what muscles are innervated by t12

The latissimus dorsi muscle is innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve (C6 to C8) which is a branch of the brachial plexus. It has its origins on the T7 to T12 vertebrae, the iliac crest, the 9th to 12th ribs and inferior angle of the scapula, and inserts on the lesser tubercle of the humerus.

Full Answer

Where does the T12 nerve supply information to?

T9, T10, T11, and T12 can feed into the abdomen and/or lower in the back Each spinal nerve carries both sensory and motor information, via efferent and afferent nerve fibers - ultimately via the motor cortex in the parietal cortex - but also through the phenomenon of reflex.

What is T12 spinal cord injury?

The thoracic region of your spinal cord is divided into 12 segments that innervate the muscles in your trunk. T12 spinal cord injury patients generally have full function in their upper limbs and trunk. The T12 nerve roots innervate the very lower abdominal muscles.

What nerves are innervated by the transversus abdominis?

Contraction of transversus abdominis compresses the abdominal organs, assists expiration and causes ipsilateral trunk rotation. The muscle is innervated by the intercostal (T7-T11), subcostal (T12), iliohypogastric (L1) and ilioinguinal nerves (L1).

What part of the spine does the T12 vertebra protect?

Each of the vertebrae in the spinal column has a specific shape which is designed to protect the spinal cord from injury. The T12 vertebra is located in the last position of the thoracic section of the spine, and sits just above the lumbar section. The portion of the spinal cord that the thoracic vertebrae protect is known as the thoracic cord.

What nerves does T12 control?

Together, these nerves help control your rib cage, lungs and diaphragm, and the muscles that help you breathe. T6 through T12 nerves: These nerves affect your abdominal and back muscles. These nerves, along with certain muscles, help with balance and posture, and they help you cough.

What nerves are affected by T12 and L1?

T12-L1 Pinched Nerve: The T12 spinal nerves are responsible for the abdominal muscles and the skin over the buttocks. A pinched nerve at this level may cause pain into the buttocks or over the abdomen. Localized symptoms of pinched nerve in the thoracic spine may include pain or stiffness of the midback.

Which of the abdominal muscles is innervated by spinal nerves T7 T12?

[1] The T7 to T12 thoracoabdominal nerves segmentally innervate the skin overlying the anterolateral abdominal wall, the intercostal muscles, rectus abdominis muscle, pyramidalis muscle, transversus abdominis muscle, internal oblique muscle, and external oblique muscle.

Is T12 an intercostal nerve?

The term 'intercostal' refers to their course in the intercostal space, in which they run alongside intercostal vessels. The anterior rami of the most inferior thoracic spinal nerve (T12) gives rise to the subcostal nerve which runs inferior to the twelfth rib, the “subcostal space”.

What part of the body does T12 affect?

The T12 nerve roots innervate the very lower abdominal muscles. Therefore, individuals with T12 SCIs will focus on rehabilitation for the lower half of their body. Your spinal cord relays messages between your brain and body.

How serious is a T12 injury?

This is the most severe type of spinal fracture because it can result in compressing the nerves, leading to neurological complications.

Can thoracic spine cause leg pain?

Thoracic spinal cord injury symptoms depend on the type of nerve damage. Spinal pain can radiate into arms, legs or around the rib cage from back toward the anterior chest. The following may be associated with thoracic spine nerve damage: Significant leg weakness or loss of sensation.

What spinal nerves affect abdominal muscles?

The abdominal wall nerves control the majority of these core muscles and provide feeling to the abdominal skin and groin areas. Four major nerves are largely responsible for these actions, including the thoraco-abdominal (T7-T11), subcostal (T12), iliohypogastric (T12-L1), and ilioinguinal (L1) nerves.

What does the T8 nerve control?

The T1-T4 thoracic sections control primarily chest muscles and organs, such as the heart and lungs. The T5 - T8 vertebrae affect the abdominal muscles, as well as some of the chest.

What does a pinched thoracic nerve feel like?

Individuals with a thoracic pinched nerve often experience some of the following symptoms: Pain in the middle of the back. Pain that radiates to the front of the chest or shoulder. Numbness or tingling that extends from the back into the upper chest.

What nerve controls the intercostal muscles?

The intercostal nerves are part of the somatic nervous system, aiding in the contraction of muscles and the return of sensory information from the skin and parietal pleura. The intercostal nerves arise from the anterior rami of the thoracic spinal nerves from T1 to T11 and are situated between adjacent ribs.

