Steps of the anaerobic glycolytic system:
- Initially stored glycogen is converted to glucose. ...
- 2 ATP are used to fuel glycolysis and 4 are created so the body gains 2 ATP to use for muscular contraction.
- The breakdown of glucose to synthesise ATP results in the creation of a substance called 'pyruvate' and hydrogen ions. ...
- Because this system is ‘anaerobic’ there isn’t enough oxygen to break down pyruvate and synthesise anymore ATP.
What is produced during glycolysis?
During glycolysis, a single molecule of glucose is used to produce a net two molecules of pyruvate, two molecules of ATP, and two molecules of NADH. The pyruvate may then be used in aerobic respiration or, in the absence of oxygen, anaerobic respiration. The 10 steps of glycolysis can be divided into two parts.
What happens to glucose during glycolysis?
During glycolysis, a single molecule of glucose is split into two 3-carbon molecules, called pyruvates. At the same time, energy is extracted from glucose and converted into ATP, which is then used to fuel other cellular processes.
What is the metabolic pathway of glycolysis?
The metabolic pathway helps in breaking and converting one molecule of glucose- C6H12O6 into two molecules of pyruvate – CH3COCOO− + H+. The total amount of energy, released in the glycolysis process is used to produce energy molecules called ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) along with reduced NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).
What is the first step in glycolysis?
Glycolysis begins with hexokinase phosphorylating glucose into glucose-6 phosphate (G6P). This step is the first transfer of a phosphate group and where the consumption of the first ATP takes place. Also, this is an irreversible step. This phosphorylation traps the glucose molecule in the cell because it cannot readily pass the cell membrane.
What factors stimulate glycolysis?
As the two key signals that are associated with feeding, insulin and glucose are well documented to stimulate glycolysis.
What are the activators of glycolysis?
The phosphofructokinase step is rate-limiting step of glycolysis. High AMP/ADP levels are activators of this enzyme, while high ATP levels are inhibitory (energy charge).
What activates glycolysis and inhibits gluconeogenesis?
Gluconeogenesis is activated when energy is required (i.e., low ATP/AMP ratio) and inhibited if there is an excess of energy available (i.e., large ATP/AMP ratio). Gluconeogenesis is also stimulated by glucagon and inhibited by insulin (see “Phosphofructokinase-2” for the mechanism).
What enzyme regulates glycolysis?
The key regulatory enzyme of glycolysis is phosphofructokinase. It is inhibited by ATP and citrate and activated by AMP (and ADP), Pi, and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate.
What are the controlling steps of glycolysis?
We identify four key flux-controlling steps: Glucose import and phosphorylation, fructose- 1,6-bisphosphate production and lactate export.
Why does insulin stimulate glycolysis?
Mechanism of insulin and glucagon on carbohydrate metabolism occurs as glucose concentration is high, such as after eating, insulin secreted by β cells into the blood stream to promote glycolysis to lower glucose levels by increasing removal of glucose from blood stream to most body cells.
What is glycolysis inhibited by?
It has been proposed that during respiration of these substrates, glycolysis is inhibited by a common mechanism; namely, an indirect inhibition of phosphofructokinase as indicated by increased levels of hexose monophosphates and decreased levels of fructose-1,6-diphosphate5.
Does insulin encourage glycolysis?
Insulin indirectly stimulates glucose oxidation via increasing glucose uptake and subsequent glycolysis that increases pyruvate supply for mitochondrial glucose oxidation by the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex, the rate-limiting enzyme of glucose oxidation.
What are the reactants for glycolysis?
Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration, and the reactants are one molecule of glucose and two molecules of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
Is NAD+ a reactant of glycolysis?
Glycolysis: Reactants and Products NADH, or NAD+ in its de-protonated state (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), is a so-called high-energy electron carrier and an intermediate in many cellular reactions involved in energy release.
What are the 3 regulated steps of glycolysis?
In glycolysis there are three highly exergonic steps (steps 1,3,10). These are also regulatory steps which include the enzymes hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase. Biological reactions can occur in both the forward and reverse direction.
