How did the Treaty of Versailles deal with Germany's territorial losses?
Parts II and III of the Treaty of Versailles dealt with Germany's territorial losses as a result of the First World War.
Where was the Treaty of Versailles signed?
Treaty of Versailles, peace document signed at the end of World War I by the Allied and associated powers and by Germany in the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles, France, on June 28, 1919; it took force on January 10, 1920. Versailles, Treaty of Overview of the Treaty of Versailles.Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz.
What was the most important part of the Treaty of Versailles?
Of the many provisions in the treaty, one of the most important and controversial required "Germany [to] accept the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage" during the war (the other members of the Central Powers signed treaties containing similar articles).
Who was involved in the Treaty of Versailles?
The chief people responsible for the Treaty of Versailles were U.S. Pres. Woodrow Wilson, French Premier Georges Clemenceau, and British Prime Minister David Lloyd George. Italian Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando was a delegate but was shut out from the decision making.
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How much land did Germany lose in the Treaty of Versailles?
In sum, Germany forfeited 13 percent of its European territory (more than 27,000 square miles) and one-tenth of its population (between 6.5 and 7 million people).
What did Germany want from the Treaty of Versailles?
Ultimately, the Treaty of Versailles (1919) required Germany to accept responsibility for World War I and imposed reparations. It also called for the establishment of the League of Nations, as Wilson had envisioned.
What did each country get from the Treaty of Versailles?
What were the main provisions of the Treaty of Versailles? The Treaty of Versailles gave Germany new boundaries. Alsace-Lorraine was given to France and Eupen-Malmédy to Belgium. Territory in eastern Germany was awarded to a reconstituted Poland.
What territories did Germany lose due to the Treaty of Versailles quizlet?
In total Germany lost 26,000 square miles of land, mostly to France and Poland. This included Alsace Lorraine and the Saar Coalfields. An allied army would be based in Germany for the next 15 years.
What were the 3 main points of the Treaty of Versailles?
Introduction. The Treaty of Versailles was signed by Germany and the Allied Nations on June 28, 1919, formally ending World War One. The terms of the treaty required that Germany pay financial reparations, disarm, lose territory, and give up all of its overseas colonies.
Why did Germany object to the Treaty of Versailles?
The terms of the Treaty were very damaging to Germany: territory was taken from Germany - depriving it of valuable industrial and agricultural income. Article 231, the War Guilt Clause blamed Germany and her allies for starting the war – this led to feelings of humiliation and anger.
What did the big 4 want from the Treaty of Versailles?
The Big Four Lloyd George and Clemenceau both wanted to blame Germany for the war, and they wanted to create a peace that ensured Germany's inability to ever wage war again. Wilson also needed to convince the United States to go along with his plans. Neither of these tasks proved to be easy.
Which 3 countries signed the Treaty of Versailles?
The Treaty of Versailles outlined the conditions of peace between Germany and the victorious Allies, led by the United States, France, and the United Kingdom.
How many countries were at the Treaty of Versailles?
32 different countriesThe Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28, 1919, by 66 representatives from 32 different countries. The countries were split into three parties, which were led by the Principal Allied and Associated Powers of Britain, France, Italy, Japan and the United States.
What other territories did Germany lose?
After the First World War, Germany lost about 10% of its territory to its neighbours and the Weimar Republic was formed. This republic included territories to the east of today's German borders....6.1 Poland.6.2 Alsace-Lorraine.6.3 Eupen and Malmedy.6.4 Luxembourg.6.5 Parts of Yugoslavia.6.6 South Tyrol.6.7 Recognition.
What territories did Germany lose due to the Versailles Treaty Dbq?
1. What territories did Germany lose due to the Versailles Treaty? Polish Corridor, Alsace Lorraine, and a piece of Denmark 2. East Prussia remained a part of Germany.
What were the 5 main terms of the Treaty of Versailles quizlet?
5) Germany and Austria were forbidden from uniting. 6) Germany's army was limited to 100,000 men with no conscription.... Bulgaria lost land to Greece and Yugoslavia. Army was limited to 20,000 troops. limited to one weapon factory. no navy or air force. reparations of £100 million.
Why was the Treaty of Versailles hated by Germany?
The Treaty of Versailles was hated by Germany because she was stripped of 13% of her territory and 10 percent of the population; the border territories of Alsace and Lorraine were returned to France.
How did the Treaty of Versailles impact Germany economically?