Where is your T12 in your back?

The T12, or twelfth thoracic vertebra is the largest of all your thoracic vertebrae, and is the lowermost in the back. It's designed to bear the weight of your spine, and is the strongest of all vertebrae in the region, but it's also the most prone to injuries from stress.

What are the symptoms of L1 nerve damage?

What Are the Symptoms of an L1 Injury? The L1 vertebra is the topmost section of the lumbar spinal column. This section of the spine contains a portion of the spinal cord. Injuries to the L1 spine can affect hip flexion, cause paraplegia, loss of bowel/bladder control, and/or numbness in the legs.

What does the L1 nerve control?

L1 spinal nerve provides sensation to your groin and genital area and helps move your hip muscles. L2, L3 and L4 spinal nerves provide sensation to the front part of your thigh and inner side of your lower leg. These nerves also control hip and knee muscle movements.

What nerves are affected by L1?

A limited description of the specific lumbar spinal nerves includes: L1 innervates the abdominal internal obliques via the ilioinguinal nerve; L2-4 innervates iliopsoas, a hip flexor, and other muscles via the femoral nerve; L2-4 innervates adductor longus, a hip adductor, and other muscles via the obturator nerve; L5 ...

Where are T12 and L1 located?

The T12 vertebra sits right above the lumbar spinal column. It is the largest and most inferior of the thoracic spinal vertebrae. The T12 vertebrae location is between the T11 vertebra and the first lumbar vertebra, L1, in the trunk region.

What is the name of the joint that forms a joint with the 12th pair of ribs?

A pair of strong pedicles extends posteriorly from the vertebral body to begin the arch. Each pedicle contains a smooth, oval-shaped articular facet that forms a joint with the 12th pair of ribs. Posterior to the pedicles are the transverse processes that extend laterally from the vertebral arch.

What are the joints in the T11 and T12?

The joints formed between T11 and T12 are classified as planar joints , and allow the bones to glide along a plane relative to one another. At the bottom of T12, a pair of inferior articular processes descends to meet the superior articular processes of the L1 vertebra.

What are the two pairs of articular processes that extend vertically from the vertebral arch?

Extending vertically from the vertebral arch are two pairs of articular processes that form joints with the neighboring vertebra and help to stabilize the spine. The superior articular processes extend superiorly to meet the inferior articular processes of the T11 vertebra.

What is inside the vertebral arch?

Inside the vertebral arch is a hollow vertebral foramen that contains the spinal cord and spinal nerves. The strong bony tissue of the vertebral arch protects the delicate nervous tissue as it passes through the vertebral canal.

Which process is a thin rectangle of bone that provides muscle attachment points for the muscles that stabilize, flex, extend?

The thin laminae continue the vertebral arch posteriorly from the transverse processes until they unite at the body’s midline to form the spinous process. The spinous process extends posteriorly toward the surface of the back and can be felt through the skin. It is a thin rectangle of bone that provides muscle attachment points for the muscles that stabilize, flex, extend, and rotate the spine. The spinous process is considerably shorter, straighter, and thicker in T12 than it is in the superior thoracic vertebrae, closely resembling the spinous process of the lumbar vertebrae below.

Where is the T12 located?

The T12 vertebra is located in the spinal column of the thoracic (or trunk) region inferior to the T11 vertebra and superior to the first lumbar (L1) vertebra. Continue Scrolling To Read More Below...

Which thoracic vertebra is the strongest?

The twelfth thoracic vertebra (or the T12 vertebra) is the largest and most inferior of the thoracic vertebrae. T12 bears the most weight of any thoracic vertebra, making it the strongest thoracic vertebra, but also the most susceptible to stress-related injuries. In many ways, the T12 is a hybrid vertebra with the anatomical features ...

What are the functions of T12?

T12 Spinal Cord Injury: Functions Affected and Recovery Outlook. A T12 spinal cord injury affects lower body functions such as walking and bowel and bladder functions. Fortunately, individuals with T12 spinal cord injuries generally have normal, full functioning of their upper bodies, which allows a great deal of independence.

What is the treatment for T12 spinal cord injury?

Rehabilitation after a T12 spinal cord injury primarily consists of physical and occupational therapy. These rehabilitative therapies will assess your functional abilities and strive towards maximizing your mobility and independence.

How many segments are there in the T12?

Photo Credit: Ralf Stephan. The thoracic region of your spinal cord is divided into 12 segments that innervate the muscles in your trunk. T12 spinal cord injury patients generally have full function in their upper limbs and trunk. The T12 nerve roots innervate the very lower abdominal muscles. Therefore, individuals with T12 SCIs will focus on ...

