Sexual reproduction was an early evolutionary innovation after the appearance of eukaryotic cells. The fact that most eukaryotes reproduce sexually is evidence of its evolutionary success. In many animals, it is the only mode of reproduction.
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What is meant by sexual reproduction of plants?
The process of producing offspring in plants by fusion of gametes is called the sexual reproduction of plants. Sexual reproduction is always considered as a superior method as it brings variation and evolution. The fusing of gametes results in offspring that are genetically not the same as the parent plant.
What is the difference between sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction Quizlet?
Sexual reproduction requires a single parent. Asexual reproduction occurs when two gametes fuse. Plants can reproduce sexually and asexually. Which statement below best describes why one method might be more beneficial than the other? (1 point) Sexual reproduction provides genetic variation to plants to help them survive in a changing environment.
What are the advantages of asexual reproduction in plants?
Asexual reproduction is a simpler process than sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction requires a single parent. 1. An advantage of asexual reproduction in plants is (1 point) reproduction without another parent. conservation of energy. reproduction with another parent. increased genetic diversity.
How does sexual reproduction change the number of chromosomes in plants?
It makes the rearrangement of genes and also decreases the number of chromosomes. The process of sexual reproduction mainly consists of phases called pollination and fertilization. After fertilization, fruit, and seeds form the flower. The supportive parts fall off after a specific time.
Why must the life cycle of sexually reproducing species alternate between haploid and diploid stages?
Why must the life cycle of sexually reproducing species alternate between haploid and diploid stages? Meiosis must occur at some point in the life cycle to prevent a doubling of chromosomes in each generation. The cells are haploid and the homologous pairs are in separate cells.
What structures are haploid?
Haploid describes a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes. The term haploid can also refer to the number of chromosomes in egg or sperm cells, which are also called gametes. In humans, gametes are haploid cells that contain 23 chromosomes, each of which a one of a chromosome pair that exists in diplod cells.
Why is it important that haploid gametes be produced in animals?
Gametes should be haploid for maintaining the chromosome number of the species. This is achieved by meiosis the reduction division in germ cells. Meiosis is reduction division that occurs only in germ cells where gametes are produced with half the chromosome number to that of the parent cell.
Which of the following are stages in the life cycle of a fern select all that apply?
The life cycle of the fern has two different stages; sporophyte, which releases spores, and gametophyte, which releases gametes. Gametophyte plants are haploid, sporophyte plants diploid. This type of life cycle is called alternation of generations.
How many chromosomes are there in a diploid organism?
46 chromosomesIn diploid cells, one set of chromosomes is inherited from the individual's mother, while the second is inherited from the father. Humans have 46 chromosomes in each diploid cell. Among those, there are two sex-determining chromosomes, and 22 pairs of autosomal, or non-sex, chromosomes.
What does diploid mean in biology?
In genetics and biology, the term diploid refers to the cell containing two sets of homologous chromosomes wherein each chromosome in a set is obtained from each of the two-parent cells.
When gametes of similar size and shape fused to form a zygote their union is called?
The zygote is formed by the fusion (or combining) of two gametes, i.e. male gamete and female gamete. This union of gametes resulting in a zygote is called fertilization.
Why meiosis is necessary in the life cycle of plants and animals?
Meiosis is important for three main reasons: it allows sexual reproduction of diploid organisms, it enables genetic diversity, and it aids the repair of genetic defects.
Which life cycle stage is found in plants but not animals?
Terms in this set (13) Which life cycle stage is found in plants but not animals? meiosis I. 2x. Identify all possible products of meiosis in plant and animal life cycles.
What do all plant life cycles have in common?
All life cycles have a few things in common: they start with seeds, eggs, or live birth, then involve multiple steps including reproduction, and then they end in death.
Which generation of the plant life cycle always produces spores?
The diploid generation of the plant life cycle always produces spores.
When did plants evolve?
Plants evolved from green algae about 475 million years ago.
What are the spores of mosses made of?
The sporophytes of mosses are made up of a foot, a seta, and a sporangium. The foot is embedded in the gametophyte and absorbs nutrients from it. The seta, or stalk, transports the nutrients to the sporangium, which produces spores.
What are nonvascular plants?
Nonvascular plants (informally called bryophytes) generally live very close to the ground, sprawling out rather than growing upward. This growth form is due to their thin body parts and lack of vascular structures that would support upward growth. Three phyla of bryophytes exist today: liverworts, hornworts, and mosses.
What are rhizomes?
Rhizoids, which resemble the roots of vascular plants, anchor the gametophytes to a substrate. Rhizoids are not vascular structures.
Why was sporopollenin developed?
the development of sporopollenin to prevent the desiccation of zygotes. Without sporopollenin, plant reproduction on land would have been much more difficult. This was one of the first problems that had to be solved in order for plants to take advantage of the habitats available on land.
What would have happened if there was no sporopollenin?
Without sporopollenin, plant reproduction on land would have been much more difficult. This was one of the first problems that had to be solved in order for plants to take advantage of the habitats available on land.
What are the four groups of gymnosperms?
Like other land plants, gymnosperms have a life cycle called alternation of generations. The four main groups of gymnosperms are cycads, ginkgos, gnetophytes, and conifers. Cycads have palmlike leaves.
How do haploid spores form?
1) Mature Sporophytes produce haploid spores, dispersed by wind. 2) Separate spores develop into femal and male gametophytes. 3) Haploid eggs from in archegonia, and haploid sperm form in antheridia. 4) Haploid gametes undrgo fertilization, forming a diploid zygote. 5) The diploid xygote develops into a sporophyte.