What are the 10 enzymes of glycolysis?
Glycolysis Explained in 10 Easy StepsStep 1: Hexokinase. ... Step 2: Phosphoglucose Isomerase. ... Step 3: Phosphofructokinase. ... Step 4: Aldolase. ... Step 5: Triosephosphate isomerase. ... Step 6: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase. ... Step 7: Phosphoglycerate Kinase. ... Step 8: Phosphoglycerate Mutase.More items...•
Q.1. What is Glycolysis?
Ans: Glycolysis is a series of reactions in which one glucose molecule partially breaks down to produce energy. It produces two molecules of pyruvate.
Q.2. Explain the process of Glycolysis?
Ans: Glycolysis is an anaerobic oxidative process because it occurs in the absence of free oxygen, and there is a loss of hydrogen. In this process...
Q.3. What are the two phases of Glycolysis?
Ans: The two phases of glycolysis are: a. Preparatory or Energy investment phase. b. Pay-off or Energy harvesting phase.
Q.4. What are the three stages of Glycolysis?
Ans: The three stages of glycolysis are a. In the first stage, glucose is trapped and destabilized. b. The second stage involves the breakdown of g...
Q.5. Does Glycolysis occur in humans?
Ans: Yes, Glycolysis occurs in humans during cellular respiration.
Q.6. What is the equation of Glycolysis?
Ans: The overall equation of Glycolysis: C6H12O6+2ADP+2[P]i+2NAD→2Pyruvate+2ATP+2NADH+2H+
Q.7. How many ATPs are consumed in glycolysis for 1 molecule of glucose?
Ans: In the initial reactions, 2ATP molecules are consumed for each molecule of glucose in glycolysis.
Q.8. What is the formula of Glycolysis?
Ans: The formula of Glycolysis: C6H12O6+2ADP+2[P]i+2NAD→2Pyruvate+2ATP+2NADH+2H+
How does glycolysis occur?
Glycolysis occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic states. In aerobic conditions, pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle and undergoes oxidative phosphorylation leading to the net production of 32 ATP molecules. In anaerobic conditions, pyruvate converts to lactate through anaerobic glycolysis. Anaerobic respiration results in the production of 2 ATP molecules.[5] Glucose is a hexose sugar, meaning it is a monosaccharide with six carbon atoms and six oxygen atoms. The first carbon has an attached aldehyde group, and the other five carbons have one hydroxyl group each. During glycolysis, glucose ultimately breaks down into pyruvate and energy; a total of 2 ATP is derived in the process (Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi --> 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 ATP + 2 H2O). The hydroxyl groups allow for phosphorylation. The specific form of glucose used in glycolysis is glucose 6-phosphate.
What is glycolysis in cells?
Even if cells primarily use oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis can serve as an emergency backup for energy or serve as the preparation step before oxidative phosphorylation. In highly oxidative tissue, such as the heart, the production of pyruvate is essential for acetyl-CoA synthesis and L-malate synthesis.
How many ATP molecules are produced in glycolysis?
In glycolysis, 2 ATP molecules are consumed, with the production of 4 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvates per molecule of glucose. The pyruvate can be used in the citric acid cycle or serve as a precursor for other reactions. [2][3][4] Fundamentals. Glycolysis ultimately splits glucose into two pyruvate molecules.
How does glucose transporter work?
Glucose transporters (GLUT) transport glucose from the outside of the cell to the inside. Cells containing GLUT can increase the number of GLUT in the cell's plasma membrane from the intracellular matrix, therefore increasing the uptake of glucose and the supply of glucose available for glycolysis. There are five types of GLUTs. GLUT1 is present in RBCs, the blood-brain barrier, and the blood-placental barrier. GLUT2 is in the liver, beta-cells of the pancreas, kidney, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. GLUT3 is present in neurons. GLUT4 is in adipocytes, heart, and skeletal muscle. GLUT5 specifically transports fructose into cells. Another form of regulation is the breakdown of glycogen. Cells can store extra glucose as glycogen when glucose levels are high in the cell plasma. Conversely, when levels are low, glycogen can be converted back into glucose. Two enzymes control the breakdown of glycogen: glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthase. The enzymes can be regulated through feedback loops of glucose or glucose 1-phosphate, or via allosteric regulation by metabolites, or from phosphorylation/dephosphorylation control. [8]
What is the pyruvate used for?