Germany was economically devastated after a draining defeat in World War I. Due to the Versailles treaty, Germany was forced to pay incredibly sizeable reparations to France and Great Britain.
How did the Treaty of Versailles affect Germany quizlet?
How did the Treaty of Versailles affect Germany? Germany was forced to demilitarize the Rhineland, Germany was forced to pay reparations to the French and English, and Germany was forced to accept TOTAL guilt for the war.
What were three things that Germany was required to do as a result of the Treaty that ended World War I?
The treaty forced Germany to disarm, to make territorial concessions, and to pay reparations to the Allied powers in the staggering amount of $5 billion.
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
The Treaty of Versailles was the primary treaty produced by the Paris Peace Conference at the end of World War I. It was signed on June 28, 1919, b...
Who were the key people involved in drafting the Treaty of Versailles?
The chief people responsible for the Treaty of Versailles were U.S. Pres. Woodrow Wilson, French Premier Georges Clemenceau, and British Prime Mini...
What were the main provisions of the Treaty of Versailles?
The Treaty of Versailles gave Germany new boundaries. Alsace-Lorraine was given to France and Eupen-Malmédy to Belgium. Territory in eastern German...
What were the results of the Treaty of Versailles?
Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles under protest, and the United States did not ratify the treaty. France and Britain at first tried to enforc...
What was the Treaty of Versailles that Germany lost?
Germany lost World War I. In the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, the victorious powers (the United States, Great Britain, France, and other allied states) imposed punitive territorial, military, and economic provisions on defeated Germany. In the west, Germany returned Alsace-Lorraine to France. It had been seized by Germany more than 40 years earlier.
How much of Germany's territory was lost?
Outside Europe, Germany lost all its colonies. In sum, Germany forfeited 13 percent of its European territory (more than 27,000 square miles) and one-tenth of its population (between 6.5 and 7 million people).
Which country received parts of West Prussia and Silesia from Germany?
In the east, Poland received parts of West Prussia and Silesia from Germany. In addition, Czechoslovakia received the Hultschin district from Germany; the largely German city of Danzig became a free city under the protection of the League of Nations; and Memel, a small strip of territory in East Prussia along the Baltic Sea, ...
Which country returned Alsace Lorraine to France?
In the west, Germany returned Alsace-Lorraine to France. It had been seized by Germany more than 40 years earlier. Further, Belgium received Eupen and Malmedy; the industrial Saar region was placed under the administration of the League of Nations for 15 years; and Denmark received Northern Schleswig.
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
The Treaty of Versailles was the primary treaty produced by the Paris Peace Conference at the end of World War I. It was signed on June 28, 1919, by the Allied and associated powers and by Germany in the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles and went into effect on January 10, 1920. The treaty gave some German territories to neighbouring countries and placed other German territories under international supervision. In addition, Germany was stripped of its overseas colonies, its military capabilities were severely restricted, and it was required to pay war reparations to the Allied countries. The treaty also created the League of Nations.
What did Clemenceau want?
Clemenceau wanted to make sure that Germany would not be a threat to France in the future, and he was not persuaded by Wilson’s idealism. Lloyd George favoured creating a balance of powers but was adamant that Germany pay reparations.
What was the German treaty?
The treaty gave some German territories to neighbouring countries and placed other German territories under international supervision. In addition, Germany was stripped of its overseas colonies, its military capabilities were severely restricted, and it was required to pay war reparations to the Allied countries.
What was the demilitarized zone between Germany and France?
In addition, a demilitarized zone was created between Germany and France. Germany was required to accept responsibility for causing all the damage of the war that was “imposed upon [the Allies] by the aggression of Germany…” and to pay an unspecified amount of money in reparations.
How many men were in the German army?
The German army was restricted to 100,000 men; the general staff was eliminated; the manufacture of armoured cars, tanks, submarines, airplanes, and poison gas was forbidden; and only a small number of specified factories could make weapons or munitions.
How long did the League of Nations last?
The League of Nations lasted for 26 years and had some initial successes but failed to advance a more general disarmament or to avert international aggression and war. It did, however, lay the groundwork for the subsequent founding of the United Nations.
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How did the Treaty of Versailles affect Europe?
The Treaty of Versailles radically altered the Geography of Europe. The Treaty had clauses that resulted in areas of land being taken from Germany. The following maps illustrate the scale of these losses:
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
The Treaty of Versailles blamed Germany for the First World War. As a result of this Germany was also held accountable for the cost of the war and the Treaty dictated that compensation would have to be paid to the Allies. These payments, called reparations, would be paid monthly and would total some £6,600 million ...
