Neurons can be excitatory, inhibitory or modulatory in their effect and motor, sensory or secretory in their function. They can be influenced by a large repertoire of neurotransmitters and hormones (see Chap. 10).
What are the structural features of a neuron?
General structural features of neurons are the perikarya, dendrites and axons. However, this picture does not hold true for many neurons. The neuron is the most polymorphic cell in the body and defies formal classification on the basis of shape, location, function, fine structure or transmitter substance.
What makes a neuron unique from other cells?
These facts alone make the neuron unique. Neurons can be excitatory, inhibitory or modulatory in their effect and motor, sensory or secretory in their function [6]. They can be influenced by a large repertoire of neurotransmitters and hormones (see Chap. 10).
How do neurons work in the nervous system?
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE NEURON INTRODUCTION TO THE NERVOUS SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY OF THE NEURON Typically, voltage changes in neurons flow from dendrites, to the soma, to the axon. In sensory neurons, however, environmental stimuli (light, chemicals, pain) activate ion channels which produce action potentials that flow from the axon to the soma.
What are the cytoplasmic features of a neuron?
No unique cytoplasmic inclusions of the neuron distinguish it from any other cell. Neurons have all the morphological counterparts of other cell types, the structures are similarly distributed and some of the most common, the Golgi apparatus and mitochondria, for example, were described first in neurons (Fig. 1-4).
What two physiological characteristics are highly developed in neurons quizlet?
What 2 physiological characteristics are highly developed in neurons (nerve cells)? Irritability and conductivity.
What two physiological characteristics are highly developed in neurons How are they structurally different?
Conversely, the two primary physiological characteristics that are highly developed in neurons include; Irritability. Conductivity.
What are the 2 fundamental properties of neurons?
1. Excitability / irritability: This means they can be stimulated to produce an impulse (action potential) – a tiny electrical current. 2. Conductivity: This means neurons are also able to transfer an impulse along the full length of their axons and then on to other neurons, muscles or glands.
Which of the following are characteristics of neurons?
List the three special characteristics of Neurons.Extreme Longevity.Amitotic.Exceptionally High Metabolic Rate.
Which fundamental physiological properties of neurons allows them to send signals?
Overview of the Nervous SystemQuestionAnswerWhat are the three fundamental physiological properties that enable neurons to communicate with other cells ?1) excitability, 2) conductivity, and 3) secretionExcitability (irritability)Respond to environment changes called stimuli.6 more rows
What are the 2 major cell types of the nervous tissue?
Although the nervous system is very complex, there are only two main types of cells in nerve tissue. The actual nerve cell is the neuron. It is the "conducting" cell that transmits impulses and the structural unit of the nervous system. The other type of cell is neuroglia, or glial, cell.
What are the physiological properties of a neuron?
Neurons are characterized by four main functional properties; a) electrical excitability (mostly across the plasmalemma), b) secretion (mostly vesicular and peptide extruding channel dependent), c) molecular synthesis (mostly proteins), and d) growth and plasticity.
What are the two major functional properties of neurons quizlet?
1. Sensory (afferent) neurons conduct impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS; most cell bodies are in the ganglia in the PNS. 2. Motor (efferent) neurons transmit impulses from the cNS to effectors in the body periphery.
What are the three properties of a neuron?
Neurons vary in size, shape, and structure depending on their role and location. However, nearly all neurons have three essential parts: a cell body, an axon, and dendrites.
What are the basic characteristics of a neuron quizlet?
Terms in this set (6)Excitability. Produce nerve impulses and respond to stimuli.Conductivity. Conduct nerve impulses and send signals.Secrection. Secret neurotransmitters.Extreme longevity. Last your entire life.Amitotic. don't divide / reproduce.High Metabolic rate. Use lots of O2 / glucose.
What are the two types of neuron processes?
Neuron Classification Unipolar neurons have one very short process that extends from a single cell body and branches into two processes. Unipolar neurons are found in spinal nerve cell bodies and cranial nerves. Bipolar neurons are sensory neurons consisting of one axon and one dendrite that extend from the cell body.
What are the characteristics of sensory neuron?
Sensory neurons Thus, a physical input can be things like sound, touch, heat, or light. A chemical input comes from taste or smell, which neurons then send to the brain. Most sensory neurons are pseudounipolar, which means they only have one axon which is split into two branches.