What is the process of meiosis?
The process of meiosis produces haploid cells. Spores, which are haploid, grow by mitosis to become haploid gametophytes. The gametophyte produces eggs by mitosis; eggs are also haploid. ... Life cycle of a Moss. 1) Mature Sporophytes produce ha ploid spores, dispersed by wind.
What process produces haploid cells?
The process of meiosis produces haploid cells. Click again to see term 👆. Tap again to see term 👆. Spores, which are haploid, grow by mitosis to become haploid gametophytes. The gametophyte produces eggs by mitosis; eggs are also haploid. Click card to see definition 👆. Tap card to see definition 👆.
Do conifers have seeds?
Conifers, including redwoods, pines, and cypresses, have need le-like or scaly leaves and produce seeds in cones. Gymnosperms undergo alternation of generations, alternating between the diploid sporophyte and the haploid gametophyte. In conifers, the mature sporophyte produces two types of cones, in which diploid microsporangia ...
How are plants obtained?
1. Plants are obtained from seeds through the process of sexual reproduction. 2. Two plants are not always essential for the reproduction process. Only one can also perform self pollination and produce seed. 3.
What are the agents of pollination?
3. Fertilization can occur only when male gamete reaches female gamete through the process of pollination. 4. Wind, insects, animals, water, etc. are the agents of pollination. So, the correct answer is (A).
Which process produces haploid cells?
A. The process of meiosis produces haploid cells. B. The process of mitosis produces gametes. C. The process of meiosis produces gametes. D. The process of meiosis produces diploid cells. E. The process of mitosis always produces diploid cells. The correct answer is A. The process of meiosis produces haploid cells.
What is the first part of meiosis?
The chromosome number is reduced during the first part of meiosis which is known as meiosis I . The stages that take place include prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I and cytokinesis. There are some notable differences in these stages of meiosis I when compared with the stages that occur in mitosis.
Why is chromosome number important?
In fact, incorrect ploidy can result in the death of a zygote or a fetus that has developmental disabilities and problems. Meiosis vs Mitosis. Meiosis is the cell division that results in the formation of the gametes of many sexually reproducing organisms.
What is the process of haploid cells?
The process of meiosis produces haploid cells. Cell division occurs in all living organisms but there are different types of division depending on if an organism undergoes asexual or sexual reproduction. Meiosis is how some sexually reproducing organisms can form sex cells or gametes. This type of cell division is different from mitosis.
How many generations are there in a conifer seed?
In a conifer seed, the three different generations are represented by the:
How many daughter cells are formed in meiosis?
In meiosis, one diploid parent cell divides to form four haploid (n) daughter cells. The haploid number is half the diploid number of chromosomes.
What is sexual reproduction?
1. In plants, sexual reproduction occurs when sperm and egg unite to form a... a. gamete b. gametophyte c. sporophyte d. zygote Is it d? 2. A plant continues to grow throughout its life through the use of s a process called... a.
Which of the following were characteristics of early humans during the Old Stone Age?
Which of the following were characteristics of early humans during the old stone age? 1. they hunted and gathered their food 2. they came together to form new villages 3. they moved from place to place looking for food 4. they
What is sexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction is the process in which two parents are involved which produce two types of gamete i.e., male and female . The gametes fuse to form the zygote during fertilization. This is a compulsory event which allows the continuation of the species. The offsprings resulting from asexual reproduction are called clones. However, genetic recombination and variation the offsprings can be seen in sexual reproduction; hence, they are not clones. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
What are the offspring of asexual reproduction called?
The offsprings resulting from asexual reproduction are called clones . However, genetic recombination and variation the offsprings can be seen in sexual reproduction; hence, they are not clones. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Why is reproduction important?
Reproduction is essential as it helps in the continuation of the species. Naturally, pollen grains of some flowers have a fragrance that attracts the agents that will help in pollination. Pollination happens after the pollen grain is mature to fuse and form the zygote. Share this with your friends.
Why is sexual reproduction considered a superior method?
Sexual reproduction is always considered as a superior method as it brings variation and evolution. The fusing of gametes results in offspring that are genetically not the same as the parent plant. The reproduction happens by different processes that occur in plants and give rise to a descendant plant. Fruits and seeds are the results of sexual ...
How do gametes form zygotes?
On the transfer of pollen to stigma, the male gametes release from pollen grain and fuse with the egg in the ovule, leading to the formation of zygote. The process of formation of a zygote by the fusion of gametes is known as fertilization. Sometimes in angiosperms, a male gamete fuses with ovule having two nuclei;
What is the process of pollination where pollen grain on the stigma falls from the anther of another flower?
Cross-pollination: The process of pollination where pollen grain on the stigma falls from the anther of another flower from a different or same plant is called cross-pollination. This process helps in bringing out a genetic variation in plants allowing them to defend against environmental changes that do not favor them.
What is the process of self pollination?
Self-pollination: If the pollen grain landed on stigma and is from the anther of the same flower, then we call the process self-pollination. There are many advantages as well as disadvantages of self-pollination. Hence some flowers use mechanisms to avoid self-pollination.
What is the process of fusing male gametes with eggs called?
The process of fusing of male gametes with eggs is called pollination. We can also say pollination as the transfer of pollen grains on stigma from the anther.
How do bees pollinate?
The pollination through wind happens by pollen grains traveling through the wind and landing on the stigma. As pollen grains are open to the wind, they are sticky so that they stick to the stigma tightly. Sometimes honey bees that come in search of nectar aid in the process of pollination.