See more
What did Alice Paul believe in?
Alice Paul was one of the most prominent activists of the 20th-century women's rights movement. An outspoken suffragist and feminist, she tirelessly led the charge for women's suffrage and equal rights in the United States.
Is Alice Paul a Quaker?
Alice Stokes Paul (January 11, 1885 – July 9, 1977) was an American Quaker, suffragist, feminist, and women's rights activist, and one of the main leaders and strategists of the campaign for the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which prohibits sex discrimination in the right to vote.
Where is Alice Paul from?
Mount Laurel Township, NJAlice Paul / Place of birthBorn on January 11, 1885 to Quaker parents in Mount Laurel, New Jersey, Alice Paul dedicated her life to the single cause of securing equal rights for all.
What are 3 facts about Alice Paul?
Paul loved dancing and sports. Indeed, her love for physical activity was a factor in drawing her into social protest, first in England, then in America. In her high school and college years, she played softball, basketball, hockey, and tennis, and also ice skated when she could.
What happened to Alice Paul?
Paul was sentenced to jail for seven months, where she organized a hunger strike in protest. Doctors threatened to send Paul to an insane asylum and force-fed her, while newspaper accounts of her treatment garnered public sympathy and support for suffrage. By 1918, Wilson announced his support for suffrage.
What PhD did Alice Paul get?
One of the most academically accredited suffragists, Paul obtained a master's degree in sociology (1907) and a PhD in economics (1912), and also earned a law degree in 1922. During her studies in England, Paul was involved with the British suffrage movement.
When and where was Alice Paul born?
Alice Stokes PaulAlice Paul / Full name
Where did Alice Paul grow up?
Born into a Quaker family in Moorestown, New Jersey, Paul was raised in an intellectual and religious environment. Her forebears included on her mother's side William Penn and on her father's side the Winthrops of Massachusetts; her maternal grandfather was one of the founders of Swarthmore College.
Where did Alice Paul live?
RidgefieldAlice Paul / Places livedRidgefield is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. Situated in the foothills of the Berkshire Mountains, the 300-year-old community had a population of 25,033 at the 2020 census. The town center, which was formerly a borough, is defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as a census-designated place. Wikipedia
Did Alice Paul have a husband?
She never married, for most important to her were the women with whom she shared her political work, in particular her closest friend and colleague Elsie Hill, with whom she lived for many years.
What did Alice Paul do after the 19th amendment?
Following the ratification of the 19th Amendment, in 1920, Paul turned her energies toward the passage of a new constitutional amendment which read: “Men and women shall have equal rights throughout the United States and every place subject to its jurisdiction.” First introduced in 1923, the ERA was rewritten in 1943 ...
What university did Alice Paul graduate from?
Swarthmore CollegeUniversity of Pennsylva...American UniversityAmerican University Washingto...Alice Paul/College
How was Alice Paul related to William Penn?
Born into a Quaker family in Moorestown, New Jersey, Paul was raised in an intellectual and religious environment. Her forebears included on her mother's side William Penn and on her father's side the Winthrops of Massachusetts; her maternal grandfather was one of the founders of Swarthmore College.
What is Alice Paul's legacy?
Alice Paul was one of the most prominent members of 20th-century women's rights movement. An outspoken suffragist and feminist, she tirelessly led the charge for women's suffrage and equal rights in the United States.
What university did Alice Paul graduate from?
Swarthmore CollegeUniversity of Pennsylva...American UniversityAmerican University Washingto...Alice Paul/College
When was the 19th Amendment passed?
June 4, 1919Approved by the Senate on June 4, 1919, and ratified in August 1920, the Nineteenth Amendment marked one stage in women's long fight for political equality. This timeline features key moments on the Senate's long road to the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution.
Why did the National Woman's Party go to court?
The National Woman's Party (NWP) went to court to protest the treatment of the women such as Lucy Burns, Dora Lewis and Alice Cosu, her cellmate in Occoquan Prison, who suffered a heart attack at seeing Dora's condition. The women were later moved to the District Jail where Paul languished.
What was Paul's first project?
One of Paul's first big projects was initiating and organizing the 1913 Woman Suffrage Procession in Washington the day before President Wilson 's inauguration. Paul was determined to put pressure on Wilson, because the President would have the most influence over Congress.
What medal did Paul receive in the Hunger Strike?
Paul had been given a Hunger Strike Medal 'for Valour' by WSPU.
Why did Smith support the Equal Rights Amendment?
For twenty years Smith had sponsored the Equal Rights Amendment in the House because he believed in equal rights for women, even though he opposed equal rights for blacks. For decades he had been close to the National Woman's Party and especially to Paul.
What happened on November 9, 1909?
On November 9, 1909, in honor of Lord Mayor's Day, the Lord Mayor of London hosted a banquet for cabinet ministers in the city's Guild Hall. Paul planned the WSPU's response; she and Amelia Brown disguised themselves as cleaning women and entered into the building with the normal staff at 9:00 am. Once in the building, the women hid until the event started that evening. It was then that they came out of hiding and "took their stand". When Prime Minister H. H. Asquith stood to speak, Brown threw her shoe through a pane of stained glass and both women yelled "Votes for women!" Following this event, both women were arrested and sentenced to one month hard labor after refusing to pay fines and damages. She was imprisoned at Holloway Prison in London.