The pyruvate can be used in the citric acid cycle or serve as a precursor for other reactions. [2][3][4] Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway and an anaerobic source of energy that has evolved in nearly all types of organisms. Another name for the process is the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, in honor of the major contributors towards its discovery ...
How does pyruvate convert to lactate?
In anaerobic conditions, pyruvate converts to lactate through anaerobic glycolysis. Anaerobic respiration results in the production of 2 ATP molecules.[5] . Glucose is a hexose sugar, meaning it is a monosaccharide with six carbon atoms and six oxygen atoms.
How does a GLUT increase glucose?
Cells that contain GLUT can increase the number of GLUT in the plasma membrane of the cell from the intracellular matrix, therefore increasing the uptake of glucose and the supply of glucose available for glycolysis. There are five types of GLUTs.
How does glycolysis work?
Glycolysis is a 10 step process that releases energy from glucose and converts glucose into pyruvate. These reactions take place in the cytosol of cells and can happen in the presence or absence of oxygen. During glycolysis, a single molecule of glucose is used to produce a net two molecules of pyruvate, two molecules of ATP, and two molecules of NADH. The pyruvate may then be used in aerobic respiration or, in the absence of oxygen, anaerobic respiration.
What is Glycolysis?
Glycolysis (AKA the glycolytic pathway) is the metabolic process that releases energy from glucose. During glycolysis, a single molecule of glucose is split into two 3-carbon molecules, called pyruvates. At the same time, energy is extracted from glucose and converted into ATP, which is then used to fuel other cellular processes.
What is the reaction of BPG and ATP?
This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase.
What is the purpose of glycolysis?
During glycolysis, a single molecule of glucose is used to produce a net two molecules of pyruvate, two molecules of ATP, and two molecules of NADH. The pyruvate may then be used in aerobic respiration or, in the absence of oxygen, anaerobic respiration. The 10 steps of glycolysis can be divided into two parts.
What is the reaction that transfers phosphate group to ADP?
A phosphate group is transferred from PEP to ADP. This reaction is catalyzed by pyruvate kinase and creates two molecules of ATP and two molecules of pyruvate.
What is the energy requiring phase of glycolysis?
During the energy-requiring phase of glycolysis, two ATP molecules are used to split one molecule of glucose into two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
How many steps are involved in glycolysis?
There are 10 steps of glycolysis, each involving a different enzyme. Steps 1 – 5 make up the energy-requiring phase of glycolysis and use up two molecules of ATP. Steps 6 – 10 are the energy-releasing phase, which produces four molecules of ATP and two molecules of NADPH.
Where does glycolysis take place?
This process occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. In addition, glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of all living organisms.
How many steps are involved in glycolysis?
In plants, sucrose breaks down into glucose and fructose with enzyme invertase, and then these two monosaccharides readily enter the glycolytic pathway. This glycolytic pathway consists of ten steps. A specific enzyme catalyzes each step. The ten steps of glycolysis are:
What is the process of breaking down glucose to form pyruvic acid?
Glycolysis is the series or sequence of reactions or pathways by which glucose is broken down anaerobically to form pyruvic acid. During glycolysis, one glucose molecule makes two molecules of pyruvate.
What are the three enzymes that regulate glycolysis?
Glycolysis is regulated by three regulatory enzymes hexokinase or glucokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase, and glucose concentration in the blood and by a certain hormone level in the blood.
How is pyruvate formed?
Formation of Pyruvate: In the last step 2 -Phosphoenol pyruvic acid is converted to Pyruvic acid by the removal of phosphorus, thus one molecule of ATP is synthesized from ADP by substrate-level phosphorylation with the action of enzyme pyruvic Kinase. Pyruvic acid is the end product of glycolysis.
