What are the symptoms of facial nerve damage?
Other causes and symptoms of facial nerve damage may benefit from surgery if nerves or muscles are damaged....Facial nerve disorders may cause:Weakness.Paralysis.Involuntary movement.Tearing.Twitching or drooping of the facial muscles.
What part of the brain controls the facial nerve?
The midbrain is an important center for ocular motion while the pons is involved with coordinating eye and facial movements, facial sensation, hearing and balance. The medulla oblongata controls breathing, blood pressure, heart rhythms and swallowing.
Which nerve is responsible for facial pain?
The trigeminal nerve is the part of the nervous system responsible for sending pain, touch and temperature sensations from your face to your brain. It's a large, three-part nerve in your head that provides sensation.
Can neck problems cause trigeminal neuralgia?
Therefore, concussive trauma to the head and neck or upper back that cause injury to nerve pathways in the spinal cord and brain stem and it can be cause of trigeminal neuralgia.
How do you treat facial nerve damage?
To treat trigeminal neuralgia, your doctor usually will prescribe medications to lessen or block the pain signals sent to your brain. Anticonvulsants. Doctors usually prescribe carbamazepine (Tegretol, Carbatrol, others) for trigeminal neuralgia, and it's been shown to be effective in treating the condition.
What nerves in the neck affect the face?
The trigeminal nerve is one set of the cranial nerves in the head. It is the nerve responsible for providing sensation to the face. One trigeminal nerve runs to the right side of the head, while the other runs to the left. Each of these nerves has three distinct branches.
Can a pinched nerve affect your face?
Usually, your body goes numb when your nerves get damaged, pinched, or irritated. A pair of nerves that run down the left and right side of your head let your face feel pain, temperature, touch, and other sensations.
What can irritate the trigeminal nerve?
Trigeminal neuralgia can also be caused by a tumor compressing the trigeminal nerve. Some people may experience trigeminal neuralgia due to a brain lesion or other abnormalities. In other cases, surgical injuries, stroke or facial trauma may be responsible for trigeminal neuralgia.
Does brain MRI show facial nerves?
MRI can be used to image the facial nerve from the brainstem to the fundus of the internal auditory canal and to determine the presence of perineural spread from parotid malignancies (Figure 9).
How do you test facial nerve function?
Doctors use an MRI to examine the entire facial nerve. This imaging test also allows a doctor to identify swelling or a growth on or near the nerve. Your doctor may recommend a type of MRI that uses a contrast agent, or dye, called gadolinium.
What cranial nerve affects the right side of the face?
The trigeminal nerve is one set of the cranial nerves in the head. It is the nerve responsible for providing sensation to the face. One trigeminal nerve runs to the right side of the head, while the other runs to the left. Each of these nerves has three distinct branches.
How do you activate facial nerves?
Facial StimulationStep 1: Begin by trying to move every part of your face slowly and gently.Step 2: Use your fingers to gently lift your eyebrows. ... Step 3: Using your fingers, gently massage the different parts of your face, including your forehead, nose, cheeks, and mouth.
Overview
The facial nerve is a pathway from your brain to certain muscles in your face. It controls muscles that help you make expressions like raising an eyebrow, smiling or frowning. This nerve is also responsible for most of your tongue’s taste sensations.
Function
The facial nerve performs these motor (movement) and sensory functions:
Anatomy
The facial nerve is the seventh of 12 cranial nerves in your nervous system. You have two facial nerves, one on each side of your head.
Conditions and Disorders
Several conditions can cause weakness or paralysis of the facial nerve, including:
How many divisions does the facial nerve have?
Facial nerves and muscle. The facial nerve then enters the parotid gland, and branches into five divisions (see above). The facial nerve has five main branches, although the anatomy can vary somewhat between individuals. The branches are, from top to bottom: frontal (or temporal), zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, and cervical.
What are the branches of facial expression?
The branches are, from top to bottom: frontal (or temporal), zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, and cervical. Each of these branches provides input to a group of muscles of facial expression. The following is a rough guide to the areas each branch innervates.
What does it mean when your eyebrows are paralyzed?
Frontal: Paralysis of the forehead/inability to move the eyebrow. Usually, this means the eyebrow ‘hangs down’ in front of the eye and can impair vision. Frontal: Paralysis of the forehead/inability to move the eyebrow. Usually, this means the eyebrow ‘hangs down’ in front of the eye and can impair vision.
Why does food fall out of my mouth?
Food or liquid may fall out of the mouth unexpectedly due abnormal lip movement. In addition, there can be difficulty with nasal obstruction on the affected side as the muscles that help keep the nostril open may be paralyzed, resulting in an obstructed nostril. Normal blinking may be slowed or absent.
What muscle is tensed during shaving?