Who was Paul's ally in the suffrage movement?
While in London, Paul also met Lucy Burns, a fellow American activist, whilst arrested in a British police station, who would become an important ally for the duration of the suffrage fight, first in England, then in the United States. The two women quickly gained the trust of prominent WSPU members and began organizing events and campaign offices. When Emmeline Pankhurst attempted to spread the movement to Scotland, Paul and Burns accompanied her as assistants.
When was the 19th amendment passed?
Alice Paul toasting (with grape juice) passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. August 26, 1920
How many times were the Olympics bockcotted?
6 Times the Olympics Were Boycotted. 8 Facts About Ancient Egypt's Hieroglyphic Writing. 1917. The 1917 Bath Riots. Paul broke with the nawsa in 1914 and cofounded the Congressional Union, dedicated to seeking a federal constitutional amendment for woman suffrage. In 1916, she founded the National Woman’s party.
What was Paul's vocation?
It was during those years that Paul, while studying and working as a case worker for a London settlement house, served her apprenticeship for what became her vocation: the struggle for women’s rights. She was enlisted by England’s militant suffragists Emmeline and Christobel Pankhurst.
Who was Alice Paul?
Alice Paul. American suffragist Alice Paul (1885-1977) was born into a prominent Quaker family in New Jersey. While attending a training school in England, she became active with the country’s radical suffragists. After two years with the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), she cofounded the Congressional Union and then formed ...
What did Alice Paul do for women?
A vocal leader of the twentieth century women’s suffrage movement, Alice Paul advocated for and helped secure passage of the 19 th Amendment to the US Constitution, granting women the right to vote. Paul next authored the Equal Rights Amendment in 1923, which has yet to be adopted.
What did Paul and Wilson do?
On April 7, Paul organized a demonstration and founded the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage to focus specifically on lobbying Congress.
What did Paul's parents do?
Paul’s parents embraced gender equality, education for women, and working to improve society. Paul’s mother, a suffragist, brought her daughter with her to women’s suffrage meetings. Paul attended Swarthmore College, a Quaker school cofounded by her grandfather, graduating with a biology degree in 1905.
How long did the silent sentinels wait for liberty?
In January 1917, Paul and over 1,000 “Silent Sentinels” began eighteen months of picketing the White House, standing at the gates with such signs as, “Mr. President, how long must women wait for liberty?”. They endured verbal and physical attacks from spectators, which increased after the US entered World War I.
How many states ratified the ERA?
Paul spent her life advocating for this and other women’s issues. The ERA was ratified by 35 states in the 1970s, but by the 1982 deadline was three states short of 38 needed to become a constitutional amendment.
How many states did the Equal Rights Amendment require?
It took two more years for the Senate, House, and the required 36 states to approve the amendment. Afterward, Paul and the National Women’s Party focused on the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to guarantee women constitutional protection from discrimination. Paul spent her life advocating for this and other women’s issues.
When did Paul and Burns join the NAWSA?
Back in the United States, in 1912 , Paul and Burns joined the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), with Paul leading the Washington, DC chapter. NAWSA primarily focused on state-by-state campaigns; Paul preferred to lobby Congress for a constitutional amendment.
Overview
Career
In 1907, after completing her master's degree at the University of Pennsylvania, Paul moved to England, where she eventually became deeply involved with the British women's suffrage movement, regularly participating in demonstrations and marches of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU). After a "conversion experience" seeing Christabel Pankhurst speak at the University of …
Early life and education
Alice Stokes Paul was born on January 11, 1885 to William Mickle Paul I (1850–1902) and Tacie Parry Paul (1859–1930) at Paulsdale, Mount Laurel Township, New Jersey. She was a namesake for Alice Stokes (1821–1889), her maternal grandmother and the wife of William Parry (1817–1888). Her siblings were Willam Mickle Paul II (1886–1958), Helen Paul Shearer (1889–1971), an…
Personal life and death
Paul had an active social life until she moved to Washington in late 1912. She enjoyed close relationships with women and befriended and occasionally dated men. Paul did not preserve private correspondence for the most part, so few details about her personal life are available. Once Paul devoted herself to winning the vote for women, she placed the suffrage effort first in her life. Nev…
Legacy
Paul was posthumously inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in 1979, and into the New Jersey Hall of Fame in 2010.
Her alma mater, Swarthmore College, named a dormitory Alice Paul Residence Hall in her honor. Montclair State University in New Jersey has also named a dormitory (Alice Paul Hall) in her honor. On April 12, 2016, President Barack Ob…
See also
• Iron Jawed Angels, 2004 film about Alice Paul and Lucy Burns and their movement which resulted in the passage of the 19th Amendment.
• List of civil rights leaders
• List of suffragists and suffragettes
Further reading
• Baker, Jean H. Sisters: The Lives of American Suffragists. New York: Hill and Wang, 2005.
• _____. Votes for Women: The Struggle for Suffrage Revisited. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
• Butler, Amy E. Two Paths to Equality: Alice Paul and Ethel M. Smith in the ERA Debate, 1921–1929. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002.
External links
• The Alice Paul Institute
• Alice Paul at Lakewood Public Library: Women In History
• The Sewall-Belmont House & Museum – Home of the historic National Woman's Party
• Biographical sketch at the University of Pennsylvania