What enzyme is involved in phosphorylation of glucose?
Phosphorylation of Glucose: In this step, phosphorylation of glucose by ATP occurs in the presence of Mg 2 + and an enzyme hexokinase to form Glucose- 6 -phosphate.
What is the PK in ATP?
Pyruvate kinase (PK) is inhibited by ATP and activated by fructose- 1, 6 -bisphosphate. Pyruvate kinase is active in a dephosphorylated state and inactive in a phosphorylated form. Inactivation of pyruvate kinase by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The Hormone glucagon hepatic glycolysis by this mechanism.
How many molecules does glycolysis produce?
Glycolysis produces two molecules of pyruvate, two molecules of ATP, two molecules of NADH, and two molecules of water.
How many ATP molecules are produced in glycolysis?
A net of two ATP molecules are produced through glycolysis (two are used during the process and four are produced.) Learn more about the 10 steps of glycolysis below.
What is the function of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (?
First, it dehydrogenates GAP by transferring one of its hydrogen (H⁺) molecules to the oxidizing agent nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) to form NADH + H⁺.
What happens to the phosphoglycerokinase in BPG?
The enzyme phosphoglycerokinase transfers a phosphate from BPG to a molecule of ADP to form ATP. This happens to each molecule of BPG. This reaction yields two 3-phosphoglycerate (3 PGA) molecules and two ATP molecules.
How many ATP molecules does pyruvate kinase produce?
This happens for each molecule of PEP. This reaction yields two molecules of pyruvate and two ATP molecules.
How many ATP molecules are in a multistep process?
This multistep process yields two ATP molecules containing free energy, two pyruvate molecules, two high energy, electron-carrying molecules of NADH, and two molecules of water.
What is the process of releasing energy within sugars?
Glycolysis, which translates to "splitting sugars", is the process of releasing energy within sugars. In glycolysis, a six-carbon sugar known as glucose is split into two molecules of a three-carbon sugar called pyruvate. This multistep process yields two ATP molecules containing free energy, two pyruvate molecules, two high energy, ...
What is Glycolysis?
Glycolysis is the process in which glucose is broken down to produce energy. It produces two molecules of pyruvate, ATP, NADH and water. The process takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell and does not require oxygen. It occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic organisms.
Where does the glucose pyruvate reaction take place?
It is the process in which a glucose molecule is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. The process takes place in the cytoplasm of plant and animal cell. Six enzymes are involved in the process. The end products of the reaction include 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules.
How is phosphoenolpyruvate transferred to ADP?
A phosphate from phosphoenolpyruvate is transferred to ADP to form pyruvate and ATP by the action of pyruvate kinase. Two molecules of pyruvate and ATP are obtained as the end products.
What is the primary step of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis is the primary step of cellular respiration. In the absence of oxygen, the cells take small amounts of ATP through the process of fermentation. This metabolic pathway was discovered by three German biochemists- Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas in the early 19th century and is known as the EMP pathway ...
How is a phosphate group added to glucose?
A phosphate group is added to glucose in the cell cytoplasm, by the action of enzyme hexokinase. In this, a phosphate group is transferred from ATP to glucose forming glucose,6-phosphate.
Which enzyme is responsible for the phosphoglycerate molecule?
The phosphate of both the phosphoglycerate molecules is relocated from the third to the second carbon to yield two molecules of 2-phosphoglycerate by the enzyme phosphoglyceromutase.
Which molecule converts phosphate to fructose?
The other ATP molecule transfers a phosphate group to fructose 6-phosphate and converts it into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate by the action of enzyme phosphofructokinase.
Why does glycolysis occur at more than one point?
Because glycolytic intermediates feed into several other pathways, the regulation of glycolysis occurs at more than one point. This allows the regulation of several pathways to be coordinated. For example, dihydroxyacetone phosphate is the precursor to the glycerol component of lipids. An animal in a well‐fed state synthesizes fat ...
