what muscle group is active at the shoulder joint during the follow through phase of a baseball pitch

Full Answer

What muscles do you use to throw a baseball?

What Muscles Are Used in Throwing a Baseball? 1 Sturdy Shoulders. The deltoids, the primary muscles of the shoulder, allow your shoulder to rotate back during the windup and cocking phase, and forward when accelerating and throwing the ball. 2 Strong Arms. ... 3 Stable Back. ... 4 Balanced Core. ...

What muscles are used in the pitcher's arc of motion?

The deceleration and final stage of the pitchers arc of motion involves utilising the posterior shoulder muscles of the Teres minor, the biceps, the scapular muscles, the serratus anterior, rhomboids and the middle and posterior deltoids. These muscles all combine in the movement of resisting humeral distraction and decelerating the extremity.

What muscles stabilize the shoulder joint?

The rotator cuff muscles. These are four muscles that help the shoulder joint be stabilized. It consists of the supraspinatus muscle, the infraspinatus muscle, and the teres minor muscle. There is also the subscapularis muscle that forms the back wall of the axilla and inserts on a tuberosity of the humerus.

What is the muscle activity in the shoulder during a game?

Muscle activity in the shoulder is generally inactive, due to the subject lifting the lead leg in preparation to release the ball. This is the position of correct posture and balancing.

What muscle group is active at the shoulder joint during the delivery phase of a baseball pitch when the ball is accelerating toward the plate )?

Muscle activation Strong activity of serratus anterior and pectoralis major continues into acceleration as the shoulder moves into horizontal forward flexion and scapula protracts.

What muscles do you use to pitch a baseball?

The deceleration and final stage of the pitchers arc of motion involves utilising the posterior shoulder muscles of the Teres minor, the biceps, the scapular muscles, the serratus anterior, rhomboids and the middle and posterior deltoids.

What joints are used when throwing a baseball?

The joints you use to properly throw a baseball include those in your fingers and thumb, wrist (radius-ulna and carpals), elbows, shoulders, spine (vertebral arches and bodies), hips, knees (femur, tibia and patella), ankles (tibia-fibula and talus), and feet and toes.

What joint action does the shoulder do while throwing?

In the deceleration/ follow through phase very high forces pull forward on the glenohumeral joint following ball release, which places large stresses on posterior shoulder structures. The arm continues to extend at the elbow and internally rotate at the shoulder.

Which joint is in shoulder?

Four joints are present in the shoulder: the sternoclavicular (SC), acromioclavicular (AC), and scapulothoracic joints, and glenohumeral joint. The sternoclavicular joint is a synovial saddle joint and is the only joint that connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton.

What muscles are involved in throwing?

Lower Body and Core Muscles The core muscles of the abdominals and obliques are involved in the balance and weight transfer of the throwing motion. The large muscles of the legs and lower body, such as the calves, quadriceps, hamstrings and glutes, all help to drive and provide power as you step into the throw.

What muscle is Thrower muscle?

Answer: Shot putters use their strong quadriceps, hamstrings and gluteus maximus muscles to push off from the back of the circle and generate the initial thrust necessary to get the heavy metal shot moving across the circle.

What muscles make you throw a baseball faster?

Pitchers generate tons of power from their lower bodies, using their hips, glutes, quads and hamstrings to transfer force from the ground through their torsos and to their arms. Studies show that pitchers with stronger quads land with a stiffer stride leg, resulting in increased velocity.

What joints and muscles are used when throwing a dart?

Thus it was elucidated that throwers coordinate ankle, knee, hip, shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints in order to achieve a specific kinematics of finger position during dart throwing mo- tion.

Which rotator cuff muscle is a baseball pitcher most likely to tear?

Most tears in throwing athletes occur in the supraspinatus tendon. Rotator cuff tendon tears in throwers most often occur within the tendon. In some cases, the tendon can tear away from where it attaches to the humerus.