How many colonies did Germany lose?
In total, Germany lost over one million square miles of land and 6 million subjects.
What were the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles?
The provisions were intended to make the Reichswehr incapable of offensive action and to encourage international disarmament. Germany was to demobilize sufficient soldiers by 31 March 1920 to leave an army of no more than 100,000 men in a maximum of seven infantry and three cavalry divisions. The treaty laid down the organisation of the divisions and support units, and the General Staff was to be dissolved. Military schools for officer training were limited to three, one school per arm, and conscription was abolished. Private soldiers and non-commissioned officers were to be retained for at least twelve years and officers for a minimum of 25 years, with former officers being forbidden to attend military exercises. To prevent Germany from building up a large cadre of trained men, the number of men allowed to leave early was limited.
What was the war in 1919?
In June 1919, the Allies declared that war would resume if the German government did not sign the treaty they had agreed to among themselves. The government headed by Philipp Scheidemann was unable to agree on a common position, and Scheidemann himself resigned rather than agree to sign the treaty. Gustav Bauer, the head of the new government, sent a telegram stating his intention to sign the treaty if certain articles were withdrawn, including Articles 227, 230 and 231. In response, the Allies issued an ultimatum stating that Germany would have to accept the treaty or face an invasion of Allied forces across the Rhine within 24 hours. On 23 June, Bauer capitulated and sent a second telegram with a confirmation that a German delegation would arrive shortly to sign the treaty. On 28 June 1919, the fifth anniversary of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (the immediate impetus for the war), the peace treaty was signed. The treaty had clauses ranging from war crimes, the prohibition on the merging of the Republic of German Austria with Germany without the consent of the League of Nations, freedom of navigation on major European rivers, to the returning of a Koran to the king of Hedjaz.
What did Vittorio Emanuele Orlando do?
Vittorio Emanuele Orlando and his foreign minister Sidney Sonnino, an Anglican of British origins, worked primarily to secure the partition of the Habsburg Empire and their attitude towards Germany was not as hostile. Generally speaking, Sonnino was in line with the British position while Orlando favored a compromise between Clemenceau and Wilson. Within the negotiations for the Treaty of Versailles, Orlando obtained certain results such as the permanent membership of Italy in the security council of the League of Nations and a promised transfer of British Jubaland and French Aozou strip to the Italian colonies of Somalia and Libya respectively. Italian nationalists, however, saw the War as a mutilated victory for what they considered to be little territorial gains achieved in the other treaties directly impacting Italy's borders. Orlando was ultimately forced to abandon the conference and resign. Orlando refused to see World War I as a mutilated victory, replying at nationalists calling for a greater expansion that "Italy today is a great state....on par with the great historic and contemporary states. This is, for me, our main and principal expansion." Francesco Saverio Nitti took Orlando's place in signing the treaty of Versailles.
What was the name of the war that ended the war between Russia and Germany?
After the Central Powers launched Operation Faustschlag on the Eastern Front, the new Soviet Government of Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany on 3 March 1918. This treaty ended the war between Russia and the Central powers and annexed 3,400,000 square kilometres (1,300,000 square miles) of territory and 62 million people. This loss resulted in the loss of one third of the Russian population, around one third of the country's arable land, three-quarters of its coal and iron, one third of its factories (totalling 54 percent of the nation's industrial capacity), and one quarter of its railroads.
How long did Germany have to occupy the Rhineland?
To ensure compliance, the Rhineland and bridgeheads east of the Rhine were to be occupied by Allied troops for fifteen years. If Germany had not committed aggression, a staged withdrawal would take place; after five years, the Cologne bridgehead and the territory north of a line along the Ruhr would be evacuated. After ten years, the bridgehead at Coblenz and the territories to the north would be evacuated and after fifteen years remaining Allied forces would be withdrawn. If Germany reneged on the treaty obligations, the bridgeheads would be reoccupied immediately.
What happened at Versailles?
Newsreel footage of the signing of the peace treaty at Versailles. War broke out unexpectedly following the July Crisis in 1914. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, followed quickly by the entry of most European powers into the First World War.
How much did Germany pay for the Treaty of Versailles?
In the interim, the treaty required Germany to pay an equivalent of 20 billion gold marks ($5 billion) in gold, commodities, ships, securities or other forms.
What were the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles?