What causes a leaky bowel?

1. Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction. Inability to control the bowel and bladder muscles or inability to feel when they are full can cause leakage that you cannot feel or be aware of. Catheterization, bladder augmentation surgery, and medications can help control and better predict bowel and bladder movements. 2.

How does repetition help you move?

The more you repeat a movement, the more you stimulate neuroplasticity in spared neural pathways. With enough practice, your brain, spinal cord, and body can learn to work in sync again. Ultimately, you’re relearning how to move again by promoting neural adaptation.

What is the function of the spinal cord?

Your spinal cord relays messages between your brain and body. After a spinal cord injury, these messages may not be able to make a connection past the site of injury.

Why do I feel spasms after SCI?

Many patients experience spasticity after an SCI because messages between their brain and body are not being communicated properly.

Where does T5 traverse?

T5 traverses in a pattern slightly inferior to that referenced at T4 with its anterior translation across the inferior aspect of the breast and mastic cleft and terminating at the sternum.

Where does T6 end?

T6 traverses from the 6th segment posteriorly along the course of the 6th or 7th rib anteriorly and terminates at the xiphoid process.

What are the muscles of the thoracic cage?

The muscles of the thoracic cage are the pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, subclavius, intercostal (external, internal and innermost ), subcostal and transversus thoracis muscles, including the diaphragm.

Which muscles are deep?

Deep: Transversospinal muscles (semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores longus and brevis) Deepest: Interspinales, intertransversarii and levatores costarum. This article will give you an overview of the torso musculature and serve you as a hub from which you can hop into more detailed topics related to trunk anatomy.

What muscles cover the anterolateral part of the trunk?

Anterior trunk muscles. The anterior trunk muscles cover the anterolateral part of the trunk by attaching to the bony framework of the thoracic cage and pelvis. These muscles are grouped into the muscles of the thoracic cage and the muscles of the abdominal wall .

What are the functions of the trunk muscles?

Trunk muscles have a few very important functions; they contribute to the protection of the thoracic and abdominopelvic viscera and they assist essential body activities such as breathing, movement, defecation and micturition. Key facts about muscles of the trunk. Anterior thoracic muscles.

How many layers are there in the back?

We will start by describing the superficial muscles of the back. They are arranged into two layers:

What is the central part of the body to which the head and limbs are attached?

Ventral trunk muscles (overview) The trunk (torso) is the central part of the body to which the head and the limbs are attached. Except for the brain, the trunk houses all the vital organs of the human body.

Which layer of the vertebrae contains the massive erector spinae?

The intermediate layer contains the massive erector spinae muscles. They lie in a groove on either side of the vertebral column in the space between the spinous processes of the vertebrae and the angles of the ribs. The erector spinae group contains three muscles, located from lateral to medial, as follows: iliocostalis, longissimus and spinalis.

How many thoracic nerves are there?

Each thoracic spinal nerve is named for the vertebra above it. For example, the T3 nerve root runs between the T3 vertebra and T4 vertebra. There are 12 thoracic spinal nerve root pairs (two at each thoracic vertebral level), starting at vertebral level T1-T2 and going down to T12-L1.

What nerves feed into the ventral ramus?

After branching from the spinal cord and traveling through the foramen, a thoracic nerve root branches into two different nerve bundles that feed into the nerves at the front (ventral ramus) and back (dorsal ramus) of the body. At the T1 through T11 levels, the ventral ramus eventually becomes an intercostal nerve that travels along ...

How many nerve roots are there in the thoracic spine?

Thoracic Spinal Nerves. The thoracic spine has 12 nerve roots (T1 to T12) on each side of the spine that branch from the spinal cord and control motor and sensory signals mostly for the upper back, chest, and abdomen. The thoracic spine (highlighted) spans the upper and mid-back. It includes twelve vertebrae named T1 through T12.

What is spinal cord injury?

Spinal cord injuries are usually classified based on the spinal nerve root level where function is reduced or completely lost. For example, a T6 spinal cord injury would impair or lose function at the T6 nerve root level and below.

What nerve travels between the ribs?

At the T1 through T11 levels, the ventral ramus eventually becomes an intercostal nerve that travels along the same path as the ribs (specifically between the innermost and internal intercostal muscles that connect adjacent ribs). At T12, the ventral ramus becomes a subcostal nerve that travels beneath the twelfth rib.

