Full Answer
What are the different periods of architecture?
The Archaic architecture, also called Pelasgic, presents several periods according to the evolution of the way of building: Doric, Ionic and Corinthian.
What is the most characteristic building type in Greek architecture?
The most characteristic building type in Greek architecture is the temple. Rectangular plan for temples were already being adopted in the Geometric period, Their tructure was essentially a rectangular building ( cella, or naos) that housed the cult statue, surrounded by a colonnade or peristyle.
What is archaic architecture made of?
Archaic Architecture is the one made of limestone and marble. The greatest representatives are the Greeks, who built their temples in their own style after learning about the stone temples of the Egyptians.
What are the characteristics of ancient architecture?
The Archaic Architecture is the most primitive, with a very basic and simple style to protect from the weather and also to perform cults according to religious tendencies, to the gods, as well as rituals, megalithic structures, house or hut constructions. Archaic Architecture is the one made of limestone and marble.
What kind of architecture existed during the Greek Archaic period?
The two principal orders in Archaic and Classical Greek architecture are the Doric and the Ionic. In the first, the Doric order, the columns are fluted and have no base. The capitals are composed of two parts consisting of a flat slab, the abacus, and a cushionlike slab known as the echinus.
What developed in the Archaic period?
The Archaic period of Greek history lasted from the 8th century BCE to the second Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BCE. The period began with a massive increase in the Greek population and a structural revolution that established the Greek city-states, or polis.
What is Archaic architecture?
The Archaic period is the era of great innovations in architecture. The design of its most important buildings, the temples, becomes more complex and is subjected to austere symmetry. In the upper building the wooden parts were gradually replaced by stone and in masonry new techniques were developed.
What is the Archaic period known for?
Archaic period, in history and archaeology, the earliest phases of a culture; the term is most frequently used by art historians to denote the period of artistic development in Greece from about 650 to 480 bc, the date of the Persian sack of Athens.
Why is it called the Archaic period?
The word archaic derives from the Greek word archaios, meaning 'old', and refers to the period in ancient Greek history before the classical period.
What are the most important features of the Archaic tradition?
The primary characteristic of Archaic cultures is a change in subsistence and lifestyle; their Paleo-Indian predecessors were highly nomadic, specialized hunters and gatherers who relied on a few species of wild plants and game, but Archaic peoples lived in larger groups, were sedentary for part of the year, and ...
What are the 3 styles of Greek architecture?
During the classical era, Greek architecture was ruled by three main orders for the construction of buildings: Dorian, Ionian, and Corinthian, and they are most easily recognized by the type of columns used.
What is the Archaic style of sculpture?
The two principal Archaic types of statue were still the kouros (the standing naked male), and the kore (the standing draped female). From European Greece we have also a few seated figures, men on horseback, and - especially from earlier grave monuments - sphinxes squatting on their hind legs.
What came after the Archaic period?
The Archaic Period is preceded by the Greek Dark Age (c. 1200- 800 BCE), a period about which little is known for sure, and followed by the Classical Period (c.
What happened during the Archaic period ancient Greece?
The term Ancient, or Archaic, Greece refers to the years 700-480 B.C., not the Classical Age (480-323 B.C.) known for its art, architecture and philosophy. Archaic Greece saw advances in art, poetry and technology, but is known as the age in which the polis, or city-state, was invented.
Why did the pottery look like during the Archaic period?
What did the pottery look like during the Archaic period? Pottery back in the Archaic period was primarily in the colors black and a burnt orange due to the usage of black against the stark orange/red of the clay.
What time period was the Archaic?
The Archaic Period lasted from about 6, 500 B. C. to the introduction of the bow and arrow about A. D. 700-800.
What happened during the Archaic period Ancient Greece?
The term Ancient, or Archaic, Greece refers to the years 700-480 B.C., not the Classical Age (480-323 B.C.) known for its art, architecture and philosophy. Archaic Greece saw advances in art, poetry and technology, but is known as the age in which the polis, or city-state, was invented.
What statues became important during the Archaic period?
In the Archaic Period the most important sculptural form was the kouros (See for example Biton and Kleobis).
What were some main characteristics of Greek culture that developed in the Archaic and Classical periods?
Classical Greek cultureThe Greeks made important contributions to philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, and medicine.Literature and theatre was an important aspect of Greek culture and influenced modern drama.The Greeks were known for their sophisticated sculpture and architecture.More items...