What is the rule of glycolysis?
Glycolysis Regulation. It is a general rule of metabolic regulation that pathways are regulated at the first committed step. The committed step is the one after which the substrate has only one way to go. Because glycolytic intermediates feed into several other pathways, the regulation of glycolysis occurs at more than one point.
What is the third step in the free energy diagram?
The third big step in the free‐energy diagram is the pyruvate‐kinase reaction , where ATP is formed from phosphoenol pyruvate. ATP inhibits pyruvate kinase, similar to the inhibition of PFK. Pyruvate kinase is also inhibited by acetyl‐Coenzyme A, the product of pyruvate metabolism that enters the TCA cycle.
How is phosphofructokinase regulated?
Phosphofructokinase is regulated by the energy charge of the cell —that is, the fraction of the adenosine nucleotides of the cell that contain high‐energy bonds. Energy charge is given by the formula: The energy charge of a cell can vary from about 0.95 to 0.7.
How is glucose broken down in flight muscle?
In contrast, flight muscle (a fast‐white muscle) contains few mitochondria; glucose is broken down largely by glycolysis. Because only two ATP molecules are produced per glucose consumed by glycolysis, a limited amount of energy is available for muscle activity. The muscle acts quickly, but for only a short time.
What is the entry point of glucose?
The entry point of glucose is the formation of glucose‐6‐phosphate. Hexokinase is feedback‐inhibited by its product, so the phosphorylation of glucose is inhibited if there is a buildup of glucose‐6‐ phosphate. In mammalian cells, the breakdown of glycogen is regulated by covalent modification of glycogen phosphorylase.
Which enzyme is activated by fructose?
Phosphofructokinase is also activated by fructose‐2,6‐ bisphosphate, which is formed from fructose‐1‐phosphate by a second, separate phosphofructokinase enzyme—phosphofructokinase II (as shown in Figure ). The activity of PFK II is itself regulated by hormone action.
How does glycolysis work?
The steps of glycolysis are as follows: 1 Glucose gets phosphorylated by hexokinase, forming glucose-6-phosphate. This step requires one molecule of ATP. 2 Glucose-6-phosphate is isomerized by phosphoglucose isomeraseto form fructose-6-phosphate. 3 Fructose-6-phosphate is phosphorylated by phosphofructokinaseto form fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. This step requires one molecule of ATP. 4 Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is split into two separate sugar molecules, dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, by aldolase. 5 The molecule of dihydroxyacetone phosphate is isomerized by triosephosphate isomeraseto form a second glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. 6 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is phosphorylated by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenaseto form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. This step requires NAD+ as a cofactor. 7 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate kinase. This step involves the transfer of a phosphate molecule to ADP to form 1 molecule of ATP. 8 3-phosphoglycerate rearranges to form 2-phosphoglycerate by the enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase. 9 2-phosphoglycerate is dehydrated to produce phosphoenolpyruvate by the enzyme enolase. 10 Phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate by pyruvate kinase. This step involves the transfer of a phosphate molecule to ADP to form 1 molecule of ATP.
What is the process of glycolysis in erythrocytes?
In erythrocytes and oxygen-deprived tissue, pyruvate remains within the cytoplasm and converts to lactate, a process referred to as anaerobic glycolysis. This final reaction allows for the regeneration of NAD+, a cofactor that must be available in high enough intracellular concentrations for the earlier reactions of glycolysis to remain favorable. Compared to oxidative phosphorylation, however, anaerobic glycolysis is significantly less efficient, providing a net production of only 2 ATP per glucose molecule (versus 32 ATP per glucose molecule produced during oxidative phosphorylation). [1]
How does anaerobic glycolysis produce ATP?
In poorly oxygenated tissue, glycolysis produces 2 ATP by shunting pyruvate away from mitochondria and through the lactate dehydrogenase reaction .[1] In rapidly contracting skeletal muscle cells with energy demand exceeding what can be produced by oxidative phosphorylation alone, anaerobic glycolysis allows for the more rapid production of ATP.[3] ( Glycolysis is approximately 100 times faster than oxidative phosphorylation.) In cells lacking mitochondria altogether, pyruvate cannot undergo oxidative phosphorylation regardless of oxygen levels.