Which muscle is responsible for the movement of the front part of the shoulder?

Pectoralis major muscle. This muscle helps provide support and movement of the front part of the shoulder. It has two separate heads – there is a clavicular head that starts in the midline half of the collar bone and a sternocostal head that starts in the area of the chest plate.

What are the muscles of the shoulder?

Muscles of the Shoulder. There are many muscles of the shoulder that attach the various bones that make up the shoulder joints, include the humerus, the scapula, and the clavicle. The muscles come together to form the outer contour of the underarm and shoulder. They help the shoulder joint travel over a wide range of motion and aid in ...

What muscle is used to bring the arm close to the body?

It also brings down the shoulder and keeps the lower part of the scapula stuck against the wall of the chest. Deltoid muscle .

What are the three groups of muscles in the shoulder?

Shoulder muscles are divided into three separate groups. They include the superficial muscles or "extrinsic muscles", the deep muscles or "intrinsic muscles", and the muscles that involve both the shoulder and the arm. The different muscle in different groups will be described specifically.

What is the strongest muscle in the shoulder?

Deltoid muscle. It gives the shoulder its shape and is the strongest muscle of all the muscles of the shoulder. There are three parts: the anterior, middle, and posterior parts. The anterior part starts at the anterior and upper part of the collar bone. The middle part starts at the acromion process, and posterior part starts from the lower part ...

Which muscle helps the scapula rise up?

The levator scapulae muscle starts in the vertebrae of the neck and attachs to the upper and medial part of the scapula, allowing it to rise up. The rhomboid muscles start in the vertebrae and travel to the middle part of the scapula, which help the scapula rise up.

Where does the levator scapulae muscle start?

It starts at the first rib and connects to the collar bone, helping the shoulder move downward and forward, keeping the collar bone stable. The back muscles. These include the levator scapulae muscle, the rhomboid major and minor muscles, and the teres major muscle. The levator scapulae muscle starts in the vertebrae of the neck and attachs to ...

What is the push and pull action of the arms and shoulders?

The pushing and pulling action of the arms and shoulders refers to the individual movements that each arm and shoulder produce on the bat handle through their respective hands during the swing. Since each hand grabs the bat handle from a different direction, the force from the respective arm and shoulder that it is generating on it will also be ...

Which arm pulls on the handle of a baseball bat?

Okay, so now that we know for the right-hand batter that the left arm pulls on the bat handle and the right arm pushes on it, let’s define the muscles involved in both of these arms during this part of the swing, beginning with the left arm first.

What muscles are extensors?

Specifically, the elbow extensors are the Triceps and Anconeus muscles, and these can be seen more specifically in Figure 4-35. Okay, now let’s take a look at the player’s right arm.

Why is the scapula and shoulder muscles activated?

Due to the circumstances, the scapula and shoulder muscles are highly activated to promote and sustain movements of the shoulder, especially external rotation. Special focus on anterior instability in this phase is vital due to the high ranges of external rotation reached in this phase [12] [11].

What is the acceleration phase of the shoulder?

The acceleration phase begins from the point of maximum shoulder external rotation to the point of ball release. The trunk continues to rotate and tilt, and energy transferred through upper extremity. During this phase, the shoulder moves into horizontal adduction and internal rotation.

What injuries do you get when you pitch in baseball?

Excessive valgus strain at the elbow during the late cocking phase can lead to medial elbow injuries such as muscle tear, avulsion fractures, ulnar nerve damage and most common ly UCL strain or tear [15].

Which flexors work eccentrically to control the lowering of body’s centre of gravity?

And hip extensors and abductors, knee extensors and ankle plantar flexors of stride leg work eccentrically to control the lowering of body’s centre of gravity.

What is the right arm of a pitcher?

For a right-handed pitcher, throwing arm is the right arm, a gloved hand is left, lead/stride leg is left lower extremity and pivot/stance leg is right. The phase of wind-up begins with the initiation of the stride leg and ends when the ball separates from the glove and the stride leg reaches the highest point[2].