When was the Archaic period of Egypt?
The Archaic or Early Dynastic Period of Egypt (also known as Thinite Period, from Thinis, the supposed hometown of its rulers) is the era immediately following the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt c. 3100 BC.
How did the Archaic Architecture develop?
From this architecture the classical models are outlined, which in the development of Greek art are fixed in measures and proportions inspired by the sense of balance and harmony of Hellenic art. In a first moment they emerge and are perfected under the influence of the Greek art and architecture, of the Cretan, Mycenaean and Egyptian civilization. At that time the architecture evolves from the geometrism and abstraction of the oriental current, towards the expressive naturalism. Likewise, in the Pelasgic or primitive architecture dating from 3,000 to 700 B.C., the materials used were natural stone in large blocks, large adobe bricks and wood as a working element, forming lattices, which serve as jambs, which are vertical pieces that support the lintel as a primitive column. Clay is used as mortar, and lime to settle the large ashlars carved in a rough manner.
What is the legacy of Archaic Architecture?
The most important legacy of Archaic Architecture was the Greek temples and their structure is that of the building that represents the supreme expression of the art and genius of the Greeks, which, together with sculpture and painting, contribute to enhance the whole. Thus, the appearance of the temple marks the appearance of the polis, which is the origin of the Greek city. Therefore, the temple was the house of the statue of a god, however, in it the faithful never gathered but did so in the atriums or courtyards. For this reason its proportions were reduced in the beginning, but as time went by, these dimensions increased. In the same way, since its appearance in the archaic period, the constructions present a disposition in its parts that almost does not change and was conformed by the CELLA or NAOS, which was the rectangular room where the statue of the divinity dwells. The PRONAOS, which is a vestibule, composed of columns, which preceded and gave access to the cella and the OPISTODOMOS, defined as the dependency that served to keep the treasures of the temple.
What is the most important emblem of Archaic architecture?
Thus, what determines it are the buildings, whose most important emblems are the temples . Likewise, the materials used represent one of the outstanding characteristics of this architecture, as well as the design of the temples. Therefore, the Greek civilization with archaic architecture built its own identity evidenced in their great skills as artists and architects with a very particular worldview that has often been interpreted as a controversy between the Apollonian and the Dionysian.
What is the most primitive architecture?
The Archaic Architecture is the most primitive, with a very basic and simple style to protect from the weather and also to perform cults according to religious tendencies, to the gods, as well as rituals, megalithic structures, house or hut constructions.
What was the most common style of columns in ancient Greece?
Doric columns were quite stout and the capital was flat. In ancient Greece and in the colonies of southern Italy and Sicily, this style was the most common.
What is the last type of temple?
When the temple has a circular plan and is surrounded by a colonnade. This last type is very elegant, and rather rare.
What is the significance of the semicircular stands in the Greek theater?
It was built taking advantage of the lay of the land, so it has semicircular stands whose ends exceed the semi-circle, enclosing the full circle in the inner plane , where the choirs sang and danced, and also instrumental music competitions were held. The stage was presented in front of the audience, which was constituted by a long and narrow platform, to which a permanent architectural decoration served as background and behind it there were chambers destined to the costumes.
What did people do in the Archaic period?
During the thousands of years after the last Ice Age, human populations increased and settled into a range of environments across Arkansas. For the most part, Indians in the Archaic Period lived in hunter-gatherer communities that hunted, fished, and collected wild animal and plant resources for food. But it is too simplistic to view these people as roving bands of hunters or as primitive cave dwellers foraging a meager subsistence from the wilderness. It was during the Archaic Period that people first domesticated plants that later became the staple grain crops of farmers. In some areas, communites became stable and sedentary, and ritual or sacred locations were marked with mounds and earthworks. Instead of moving across the landscape to use natural resources directly, some groups traded raw materials and craft objects across wide areas.
What are some of the most important cultures of the Archaic Period?
Within the Archaic Period, archaeologists have identified more specific regional cultures, such as the Dalton, San Patrice, Tom's Brook, Big Creek, and Poverty Point cultures.
When were mounds built?
One of the most famous mound sites in the region is Poverty Point in northeast Louisiana, and is known for its concentric semicircular earthworks, embankment, and mounds that date to several centuries around 1300 BC.
What is the history of Arkansas?
