There’s three possible fates for the universe, one is called the Big Crunch, where gravity takes over and begins to pull the cosmos back, compressing to one point. Another extreme is the Big Rip, where the expansion of the universe just gets faster until galaxies, stars, planets, atoms and space itself is ripped apart.
How is it proved that the universe is expanding?
The American astronomer Edwin Hubble made the observations in 1925 and was the first to prove that the universe is expanding. He proved that there is a direct relationship between the speeds of distant galaxies and their distances from Earth.
What is the beginning of life on Earth?
The timeline of life on earth begins over 4.5 billion years ago. In the beginning, survival was difficult for any life forms. The struggle started and soon after earth’s formation, organisms start appearing. It makes sense the first signs of life on planet earth are incredibly simple. The earliest fossil evidence of life on earth dates to 3.7 billion years ago.
What is the age limit for Miss Universe?
Miss Universe contestants must be between the ages of 18 and 27 as of Jan. 1 in the year of they compete. Wait to get married. Contestants may not be married or pregnant, have ever been married, had a marriage annulled or given birth to or parented a child.
Why is the universe flat and not spherical?
The shape of the universe depends on its density. If the density is more than the critical density, the universe is closed and curves like a sphere; if less, it will curve like a saddle. But if the actual density of the universe is equal to the critical density, as scientists think it is, then it will extend forever like a flat piece of paper.
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What are 3 possible fates of the universe?
Big Chill, Big Crunch or Big Rip — the future of the Universe depends on the properties of dark energy and whether or not it will be able to resist the attractive force of gravity.
What is the future of the universe?
Observations suggest that the expansion of the universe will continue forever. The prevailing theory is that the universe will cool as it expands, eventually becoming too cold to sustain life. For this reason, this future scenario once popularly called "Heat Death" is now known as the "Big Chill" or "Big Freeze".
Will the Big Rip happen?
In their paper, the authors consider a hypothetical example with w = −1.5, H0 = 70 km/s/Mpc, and Ωm = 0.3, in which case the Big Rip would happen approximately 22 billion years from the present. In this scenario, galaxies would first be separated from each other about 200 million years before the Big Rip.
What will happen when the universe ends?
As existing stars run out of fuel and cease to shine, the universe will slowly and inexorably grow darker. Eventually black holes will dominate the universe, which themselves will disappear over time as they emit Hawking radiation.
What is beyond the universe?
The trite answer is that both space and time were created at the big bang about 14 billion years ago, so there is nothing beyond the universe. However, much of the universe exists beyond the observable universe, which is maybe about 90 billion light years across.
What are the 2 possible futures for our universe?
There are two possible futures for our Universe, continual expansion (open and flat), or turn-around and collapse (closed). Note that flat is the specific case of expansion to ever slowly speeds aproaching zero velocity.
How long will there be life on Earth?
At the current rate of solar brightening—just over 1% every 100 million years—Earth would suffer this "runaway greenhouse" in 600 million to 700 million years. Earth will suffer some preliminary effects leading up to that, too.
What will be the long term future of our galaxy?
Sometime in the far distant future, about 4 billion years from now, our Milky Way galaxy will collide with the neighboring Andromeda galaxy, as illustrated in this artist's rendition.
What would happen if the density of the universe was less than the critical density?
Its density is supposedly one of the most telling. You see, if its density is found to be less than the critical density, then only a Big Freeze or a Big Rip would be possible. On the other hand, if it is greater ...
What is the Big Rip?
A more dramatic version of the Big Freeze is the Big Rip. In this scenario, the Universe’s rate of expansion will increase substantially so that everything in it, down to the smallest atom, will be ripped apart. In a cyclic or oscillatory model of the Universe, there will be no end … for matter and energy, that is.
What will happen after the Big Crunch?
The Big Crunch predicts that, after having expanded to its maximum size, the Universe will finally collapse into itself to form the greatest black hole ever.
Is the Big Bang a cosmological theory?
Ever since scientists proved the Big Bang to be the most plausible cosmological theory, and since it only focused more on how it might have all ...
Is the Big Bang a flat universe?
The measurements also exhibit the characteristics of a flat universe. Right now, it looks like all ga thered data indicate that a Big Crunch or a Big Bounce is highly unlikely to occur.
Is there an end to the universe?
In a cyclic or oscillatory model of the Universe, there will be no end … for matter and energy, that is. But for us and the Universe that we know of, there will definitely be a conclusion. In an oscillatory model, the Big Bang and Big Crunch form a pair known as the Big Bounce. Essentially, such a universe would simply expand and contract (or bounce) forever.
What would happen if there were more proton?
The Universe's expansion asymptotes to zero. Imagine the borderline situation right between the above two examples. If there were one more proton, we'd recollapse ; one fewer, and we'd expand forever. In this critical (or Goldilocks) case, the Universe expands forever, but at the slowest rate possible.
What happens to the universe when it expands forever?
Everything starts out the same as above, only this time, the amount of matter-and-energy is insufficient to counteract the expansion. The Universe keeps expanding forever, as the expansion rate keeps dropping but never reaches zero.
How much of the universe is unreachable?
This leads to an exponentially-expanding Universe, and will eventually push away everything that isn't part of our local group. Already, 97% of the visible Universe is unreachable under these conditions.
How long ago did the universe start?
And it all began some 13.8 billion years ago from a hot, dense, rapidly expanding state known as the Big Bang. That's the first moment in which we can describe our Universe as being full of matter-and-radiation, and stepping forward from that state given the known laws of physics enables us to explain how the cosmos took its modern shape. But it's all still expanding, forming new stars, and evolving. How will it end? Here's what science has to say.
What would happen if the universe was unbound?