Other key provisions of the Treaty of Versailles called for the demilitarization and occupation of the Rhineland, limited Germany’s army and navy, forbade it to maintain an air force, and required it to conduct war crimes trials against Kaiser Wilhelm II and other leaders for their aggression.
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
The Treaty of Versailles, signed in June 1919 at the Palace of Versailles in Paris at the end of World War I, codified peace terms between the victorious Allies and Germany. The Treaty of Versailles held Germany responsible for starting the war and imposed harsh penalties in terms of loss of territory, massive reparations payments ...
Why did Lloyd George seek reparations from Germany?
He sought heavy reparations from Germany as a way of limiting German economic recovery after the war and minimizing this possibility. Lloyd George, on the other hand, saw the rebuilding of Germany as a priority in order to reestablish the nation as a strong trading partner for Great Britain.
What caused Hitler to rise?
Economic distress and resentment of the treaty within Germany helped fuel the ultra-nationalist sentiment that led to the rise of Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party, as well as the coming of a World War II just two decades later.
What was the result of the Prussian victory in the war?
Prussian victory in that conflict had resulted in Germany’s unification and its seizure of Alsace and Lorraine provinces from France. In 1919, France and its prime minister, Georges Clemenceau, had not forgotten the humiliating loss, and intended to avenge it in the new peace agreement.
What was Wilson's vision for the world?
In addition to specific territorial settlements based on an Entente victory, Wilson’s so-called Fourteen Points emphasized the need for national self-determination for Europe’s different ethnic populations. Wilson also proposed the founding of a “general association of nations” that would mediate international disputes and foster cooperation between different nations in the hopes of preventing war on such a large scale in the future. This organization eventually became known as the League of Nations.
What did the European Allies do to Germany?
In the end, the European Allies imposed harsh peace terms on Germany, forcing the nation to surrender around 10 percent of its territory and all of its overseas possessions.
How did the Treaty of Versailles affect Germany?
The Treaty of Versailles reduced Germany's territory in Europe by approximately 13 percent, and stripped Germany of all its overseas territories and colonies. If a map of these territories is transposed on to a modern map of the world, we can see that these territories are situated in 28 modern countries. In Europe, all of this land was given ...
What was Germany's largest territory?
Germany's largest Pacific territory was German New Guinea, which also administered all nearby Pacific colonies, apart from German Samoa. Following the Treaty of Versailles, all of these territories then passed into French, British or British Commonwealth control.
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
Treaty of Versailles: livestock reparations from Germany to France and Belgium. Treaty of Versailles: coal reparations from Germany to Belgium, France and Italy. Further related statistics. Influenza mortality rate by US state during the Spanish Flu pandemic 1915-1919. Increase in hourly wages in the US during the Spanish Flu Pandemic 1900-1928.
What is the third region of Africa?
The third region was German South West Africa, also known as Tanganyika, which was completely situated in what is Namibia today.
What were the German colonies?
Germany's African colonies were administered in three zones, the largest of which was German West Africa (approximately 2.7 million square kilometers), which was mostly situated in modern Cameroon and Ghana, but also included parts of modern Nigeria, Togo and the Central African Republic. After this was German East Africa (also known as Tanganyika) which primarily makes up Burundi, Rwanda and Tanzania today, and also included parts of Chad, Kenya and Mozambique. The third region was German South West Africa, also known as Tanganyika, which was completely situated in what is Namibia today. Although it is difficult to know the exact parameters of Germany's African territories, it is estimated that German Africa was at least 4.5 million square kilometers (modern Germany is just over 357,000 square kilometers).
Which country had three separate territories in the Asia Pacific region?
As with Africa, Germany had three separately administered territories in the Asia-Pacific region, however these territories were much smaller and spread out than the African colonies. Germany's Chinese territories were located in the Shandong Province, and their controversial transfer to Japan caused a ripple effect that was not resolved until 1922. Germany 's largest Pacific territory was German New Guinea, which also administered all nearby Pacific colonies, apart from German Samoa. Following the Treaty of Versailles, all of these territories then passed into French, British or British Commonwealth control.
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What was the Treaty of Versailles?
Get in touch with us now. , Feb 21, 2020. Parts II and III of the Treaty of Versailles dealt with Germany's territorial losses as a result of the First World War. In mainland Europe, Germany's borders shrank, reducing the country's size by approximately 65,000 square kilometers, and roughly 7 million people ...
Which treaty stripped Germany of all overseas possessions?