Cervical: lower chin muscle (platysma), often tensed during facial hair shaving. It also lowers the corner of the mouth
What is the problem with buccal speech?
This leads to problems with speech, particularly sounds like “bee” and “papa,” where precise motion of the lips is required to articulate the sound. Food or liquid may fall out of the mouth unexpectedly due abnormal lip movement.
Where does the facial nerve originate?
The cells that transmit information within the facial nerve originate in the base of the brain, or the brain stem, in a region called the pons . The nerve must therefore travel through the base of the skull in order to reach the face.
What causes facial expression to be paralyzed?
Only the motor function of the facial nerve is affected, therefore resulting in paralysis or severe weakness of the muscles of facial expression. There are various causes of extracranial lesions of the facial nerve: Parotid gland pathology – e.g a tumour, parotitis, surgery.
How many branches does the parotid nerve have?
Within the parotid gland, the nerve terminates by splitting into five branches:
What is the course of the facial nerve?
The course of the facial nerve is very complex. There are many branches, which transmit a combination of sensory, motor and parasympathetic fibres. Anatomically, the course of the facial nerve can be divided into two parts: Intracranial – the course of the nerve through the cranial cavity, and the cranium itself.
Where does the chorda tympani go?
The nerve arises in the facial canal, and travels across the bones of the middle ear, exiting via the petrotympanic fissure, and entering the infratemporal fossa . Here, the chorda tympani ‘hitchhikes’ with the lingual nerve. The parasympathetic fibres of the chorda tympani stay with the lingual nerve, but the main body of the nerve leaves to innervate the anterior 2/3 of the tongue.
Which muscle innervates the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?
Nerve to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle – Innervates the posterior belly of the digastric muscle (a suprahyoid muscle of the neck). It is responsible for raising the hyoid bone.
Which nerve exits the facial canal?
Nerve to stapedius – motor fibres to stapedius muscle of the middle ear. Chorda tympani – special sensory fibres to the anterior 2/3 tongue and parasympathetic fibres to the submandibular and sublingual glands. The facial nerve then exits the facial canal (and the cranium) via the stylomastoid foramen .
Which gland is responsible for innervating facial muscles?
Within the parotid gland, the facial nerve terminates by bifurcating into five motor branches. These innervate the muscles of facial expression:
Where do facial nerve fibers travel?
The fibers travel towards the floor of IV ventricle and go around the abducens nucleus and descend. The facial nerve emerges from the lateral surface of brainstem at the pontine-medullary junction between the VI and VIII nerves.
What is the vascular damage of the facial nerve?
Vascular damage to the facial nerve usually occurs at the supranuclear, pontine, and (rarely) cerebellopontine angle. Upper motor neuron (UMN) lesions occur in strokes and can easily be differentiated with lower motor neuron (LMN) lesions by their presentation. A LMN lesion causes paralysis of the whole side of face, ...
What are the components of the facial nerve?
The facial nerve contains many different types of fibers, including general sensory (afferent) fibers, special sensory fibers, visceral/autonomic motor (efferent) fibers, and somatic motor fibers. General sensory fibers in the facial nerve are responsible for transmitting signals to the brain from ...
What is the facial nerve?
The facial nerve is one of a group of nerves called the cranial nerves (CN), twelve pairs of nerves that , with the exception of the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI), originate in the brain and contribute to the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
What is the function of the facial nerve?
While it is indeed responsible for innervating the muscles of facial expression, the facial nerve is a complex structure containing many fiber types with a variety of functions, including motor, sensory, and autonomic. The following article will discuss the importance and versatility facial nerve.
Which nerve is responsible for innervating the lacrimal gland, submandibular gland, sublingual?
Visceral/autonomic motor fibers in the facial nerve are responsible for innervating the lacrimal gland, submandibular gland, sublingual gland, and the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity and hard and soft palates, allowing for production of tears, saliva, etc., from these locations.
Which nerve contains motor fibers?
the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) Some of these contain motor fibers, some contain autonomic fibers, some contain somatic sensory fibers, some contain special sensory fibers, and some contain combinations of a number of these aforementioned fiber types.
What is the function of parasympathetic innervation?
Parasympathetic innervation serves to increase the flow of saliva from these glands. It also supplies parasympathetic innervation to the nasal mucosa and the lacrimal gland via the pterygopalatine ganglion. The parasympathetic fibers that travel in the facial nerve originate in the superior salivatory nucleus .
What is the pyramidal eminence?
The pyramidal eminence is the second bend in the facial nerve, where the nerve runs downward as the mastoid segment. In the temporal part of the facial canal, the nerve gives rise to the nerve to the stapedius muscle and chorda tympani.
How many segments are there in the facial nerve?