What is the hole in the spinal canal called?

Each thoracic nerve root exits the spinal canal through a bony hole, called an intervertebral foramen. This bony hole is formed by two adjacent vertebrae, and its size and shape can slightly shift as the vertebrae move.

How are motor and sensory functions determined?

The motor and sensory functions provided by a thoracic nerve root are determined by its vertebral level. While these functions can slightly vary from person to person, they typically are as follows:

What is the venous drainage of the psoas major muscle?

It drains back into the femoral, external iliac and internal iliac veins as well as directly into the inferior vena cava. Master the anatomy of the psoas major muscle using the following study unit: Muscles of the hip and thigh Explore study unit.

What are the retroperitoneal structures of the lumbar plexus?

Other retroperitoneal structures related to the muscle are the kidneys and ureters, the gonadal vessels and the genitofemoral nerve. Because of its location immediately lateral to the vertebral column, the roots of the lumbar plexus are embedded in the belly of psoas major as they exit the vertebral canal.

What is the name of the muscle that connects the iliacus and psoas?

It belongs to the inner muscles of the hip group. The name ‘psoas’ is of Greek origin meaning ‘muscle of the loin’. Psoas major is often considered with the iliacus muscle. It merges with iliacus as it passes inferolaterally into the thigh to insert onto the femur. Together, these muscles are known as the iliopsoas muscle.

What is the function of the Psoas Major?

Function. The actions of psoas major are flexion and lateral rotation of the thigh at the hip. It also flexes the trunk at the hip and flexes the trunk laterally. Psoas major is also a postural muscle.

How to diagnose Psoas syndrome?

Psoas syndrome is diagnosed by doing a physical exam of the spine, hip and lower limb. It can be difficult to diagnose and is often misdiagnosed. It is often mistaken for a herniated intervertebral disk or arthritis. However, physical therapy is an effective treatment for all three conditions, meaning psoas syndrome is sometimes treated without even being diagnosed.

Where is the plexus located?

The plexus forms in the muscle with its branches emerging from its lateral border. In the thigh, psoas major contributes to the floor of the femoral triangle. Its tendon (iliopsoas tendon) lies deep to the fascia lata, sartorius, rectus femoris and deep femoral artery.

Which muscle is fused with the iliacus muscle?

Along its course, the lateral-most fibres of psoas major fuse with the fibres of the iliacus muscle to form the iliopsoas muscle. Iliopsoas passes deep to the inguinal ligament and anterior to the joint capsule of the hip to insert onto the lesser trochanter of the femur .

What is the term for the nerves that connect the spinal cord?

Spinal nerves are referred to as “mixed nerves.”. The meningeal branches (recurrent meningeal or sinuvertebral nerves) branch from the spinal nerve and re-enter the intervertebral foramen to serve the ligaments, dura, blood vessels, intervertebral discs, facet joints, and periosteum of the vertebrae. Actions of the Thoracic spinal Nerves.

What are some examples of disfunction of thoracic spinal nerves?

The below are some examples of disfunction of thoracic spinal nerves. Thoracic herniated disc, leading to thoracic radiculopathy, with symptoms of pain, tingling, numbness, and/or weakness radiating along the nerve root.

How many nerve roots are there in the thoracic spine?

Introduction. The thoracic spine has 12 nerve roots (T1 to T12) on each side of the spine that branch from the spinal cord and control motor and sensory signals mostly for the upper back, chest, and abdomen. Each thoracic spinal nerve is named for the vertebra above it. eg the T4 nerve root runs between the T4 vertebra and T5 vertebra.

What is the name of the nerve that runs between the T4 and T5 vertebrae?

Each thoracic spinal nerve is named for the vertebra above it. eg the T4 nerve root runs between the T4 vertebra and T5 vertebra.

What is spinal cord injury?

Spinal cord injuries are usually classified based on the spinal nerve root level where function is reduced or completely lost. For example, a T6 spinal cord injury would impair or lose function at the T6 nerve root level and below.

Where are the intercostal nerves located?

The intercostal nerves (see R image: Intercostal nerves, the superficial muscles having been removed), are distributed chiefly to the parietes (wall) of the thorax and abdomen, and differ from the anterior divisions of the other spinal nerves, in that each pursues an independent course, i. e., there is no plexus formation.

Where does the thoracic nerve exit?

Each thoracic nerve root exits the spinal canal through an intervertebral foramen (formed by two adjacent vertebrae, and its size and shape can slightly shift as the vertebrae move).