Part IV of the Treaty of Versailles stripped Germany of all overseas possessions, and distributed them primarily between Britain and France as League of Nations mandates (along with all former Ottoman territories).
How many rivers were made international in Germany?
In addition to changing borders, five of Germany's major rivers were made international, and were regulated by international committees, of which German representatives never made a majority.
What was Poland's route to the sea?
Poland was given a "route to the sea" that separated Eastern Prussia from the rest of Germany, and this "route" also included Danzig (Gdańsk), which was made a "free city" under the League of Nations' administration.
How many countries did Germany secede from?
Loss of territory in Europe. In Europe, Germany seceded territory to seven countries in total, including Czechoslovakia, Lithuania and Poland, none of which existed as independent states before the First World War. Poland was given a "route to the sea" that separated Eastern Prussia from the rest of Germany, and this "route" also included Danzig ...
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Who took over Alsace-Lorraine?
The area of Alsace-Lorraine was annexed by France, who Germany had taken it from in 1870, and the coal-rich area of the Saar (Saarland) was under a French-led League of Nations control. Smaller areas were also ceded to other neighboring nations, which meant that millions of ethnic Germans became minorities overnight.
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What was Germany forced to surrender?
Under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, signed on June 28 1919, Germany was forced to surrender much of its territory. One of these was the province of Alsace-Lorraine, which had been annexed by the German Empire in 1871, and which the Germans were forced to return to France. In addition, Germany also lost parts of West Prussia and Silesia when these were granted to Poland. Thirdly, Germany also lost the Hultschin District which was given to Czechoslovakia. (See the reference link provided).
How much of Germany's territory was forfeited by the Treaty of Versailles?
In total, historians have estimated that Germany forfeited 13 percent of its European territory (amounting to 27,000 square miles) as a result of the Treaty of Versailles. This affected approximately 6.5 to 7 million people, around one-tenth of the German population. (See the second reference link provided).
What happened to Germany in 1919?
Under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, signed on June 28 1919, Germany was forced to surrender much of its territory. One of these was the province of Alsace-Lorraine , which had been annexed by the German Empire in 1871, and which the Germans were forced to return to...
Overview
Treaty content and signing
In June 1919, the Allies declared that war would resume if the German government did not sign the treaty they had agreed to among themselves. The government headed by Philipp Scheidemann was unable to agree on a common position, and Scheidemann himself resigned rather than agree to sign the treaty. Gustav Bauer, the head of the new government, sent a telegram stating his int…
Background
War broke out unexpectedly following the July Crisis in 1914. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, followed quickly by the entry of most European powers into the First World War. Two alliances faced off, the Central Powers (led by Germany) and the Triple Entente (led by Britain, France and Russia). Other countries entered as fighting raged widely across Europe, as well as the Middle East, Africa and Asia. In 1917, the new Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic under V…
Negotiations
Talks between the Allies to establish a common negotiating position started on 18 January 1919, in the Salle de l'Horloge at the French Foreign Ministry on the Quai d'Orsay in Paris. Initially, 70 delegates from 27 nations participated in the negotiations. Russia was excluded due to their signing of a separate peace (the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk) and early withdrawal from the war. Furthermore, Germ…
Reactions
The delegates of the Commonwealth and British Government had mixed thoughts on the treaty, with some seeing the French policy as being greedy and vindictive. Lloyd George and his private secretary Philip Kerr believed in the treaty, although they also felt that the French would keep Europe in a constant state of turmoil by attempting to enforce the treaty. Delegate Harold Nicolson wrote …
Implementation
On 5 May 1921, the reparation Commission established the London Schedule of Payments and a final reparation sum of 132 billion gold marks to be demanded of all the Central Powers. This was the public assessment of what the Central Powers combined could pay, and was also a compromise between Belgian, British, and French demands and assessments. Furthermore, the Commission …
Violations
The German economy was so weak that only a small percentage of reparations was paid in hard currency. Nonetheless, even the payment of this small percentage of the original reparations (132 billion gold marks) still placed a significant burden on the German economy. Although the causes of the devastating post-war hyperinflation are complex and disputed, Germans blame…
Historical assessments
Historians are split on the impact of the treaty. Some saw it as a good solution in a difficult time, others saw it as a disastrous measure that would anger the Germans to seek revenge. The actual impact of the treaty is also disputed.
In his book The Economic Consequences of the Peace, John Maynard Keynes referred to the Treaty of Versailles as a "Carthaginian peace", a misguided attempt to destroy Germany on behalf of Fr…