The path of the facial nerve can be divided into six segments: intracranial (cisternal) segment. meatal (canalicular) segment (within the internal auditory canal) labyrinthine segment (internal auditory canal to geniculate ganglion) tympanic segment (from geniculate ganglion to pyramidal eminence)
Where does the communicating branch of the otic ganglion arise?
The communicating branch to the otic ganglion arises at the geniculate ganglion and joins the lesser petrosal nerve to reach the otic ganglion.
Which nerve is located in the labyrinthine segment?
The labyrinthine segment is very short, and ends where the facial nerve forms a bend known as the geniculum of the facial nerve ( genu meaning knee), which contains the geniculate ganglion for sensory nerve bodies. The first branch of the facial nerve , the greater petrosal nerve, arises here from the geniculate ganglion. The greater petrosal nerve runs through the pterygoid canal and synapses at the pterygopalatine ganglion. Postsynaptic fibers of the greater petrosal nerve innervate the lacrimal gland .
Which nerve runs through the pterygoid canal?
The greater petrosal nerve runs through the pterygoid canal and synapses at the pterygopalatine ganglion. Postsynaptic fibers of the greater petrosal nerve innervate the lacrimal gland . In the tympanic segment, the facial nerve runs through the tympanic cavity, medial to the incus .
What is the second arch of the facial nerve called?
Development. The facial nerve is developmentally derived from the second pharyngeal arch, or branchial arch. The second arch is called the hyoid arch because it contributes to the formation of the lesser horn and upper body of the hyoid bone (the rest of the hyoid is formed by the third arch).
Why do facial muscles work?
Your facial muscles work together to control the parts of your face. They are essential to chewing, facial expressions and other functions. Weakness or paralysis of your face muscles can be a temporary condition or a serious medical problem. See a healthcare provider right away if you have facial palsy or any trouble smiling, talking or eating.
How many muscles are there on the face?
Your face has almost 20 flat skeletal muscles that attach to different places on your skull. The craniofacial muscles are essential to chewing and making facial expressions. They originate from bone or fascia and insert into your skin. Craniofacial muscles work together to control movements in your:
What muscle controls movement in the lower lip?
Depressor labii inferioris, a muscle in your chin that helps control movement in your lower lip.
What happens if you hit your head?
Injury to the head or face: Facial trauma, such as a blow to the head or car accident, can damage the facial nerve and facial muscles.
What is the term for the inability to move parts of the face?
Facial paralysis (inability to move parts of the face).
What muscle pulls your eyebrows downward?
Procerus, a muscle between your eyebrows that can pull your brows downward and help flare your nostrils.
Where are facial muscles located?
Facial muscles are located throughout your face. They can be categorized by general location:
What muscle supports the alar part of the nasali in opening the nostrils?
Depressor Septi Nasi: This muscle supports the alar part of the nasali in opening the nostrils. Origin: The Depressor Septi Nasi runs from the maxilla (above the medial incisor tooth). Insertion: It inserts to the nasal septum. Function: It pulls the nose inferiorly, opening the nares. Nerve Supply: Facial nerve.
What is the orbicularis oculi?
Orbicularis oculi: The orbicularis oculi is a muscle in the face that closes the eyelids. The orbicularis oculi can be functionally split into two parts; inner palpebral part and the outer orbital part. Origin: Frontal bone and Maxilla. Insertion: Eyelid.
Where is the corrugator supercilii located?
Corrugator Supercilii: The corrugator supercilii is located posteriorly to the orbicularis oculi muscle. Origin: It originates from the superciliary arch, running in a superolateral direction. Insertion: It inserts into the skin of the eyebrow.
Which facial muscle is associated with movements of the nose?
The nasal group of facial muscles is associated with movements of the nose. There are three muscles-Nasalis, Procerus &Depressor Septi Nasi in this group, and all muscles are innervated by the facial nerve. Nasalis: The nasalis is the biggest of the nasal muscles.
What is the biggest muscle in the nose?
Nasalis: The nasalis is the biggest of the nasal muscles. The nasalis divided into two parts; transverse and alar. Origin: Both parts of the nasalis muscle arise from the maxilla. Insertion: The transverse part joins to an aponeurosis across the dorsum of the nose.
What are facial muscles?
Facial Muscles: The facial muscles are a group of skeletal muscles lying under the facial skin & supplied by the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) that control facial expression. The facial muscles are also described as mimetic muscles. The facial muscles can broadly be split into three groups; orbital, nasal and oral.
What is the origin of the word "zygomaticus"?
Origin: Epicranial aponeurosis. Insertion: Skin of eyebrows. Action: Raise eyebrows. Zygomaticus major: origin: Zygomatic bone. Insertion: Skin and muscle at the corner of the mouth. Action: Raises corners of the mouth (smile) Muscles that act on the Jaw (for mastication and facial expression) Masseter:
What are the functions of the cranial nerves?