What is the process of breaking down glucose into ATP?
Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is broken down within the cytoplasm of a cell to form pyruvate. Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate can diffuse into mitochondria, where it enters the citric acid cycle and generates reducing equivalents in the form of NADH and FADH2. These reducing equivalents then enter the electron transport chain, leading to the production of 32 ATP per molecule of glucose. Because the electron transport chain requires oxygen as the final electron acceptor, inadequate tissue oxygenation inhibits the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
What enzyme converts pyruvate to lactate?
Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate has a different fate. Instead of entering mitochondria, the cytosolic enzyme lactate dehydrogenaseconverts pyruvate to lactate. Although lactate itself is not utilized by the cell as a direct energy source, this reaction also allows for the regeneration of NAD+ from NADH.
Why do cancerous cells shift away from oxidative metabolism?
To combat the inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation, cancerous cells shift away from oxidative metabolism and instead rely heavily on anaerobic glycolysis. [9] Fibromyalgia:Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain condition characterized by diffuse tender points on the body in the absence of abnormal diagnostic testing.
How much ATP does glycolysis produce?
Glycolysis produces 2 ATP per glucose molecule, and thus provides a direct means of producing energy in the absence of oxygen. This process of breaking down glucose in the absence of oxygen is aptly named anaerobic glycolysis. [1]
What are the steps of glycolysis?
Steps of the anaerobic glycolytic system: 1 Initially stored glycogen is converted to glucose. Glucose is then broken down by a series of enzymes. 2 2 ATP are used to fuel glycolysis and 4 are created so the body gains 2 ATP to use for muscular contraction. 3 The breakdown of glucose to synthesise ATP results in the creation of a substance called 'pyruvate' and hydrogen ions. The muscle becomes increasingly acidic as more hydrogen ions are created. 4 Because this system is ‘anaerobic’ there isn’t enough oxygen to break down pyruvate and synthesise anymore ATP.
What are the products of anaerobic glycolysis?
During high intensity exercise the products of anaerobic glycolysis namely pyruvate and H+ accumulate rapidly.
Why is pyruvate binding with hydrogen ions?
Because this system is ‘anaerobic’ there isn’t enough oxygen to break down pyruvate and synthesise anymore ATP. This results in pyruvate binding with some of the hydrogen ions and converting them into a substance called lactate (completely different to 'lactic acid').
How is glucose broken down?
Glucose is then broken down by a series of enzymes. 2 ATP are used to fuel glycolysis and 4 are created so the body gains 2 ATP to use for muscular contraction. The breakdown of glucose to synthesise ATP results in the creation of a substance called 'pyruvate' and hydrogen ions. The muscle becomes increasingly acidic as more hydrogen ions are ...
What is the purpose of training the ATP system?
Training this system is aimed at increasing tolerance to lactate, the removal of lactate and improving the rate at which glycolysis produces ATP.
Why does my muscle feel burning?
It is this acidity that we feel as a burning sensation and it comes about solely as a result of the accumulation of hydrogen ions (H+). If a muscle cell becomes too acidic the muscle stops functioning as the enzymes that control glycolysis struggle to function in an acidic environment.
How many steps are involved in the glycolytic system?
There are four key steps involved in the anaerobic glycolytic system. However they take longer to be carried out compared to the steps in the ATP-PC system. This is why it doesn’t start working as quickly and as these steps are more complex than the ATP-PC system, energy isn't produced as quickly.
What is the simplest method of controlling metabolism?
The simplest method of control of metabolism is by substrate concentration. So if the concentration of NADH and pyruvate is low, lactate dehydrogenase cannot function. When they build up it can and will.
Does pyruvate build up acetyl CoA?
The situation is more complicated than this, because pyruvate will only build up if it is not converted to acetyl CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (see Berg et al. section 17.1.1 ):
