What does trough concentration mean?
"Trough concentration" redirects here. For trough concentration of solar radiation, see Parabolic trough. In medicine and pharmacology, a trough level or trough concentration ( Ctrough) is the lowest concentration reached by a drug before the next dose is administered, often used in therapeutic drug monitoring.
What is the trough level of a drug?
Trough level. "Trough concentration" redirects here. For trough concentration of solar radiation, see Parabolic trough. In medicine and pharmacology, a trough level or trough concentration ( Ctrough) is the lowest concentration reached by a drug before the next dose is administered, often used in therapeutic drug monitoring.
What is a C trough level?
Jump to navigation Jump to search. In medicine and pharmacology, a trough level or trough concentration (C trough) is the lowest concentration reached by a drug before the next dose is administered, often used in therapeutic drug monitoring.
What is the difference between a peak and a trough?
A peak is the highest level of a medication in the blood, while a trough level indicates the lowest concentration. Troughs of medication concentration occur after the drug has been broken down and metabolized by the body. Join millions of students and clinicians who learn by Osmosis!
What is blood trough level?
The trough level is the lowest concentration in the patient's bloodstream, therefore, the specimen should be collected just prior to administration of the drug. The peak level is the highest concentration of a drug in the patient's bloodstream.
What does a 12 hour trough mean?
A trough level is the lowest concentration reached by a drug before the next dose is administered. For example, if cyclosporine is given twice a day, a blood sample is usually drawn 12 hours after the last dose, before a new dose is given.
What is a normal Vanco trough level?
The reference range for vancomycin trough levels is 5-15 mcg/mL. The reference range for vancomycin peak levels is 20-40 mcg/mL.
What does high trough level mean?
Peak and trough levels indicate drug levels in an individual's body. A peak is the highest level of a medication in the blood, while a trough level indicates the lowest concentration. Troughs of medication concentration occur after the drug has been broken down and metabolized by the body.
How do you calculate trough levels?
The value of the measured trough (MT) was then extrapolated to estimate the true trough (TT), using the equation: TT = MT × e−Kt. With this method of determining vancomycin K, it is important to use an uncorrected value of CrCl in mL/min, not one that has been corrected to a standard body surface area of 1.73 m2.
How do you monitor peak and trough levels?
Based upon dosing intervals, a peak drug level is measured at a specified time following the last dose, while a trough level is measured at a specified interval before the next dose. The dose is adjusted to maintain the drug level within defined peak and trough ranges.
How do you interpret a vancomycin trough?
Trough concentrations are recommended for therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin, preferably acquired at steady-state (just before fourth dose). To avoid development of resistance, vancomycin trough levels should remain above 10.0 mcg/mL. Complicated infections require higher target levels, typically 15.0 to 20.0 mcg/mL.
What is too high on vancomycin trough?
In patients receiving vancomycin, a greater risk of nephrotoxicity occurs when doses exceed 4 grams per day and trough levels are higher than 15mcg/mL and an AUC above 600 mg-h/L is present.
What does it mean when vancomycin trough is high?
Based on pooled adjusted OR, high vancomycin trough level is the variable that was identified as the independent factor associated with risk of nephrotoxicity in MRSA infections. MRSA-infected patients with trough levels ≥15 mg/L had greater odds of nephrotoxicity than those with trough levels <15 mg/L.
What does trough mean in clinical trials?
In medicine and pharmacology, a trough level or trough concentration (Ctrough) is the concentration reached by a drug immediately before the next dose is administered, often used in therapeutic drug monitoring.
What do troughs represent?
Troughs form when the jet stream dips southward into a bowl-like shape, and are associated with colder air, low pressure aloft, and a less stable atmosphere. This tends to result in cooler and more unsettled weather conditions.
What is an example of trough?
Examples of Troughs in the U.S. At the end of 2007, the U.S. GDP reached an all-time high of $14.99 trillion. It then fell steadily for the next year and a half, a period of severe economic contraction. In June 2009, it bottomed out at $14.36 trillion.
What does a trough indicate in weather?
A trough is an elongated area of relatively low pressure extending from the center of a region of low pressure. Air in a high pressure area compresses and warms as it descends. This warming inhibits the formation of clouds, meaning the sky is normally sunny in high-pressure areas. But haze and fog still might form.
What are peaks and troughs?
Peaks and troughs are the highest and lowest concentrations of a medication in an individual’s body. They are used to determine dosing intervals, or how much time should pass between each new administration of the drug. Peak and trough levels are particularly useful for therapeutic drug monitoring, which is the process of measuring drug concentrations at intervals to ensure a consistent concentration of a medication remains in an individual. Therapeutic drug monitoring can also be used to maintain a steady, medicated state in an individual. Therapeutic drug monitoring is important for medications with a narrow therapeutic index (i.e., are effective and nontoxic only in a small range of concentration levels), high variability, or adverse effects. Drugs commonly monitored include anti-seizure and psychotic medications (e.g., phenytoin, lithium ), antibiotics (e.g., vancomycin, aminoglycosides ), and immunosuppressants (e.g., tacrolimus, cyclosporine ).
What are the most important facts to know about peaks and troughs?
Peaks and troughs are the highest and lowest concentrations, respectively, of a medication in an individual’s body. They are used to determine dosing intervals, especially during therapeutic drug monitoring. The time the peak level is taken depends on the medication’s route of administration, while the trough level is taken just before the next dose is given.