Their functions are usually categorized as being either sensory or motor. Sensory nerves are involved with your senses, such as smell, hearing, and touch. Motor nerves control the movement and function of muscles or glands. Keep reading to learn more about each of the 12 cranial nerves and how they function.
What is the function of the oculomotor nerve?
The oculomotor nerve has two different motor functions: muscle function and pupil response. Muscle function. Your oculomotor nerve provides motor function to four of the six muscles around your eyes. These muscles help your eyes move and focus on objects.
How many cranial nerves are there?
What are cranial nerves? Your cranial nerves are pairs of nerves that connect your brain to different parts of your head, neck, and trunk. There are 12 of them, each named for their function or structure. Each nerve also has a corresponding Roman numeral between I and XII.
How many divisions does the trigeminal nerve have?
The trigeminal nerve has three divisions, which are:
Which nerve is located in the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular divisions?
The sensory root of your trigeminal nerve branches into the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular divisions. The motor root of your trigeminal nerve passes below the sensory root and is only distributed into the mandibular division. VI. Abducens nerve.
Which nerve transmits sensory information to your brain regarding smells that you encounter?
The olfactory nerve transmits sensory information to your brain regarding smells that you encounter.
Where does the trigeminal nerve originate?
It also controls the movement of muscles within your jaw and ear. The trigeminal nerve originates from a group of nuclei — which is a collection of nerve cells — in the midbrain and medulla regions of your brainstem.
What are the two muscles that move the mandible?
The facial muscles serve two major functions for the body: mastication and facial expressions. The primary muscles of mastication include the temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, and the masseter, although the mylohyoid and anterior digastric muscles also move the mandible and assist with the acts of chewing and swallowing. The masseter originates on the undersurface of the zygomatic arch and wraps around the angle of the mandible to provide forceful closure of the jaw. The temporalis has a similar function but originates as a large fan shape in the temporal fossa across the frontal, temporal, parietal, and sphenoid bones, then travels deep to the zygomatic arch and inserts on the coronoid process and ramus of the mandible. The medial pterygoid muscle originates on the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone and inserts on the medial aspect of the mandibular ramus and angle, completing a sling with the masseter, which inserts on the lateral surface of the mandibular angle; the medial pterygoid aids closure of the jaw and protrusion of the chin. The lateral pterygoid muscle originates on the lateral pterygoid plate as well but inserts on the condyle of the mandible to assist with protrusion of the chin and opening of the jaw. The mylohyoid and anterior digastric muscles also serve to open the jaw, running from the hyoid bone to the inner aspect of the mandible.
What are the functions of facial muscles?
The facial muscles serve 2 major functions for the body: mastication and facial expressions . The muscles of mastication include the temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, and the masseter (buccinator muscle is an important accessory of chewing). Another important function is facial expression.
Which fibers of the occipitofrontalis act to raise the eyebrows on the face?
The occipitofrontalis, with 2 communicating bellies, acts to raise the eyebrows on the face. The depressor anguli fibers function in depressing the sides of the mouth during frowning—the orbicularis oris functions in pursing the upper and lower lips.
What is the angular vein?
The angular vein becomes the facial vein and travels across the face with the facial artery. The facial vein separates from the artery to empty into the internal jugular vein. The facial vein is responsible for the drainage of the eyelids, nose, lips, cheek, and mental region.
What is the relationship between muscles and innervation in each developing arch?
There is a correlation between muscles and innervation in each developing arch. The pharyngeal arches are also primitively known as branchial arches. The arches are covered with ectoderm and arise during the fourth week of development. The muscles of the face develop from the pharyngeal arch mesoderm.
What is NCBI bookshelf?
NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
What causes Bell's palsy?
Bell’s palsy (BP) is a condition in which the unilateral face appears to “droop,” while the other side of the face is normal in both appearance and function. This is caused by a deficit in the facial nerve or cranial nerve VII. BP is the most common acute mononeuropathy and the most common diagnosis associated with facial nerve paresis (i.e., weakness) or paralysis (i.e., complete motor loss). The 2013 clinical practice guideline committee made the following (strong) recommendations for the management of BP [1][2][3][4]: 1 BP is rapid in onset (<72 hours), and clinicians should rule out all other identifiable causes of unilateral facial paresis or paralysis.#N#In other words, BP is a diagnosis of exclusion (when no other identifiable cause/source for diagnosis can be determined) 2 The committee recommends prescribing oral steroids within 72 hours of symptom onset in patients 16 years and older. 3 Clinicians should NOT prescribe oral antiviral treatment alone for patients with new-onset BP. 4 Clinicians should implement eye protection for patients presenting with difficulty or inability to close the eyelid secondary to weakness or paralysis.
