taiwan to become an economic power.
Who was responsible for the damage to the Japanese?
Chiang’s efforts against the Japanese gained him some influential friends. And although the Communist General Mao was responsible for much of the damage inflicted upon the Japanese, it was Chiang who got the credit mainly from Britain and the US.
What did Sun Yat Sen do after his death?
After Sun Yat-sen’s death and prior to the civil war, he expelled Communists from the party and led a successful campaign against local warlords, giving him control of the three major cities of Canton, Nanjing, and Beijing. The removal of Communists from within the ranks allowed him free reign to give himself what amounted to dictatorial power over much of China.
What was Chiang Kai Shek's power?
His power was almost absolute . Chiang Kai-shek was unable to stop the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931, and in 1937, he was forced to work with the Chinese Communists when Japan invaded China. This agreement eventually broke down, and Chiang fought both Mao and the Japanese.
Who was the President of Taiwan until 1975?
Became President of Taiwan until his death in 1975. " Chiang Kai-shek joined the military at an early age. He went to Japan in 1907 and studied at the Military Staff College. While there, he met and became protege of Doctor Sun Yat-sen. He also attended military training in Moscow.
Who was the leader of the Nationalists during the Second World War?
When the Second World War ended, Chiang Kai-shek led the Nationalist Government in a civil war against the Communists led by Mao Tse-tung. The Nationalists were forced from China to Taiwan, where Chiang Kai-shek became President. He died in 1975.
What did Chiang want in a commander?
In addition to Lend‐Lease control, Chiang wanted effective authority over the general in the matter of strategy and tactics. In attempting to reach an understanding with Chiang through the wily T.V. Soong, the general remarked that what Chiang wanted in a commander was “an over‐all stooge.”
What were Chiang's weaknesses?
But the weaknesses of the social system were such that his regime was quickly enmeshed in corruption and guile. Despite Chiang's personal probity, he could not contain the rapaciousness of others, with the result that his policies were sapped from the start.
What conditions did Chiang interpose?
At the same time, Chiang interposed conditions, among them control of millions in American Lend‐Lease supplies lest any arms get into the hands of the Communists, whose efficient troops General Stilwell wanted to use against the Japanese. The Communists, Mrs. Tuchman wrote, were willing to fight under the general, but not under Chiang.
What was the 7th Fleet assigned to?
The United States assigned its Seventh Fleet to the Strait of Taiwan and began to bolster Chiang as a counterweight to Communism in Asia. Political, economic and military assistance was poured into Taiwan. In May, 1951, an American mission began to equip and train a new Nationalist army, which eventually totaled 600,000 men and ate up the bulk of the island's budget. Moreover, in 1954, the United States and the Chinese regime concluded a mutual defense treaty.
What happened to the Chinese in 1937?
The Japanese, perturbed at the prospect of a unified China, struck south from Peking in 1937–38. The ferocity of the onslaught, while it held the united front together for a time, drove Chinese troops out of key coastal cities and obliged the Government to shift its capital from Nanking to the smaller interior city of Chungking. However, when the Japanese armies stalled and the war entered a seven‐year period of attrition, the Chiang‐Communist alliance disintegrated under the impact of mutual suspicions and political intrigue.
When did Chiang return to the military?
By 1921–22 Chiang returned to military‐political life as chief of staff of Dr. Sun's Canton‐based regime. Rickety and in constant clash with warlords and with the shadowy official government in Peking, this, regime fortuitously sought and received military and political help from the newly established Soviet Union.
Who was the warlord who rebelled against the Communists?
Alarmed by the possibility that the Japanese would strike southward, the northern warlords rebelled in 1936. In theory up to then these warlords, principally Marshal Chang Hsueh‐Liang, were battling the Communists in Shensi; but, in fact, agitation for a united front against the Japanese was so effective that little blood was being shed. Chiang arrived in Sian, Marshal Chiang's capital in December, 1936, to investigate, and was promptly arrested on Chang's orders. The generalissimo, attempting to flee in his nightgown, was easily captured.
Who was the man who lost China?
Perhaps best known as “the man who lost China” much of the tone of Chiang’s detractors suggests he had countless advantages which he inevitably bungled to lose China and then was forced to flee to Taiwan to live out the rest of his days in ignominy. A more objective analysis suggests Chiang Kai-Shek had too many enemies to fight and too many problems to tackle. Chinese warlords constantly challenged his authority and progress, Japan attacked his regime on and off for nearly a decade then attempted to conquer China outright, and Mao’s small but disciplined communists provided the only real, viable alternative vision for the Chinese Nation.
Who was the leader of China in 1927-1949?
That would not look good on a resume. This was the fate of Chiang Kai-Shek (nicknamed the Generalissimo), the Nationalist Leader of China from 1927-1949 who lost the Chinese Civil War to Mao’s communists. History doesn’t tend to look kindly on losers and even today Chiang is often regarded with less favour than Chairman Mao who may have killed more ...
Why was Manchuria a tempting prize?
Manchuria was a tempting prize due its significant industrial base (still the most extensive in China even after the Russians had dismantled and stolen much of it after 1945) and it would have been difficult not to fight for it for domestic reasons, but with hindsight, it would have been the right decision.
What was the largest military campaign in the interwar period?
Chiang’s Northern Expedition to unite China has been described as the largest military campaign in the interwar period. There was of course the first (1927-1936) and second (1946-1949) parts of the Chinese Civil War.
How many Chinese were killed in the Jinan incident?
During the Jinan Incident in 1928 the Japanese inflicted approximately 6000 Chinese casualties versus suffering 200 of their own. In the initial fighting in Mukden in September 1931, which led to the annexation of Manchuria, Japan killed 500 Chinese while losing 2 soldiers.
What did the Chinese say about the rape of Nanking?
The old Chinese proverb “don’t waste good iron for nails or good men for soldiers” was hardly destined to be a wise philosophy against Japan’s samurai culture/hyper militarism that would result in the Rape of Nanking, millions of deaths and nearly 100,000,000 war refugees during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Was Stalin's policy towards China cynical?
Other countries were hardly more accommodating. To say Stalin’s policy towards China was cynical would be an understatement. The Soviet Union backed Chiang’s nationalists in the early 1920s (planning to betray them), then switched support to the CCP during the Nanking decade, later provided weapons to Chiang during the first part of the Second Sino-Japanese War to keep Japan from eyeing Siberia, cut off this crucial support in early 1941 after signing a non-aggression pact with Japan, and hedged its bets after World War Two by signing a peace treaty with Chiang while also providing support for the CCP. As seen above, American hypocrisy towards Chiang was rife and when they finally started providing a good flow of weapons and material to his regime AFTER World War 2 they soon discontinued it in the subsequent last phase of the Chinese Civil War, abandoning their erstwhile ally to his fate as it did so later in Vietnam.