What is the maximum rotation of the pelvis?

The shoulder is abducted about 90°, 10° to 20° horizontally adducted and laterally rotates to about 175°. The wrist is in neutral and the elbow is elevated to about shoulder height and is 90° flexed.

Which muscle has the greatest activity during the acceleration phase?

Baseball pitchers with slipping phenomenon had greater infraspinatus muscle activity during the acceleration phase. A previous study confirmed that electromyographic activity of the infraspinatus peaks during the acceleration phase, which is the characteristic of baseball players with shoulder pain.

What is shoulder microinstability?

Shoulder microinstability is often overlooked, which can be problematic, especially in overhead athletes. The slipping phenomenon is defined as posterior or lateral sliding of the humeral head in an elevated arm. When the shoulder is close to the end range of stability, the infraspinatus is highly activated and keeps the shoulder in ...

What were the exclusion criteria for the MLB?

The exclusion criteria were (1) a history of shoulder dislocation, (2) a history of shoulder or elbow surgery, or (3) no major trauma (including fracture, myositis ossificans, and burns).

What is the body involved in throwing a baseball?

Though the entire body is engaged when throwing a baseball, the shoulder, arms, back and core are responsible for the majority of the movements. A combination of strength, speed and stability are needed to effectively rotate the body backward before switching direction and accelerating forward to release the ball with power and accuracy.

What muscles help you throw a ball?

Stable Back. The lats, or latissiumus dorsi, are large fan-like muscles located on either side of your back. The lats help your body to stabilize during the throwing motion while also providing power to the throw of the ball.

Which muscles are used to rotate back during windup?

Sturdy Shoulders. The deltoids , the primary muscles of the shoulder, allow your shoulder to rotate back during the windup and cocking phase, and forward when accelerating and throwing the ball.

What is the core of a baseball?

Your core, consisting of your abs, lower back, glutes, pelvis and hips, helps you to remain stable during motion, such as when throwing a baseball. Therefore, your core helps you to stay balanced while transferring weight from one leg to the other and when going from a backward to forward rotation.

Which muscle is the primary mover?

During this motion the deltoid muscle is the primary mover, followed by the rotator cuff muscles which are secondary, as the arm elevates in forward flexion and abduction. The energy that’s generated comes from the rotational loading and coiling of the lower body.

Why is the shoulder inactive?

Muscle activity in the shoulder is generally inactive, due to the subject lifting the lead leg in preparation to release the ball. This is the position of correct posture and balancing. During this motion the deltoid muscle is the primary mover, followed by the rotator cuff muscles which are secondary, as the arm elevates in forward flexion ...

Which muscle is used to support the humeral head?

The serratus anterior provides a secure platform for the humerus during this phase and the latissimus dorsi prevents anterior subluxation of the humeral head, meaning these two muscles are also extremely important to strengthen during this stage.

Which muscle is isometrically contracting to maintain humeral head stabilisation?

The supraspinatus muscle is isometrically contracting to maintain humeral head stabilisation and the infraspinatus and Teres minor muscles are concentrically contracting as the subscapularis is eccentrically contracting to decelerate the external rotation and protect the anterior shoulder joint.

Why does the anterior labrum grind?

Grinding of anterior labrum due to a failure in the compressive force needed throughout the deceleration phase in order to prevent any abnormal humeral translation. Increased stresses on the bicep due to SLAP lesions when the elbow is extended at a rate to fast for the body to handle.

Wind-Up Phase

Stride Phase

Arm Cocking Phase

• The arm cocking phase can be defined as the beginning of lead foot contact and ends at maximum shoulder external rotation . A substantial amount of kinetic energy is transmitted to the shoulder, approximately 80% of body weight, from the lower extremities and trunk rotation. Due to the circumstances, the scapula and shoulder muscles are highly acti...

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Arm Acceleration Phase

Arm Deceleration Phase

Follow-Through