Even worse, objects that are now gravitationally bound today — like galaxy clusters, individual galaxies, solar system, and even atoms — would all someday become unbound as dark energy strengthened . In the final moments of the Universe, subatomic particles and the fabric of space itself would get torn apart. This "Big Rip" fate is a second possibility.
What is dark energy?
1.) Dark energy is an expansion-dominating cosmological constant. This is the default option given the best data we have today. While matter becomes less dense as the Universe expands, diluting as the volume expands, dark energy represents a non-zero amount of energy inherent to the fabric of space itself.
How many light years does the Milky Way have?
The Milky Way itself is just one lonesome galaxy out of trillions present within the observable Universe, which extends in all directions for some 46 billion light-years.
How Has Our Understanding of the Universe Changed?
Instead, Einstein’s theory suggested that the universe may not have always existed in its present state but may have had a beginning and continued to evolve from this point. This meant that the universe could continue to change over time and may end in a different state from the state in which it began.
What was the idea of the universe in the 1980s?
These concepts were based on the idea that the universe was continually expanding outward and that this expansion was affected by matter’s gravitational pull. These included but are not limited to:
What does the Big Rip mean?
The Big Rip. The Big Rip, in contrast, supports the idea that the universe is ‘open’ or flat, and can expand infinitely in theory. However, the Big Rip suggests that this will not happen. Instead, the expansion will gradually lose momentum until it slows to a stop, at which point the universe will break apart.
What is the Big Crunch?
The Big Crunch is based on the idea that the dense, gravitational pull of matter within the universe will eventually cause the expansion to bounce back on itself. This is rooted in the notion that the universe is ‘closed’ and can only expand to a certain point.
What did Stephen Hawking discover about black holes?
Following on from this, in the 1970s physicist and cosmologist, Stephen Hawking, began to explore the idea that black holes produced radiation. This radiation affects their gravitational pull, thereby affecting the expansive potential of the universe.
When will the expansion of the universe happen?
Proponents of this theory believe this will happen within the next 3.7 billion years but cannot calculate when.
Is the fate of the universe hidden?
Of course, the ultimate fate of the universe is hidden from our understanding. Physics and cosmology take us ever closer to comprehending pieces of the puzzle. However, our knowledge is still highly limited, and the age and fate of the universe remain up for debate.
What is dark energy in astronomy?
In general, dark energy is a catch-all term for any hypothesized field with negative pressure, usually with a density that changes as the universe expands.
What did Einstein believe about the universe?
Einstein and his contemporaries believed in a static universe. When Einstein found that his general relativity equations could easily be solved in such a way as to allow the universe to be expanding at the present and contracting in the far future, he added to those equations what he called a cosmological constant — essentially a constant energy density, unaffected by any expansion or contraction — whose role was to offset the effect of gravity on the universe as a whole in such a way that the universe would remain static. However, after Hubble announced his conclusion that the universe was expanding, Einstein would write that his cosmological constant was "the greatest blunder of my life."
What is the geometry of the universe?
The geometry of the universe is, at least on a very large scale, elliptic . In a closed universe, gravity eventually stops the expansion of the universe, after which it starts to contract until all matter in the universe collapses to a point, a final singularity termed the " Big Crunch ", the opposite of the Big Bang.
How is the fate of the universe determined?
The fate of the universe is determined by its density. The preponderance of evidence to date, based on measurements of the rate of expansion and the mass density, favors a universe that will continue to expand indefinitely, resulting in the "Big Freeze" scenario below.
How does the universe's fate depend on its shape?
The current scientific consensus of most cosmologists is that the ultimate fate of the universe depends on its overall shape, how much dark energy it contains and on the equation of state which determines how the dark energy density responds to the expansion of the universe. Recent observations conclude, from 7.5 billion years after the Big Bang, that the expansion rate of the universe has likely been increasing, commensurate with the Open Universe theory. However, other recent measurements by Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe suggest that the universe is either flat or very close to flat.
What is the ultimate fate of the universe?
The ultimate fate of the universe is a topic in physical cosmology, whose theoretical restrictions allow possible scenarios for the evolution and ultimate fate of the universe to be described and evaluated.
Why does the expansion rate of the universe slow down?
With dark energy, the expansion rate of the universe initially slows down, due to the effects of gravity, but eventually increases, and the ultimate fate of the universe becomes the same as that of an open universe.
What would happen if the universe was closed?
In a closed universe there would be a lack of a repulsing effect from dark energy so gravity in turn would eventually stop the expansion of the universe and then the universe would start to contract until all matter collapses onto itself. This would end up back to the point of singularity or the “Big Crunch.”.
Why is the flat universe the same as the open universe?
In a flat universe it has the same outcome as an open universe due to the lack of dark energy and an infinite expanding universe. Of course there is also the multiverse theory in which there are multiple universes and there may not be an actual end to the universes as others keep popping up.
How long does it take for a star to form?
The Big Chill is similar where the temperature of the universe reaches absolute zero and it would take 1-100 trillion years for a star to form. In the end there would be nothing but black holes which would eventually disappear as well. The Big Rip is a special case scenario or a special case of phantom dark energy.
Why are there scientific theories that rival each other?
However, there are scientific theories that actually rival each other because it depends on whether the universe expands infinitely or not. Once the Big Bang theory came into play the question of the ultimate fate of the universe became a valid cosmological question. This all depends on the physical properties of the universe such as mass, energy, ...
What is the Big Rip?
The Big Rip is a special case scenario or a special case of phantom dark energy. This is where the density of dark energy increases with time causing the rate of acceleration to increase with time.
What are the physical properties of the universe?
This all depends on the physical properties of the universe such as mass, energy, average density, and the rate of expansion.
What is the relationship between the rate of expansion and the strength of gravity?
The rate of expansion depends on the Hubble constant (Ho) while the strength of gravity depends on the density and pressure of mass in the universe.