Historic Occupation I. Historic Occupation II. Archaic Period 8000-500 BC. The Archaic Period refers to the time between 8000 and 500 BC in the Native American history of Arkansas. As was the case in other regions in North America, Arkansas' Archaic Period was a long span of cultural development and innovation that transformed small-scale ...
How long ago was the Middle Archaic period?
Until recently, the Middle Archaic period of ca. 8000 to 5000 years ago was regarded by archaeologists as a time of small, mobile, hunter-gatherer populations whose cultural differences could be explained by local environmental conditions. While environmental changes during this interval were indeed dramatic and consequential to humans, recent evidence from Middle Archaic sites across the Southeast, as well as northeast Florida, call into question many of our simplistic notions about this fascinating time period.
What was the Middle Archaic use of shells?
Middle Archaic use of marine shell at Lake Monroe adds a new twist to the ongoing inquiry into regional settlement. The assemblage of whelk, cockle, and oyster shells recovered from Lake Monroe is unprecedented for an early riverine site. Being some 40 km from its source, the shell was either carried in directly from coast, or imported through coastal neighbors. Moreover, the toolstone used to make drills for producing beads was also nonlocal, coming from sources to west. Thus, the entire production process depended on materials that had to be acquired from afar. Although this fact alone does not resolve whether riverine settlement was permanent or seasonal, the geographic scope of exchange (and/or mortuary ritual) suggests Middle Archaic groups across northeast Florida were indeed culturally divided in ways that both enabled and regulated flows of personnel and resources among interior, riverine, and coastal populations. Our understanding of these diverse groups thus depends as much on the nature of interactions among them as it does on their respective relations to different environmental settings.
How did the environment change during the post-glacial era?
In the wake of a postglacial era that witnessed burgeoning human populations across the region, environmental conditions in certain locations became increasingly drier and hotter. In the lower Midwest and Midsouth, for instance, drier and warmer climate appears to have reduced the viability of upland habitat to support groups that had come to depend on mast, deer, and turkey resources for the winter. At the same time, riverine habitat appears to have improved as increased runoff from desiccated uplands enhanced the food potential of major river valleys. Patterns of regional settlement suggest that certain groups responded to these changes by intensifying the use of riverine locations. In some cases the change may have entailed permanent settlement of riverine sites; in others use of such sites was simply more redundant and intensive than before.
What was the Late Archaic period?
The Late Archaic period in the Southeast consisted of regional specialization using a generalized subsistence technology to efficiently exploit locally available plant and animal resources. For example, freshwater mussels from the Green River in Kentucky, provided the basis for an expanded dietary inventory that included seed crops and native and tropical cultigens, suggesting that this culture was experimenting with horticulture. Late Archaic cultures along the South Atlantic coast developed sedentary settlements based on the utilization of the saltwater oyster beds.
What period did projectile point development occur?
Projectile point development during the Late Archaic period saw the traditional Middle Archaic point forms in Florida diminish in size while some large blades were developed in their place.
Where did fiber tempered ceramics originate?
fiber-tempered ceramic technology appears to have spread throughout much of the Deep South from the South Atlantic coast to the Okeechobee Basin area of South Florida. During the early Gulf Formational period (circa 2000 to 1000 B.C.) of Alabama, middle Tennessee, and eastern Mississippi, fiber-tempered ceramic technology was acquired as a by-product of trade between the Stallings Island and Orange cultures of the South Atlantic coast and the Poverty Point culture of the lower Mississippi River Valley.
Where did the pottery come from?
Stallings Island pottery dates from about 2500 to 1000 B.C., and ceramic finds range from the Tar River drainage in North Carolina, southward to northwest Florida.
What is the treatment of burials at the Green River sitesu0017some containing exotic trade materialsu0017?
The treatment of burials at the Green River sitesu0017some containing exotic trade materialsu0017may reflect the beginnings of a hierarchy of individuals whose sole responsibility was the establishment and maintenance of these trade networks.
Where are the Orange Period sites?
Orange period sites have been located at Canaveral National Seashore, Fort Matanzas National Monument, and Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve. An unusual type of settlement pattern associated with fiber-tempered wares and found in this area are "shell rings.".
Where did Stallings Island pottery come from?
Contemporary with Stallings Island pottery along the South Atlantic coast are other fiber-tempered wares, such as Orangeware from sites in northeast Florida and southeast coastal Georgia (1200 to 500 B.C.).
